Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it causes more cancer-related deaths than the next four causes （breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer） of cancer-r...Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it causes more cancer-related deaths than the next four causes （breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer） of cancer-related mortality combined （1）. About 30% of people have already progressed to stage III lung cancer and 40% to stage IV at the time they are diagnosed （2）. Although chest X-ray and sputum cytology, when applied in health check-ups, can identify some relatively small tumors, they are not able to lower the overall mortality （3）. More recently,展开更多
Obesity is included in the definition of metabolic syndrome. However, there are many controversies surrounding the evaluation of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the definition of ...Obesity is included in the definition of metabolic syndrome. However, there are many controversies surrounding the evaluation of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the definition of metabolic syndrome among various populations. To understand precisely how various anthropometric indices of obesity influence metabolic parameters, we studied the correlations of BMI, WC (Japanese criteria), WC (IDF criteria), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and the VFA/SFA ratio with metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. The influences of BMI and WC on diastolic blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol were larger than VFA, whereas the influences of visceral fat area on triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were larger than BMI and WC. WC (IDF) was the strongest determinant of adiponectin among anthropometric indices. Present study showed significant different associations of BMI, Japan- and IDF-defined WC, VFA, SFA and the VFA/SFA ratio with blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and adipocytokines in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’...<strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’s thus presented as an independent risk factor for bone fragility with a considerable fracture risk relating to many more or less intricate parameters. The general objective of our study is to assess bone mass during type 2 diabetes in Senegalese women. <strong>Methodology:</strong> We had carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected on the basis of a questionnaire. Then each of the subjects had undergone a complete clinical examination followed by a blood sample for a biological assessment of certain cardiovascular risk factors. Bone mass was measured using a bio-impedancemeter. <strong>Results:</strong> We recruited 88 women with type 2 diabetes and 83 healthy control women. The mean age of diabetic subjects was 52.7 years ± 6.8 (with extremes of 39 and 74 years). In control, the mean age was 51.0 ± 8.5 years (with extremes of 35 and 72 years). Among the diabetic subjects, 22 subjects or 25% practiced a regular walk against 27 (32.5%) in the control. Forty-three among the diabetic subjects (48.8%) were known hypertensive and followed. According to the body mass index, 71 patients (80.7%) were overweight compared to 59 (71.1%) controls. According to the waist size, 80 (90.9%) diabetic subjects had an elevated waist size compared to 69 control women (83.1%). Among diabetic subjects, 41 patients (46.5%) were hyperglycemic imbalance according to fasting blood glucose and 59 patients (67%) according to glycated hemoglobin level. Thirty-seven diabetics (42%), had both high fasting blood glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.68 ± 7.18 years. We found significantly higher bone mass in type 2 diabetic subjects (p = 0.03). Among diabetics, 27.3% had low bone mass compared to 36.1% of control. It’s noted that the subjects of the “low bone mass” group among the control subjects also have a significant drop in other anthropometric parameters (weight, body mass index, waist size, muscle mass). It should also be noted that the fat mass is significantly higher in diabetic subjects with normal or even high bone mass. In control subjects, bone mass was positively correlated with weight (r = 0.36;p = 0.001), muscle mass (r = 0.93;p < 0.0001) and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.26;p = 0.02);and negatively correlate with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04). On the other hand, in type 2 diabetic subjects, bone mass is positively correlated with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04), muscle mass (r = 0.89;p < 0.0001) and the diabetes duration (r = 0.44;p = 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bone mass is higher in type 2 diabetics compared to healthy controls. Chronic hyperglycemia and the diabetes duration are believed to be responsible for the increase in bone mass. In addition, an increase in muscle mass would lead to an increase in bone mass.展开更多
Objective To explore the role of adipokines including insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, acylation stimulating protein （ASP） and complement C3 （C3） in various types of obesity （peripheral obesity, abdominal ...Objective To explore the role of adipokines including insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, acylation stimulating protein （ASP） and complement C3 （C3） in various types of obesity （peripheral obesity, abdominal obesity and mixed obesity） in Chinese children and adolescents, and their relationships with body size and pubertal development. Methods Children and adolescents （n=3 508） aged 6 to 18 years, with 1 788 boys and 1 720 girls were assessed for body mass index, waist circumference, pubertal development, blood insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, ASP and C3 levels. Three types of obesity [peripheral obesity （n=43）, abdominal obesity （n=473）, mixed obesity （n=1 187）] and non‐obese control （n=1 805） were defined with combined use of Chinese body mass index and waist circumference criteria. Results Serum resistin, leptin and adiponectin levels were higher in girls than those in boys （all P0.01）. Insulin and leptin increased and adiponectin decreased across five Tanner stages in both girls and boys （all P0.001）, while ASP changed only in girls （P0.001） and C3 only in boys （P0.001）. Insulin, leptin and ASP were higher, but adiponectin was lower in all three types of obesity vs. the non‐obese control （all P0.05）. The greatest abnormalities of all six adipokines were found in the mixed obesity group. With inclusion of body mass index and waist circumference in simultaneous regression analyses, both body size indices were independently and significantly correlated with insulin, leptin and adiponectin after age and gender adjustment. Compared with waist circumference, the body mass index was stronger in interpreting insulin, leptin, adiponectin and ASP levels, whereas it was weaker in explaining variance of plasma C3. Conclusions Obese children have a worse metabolic profile with high insulin, resistin, leptin, ASP and C3, and low adiponectin levels. The adipokine profile in mixed obesity is worse than that in peripheral or abdominal obesity. Identification of obese subjects with a malignant adipokine profile using a combination of body mass index and waist circumference is important for the prevention of obesity‐related disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity is referred to as sarcopenic obesity(SO)and it has been hypothesized that the two components of SO may synergistically increase their negative effects. However, man...BACKGROUND The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity is referred to as sarcopenic obesity(SO)and it has been hypothesized that the two components of SO may synergistically increase their negative effects. However, many uncertainties still surround this condition especially with regard to its potential negative effects on health outcomes.AIM To conduct a systematic review to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among adults with overweight and obesity and to investigate whether SO was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes(T2 D).METHODS This study was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development and quality appraisal were performed independently by two authors and the data were collated by means of metaanalysis and narrative synthesis.RESULTS Of the 606 articles retrieved, 11 studies that comprised a total of 60118 adults with overweight and obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, the overall prevalence of sarcopenia is 43% in females and 42% in males who are with overweight and obesity.Secondly, the presence of SO increases the risk of T2D by 38% with respect to those without SO(OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.27-1.50).CONCLUSION A high prevalence of sarcopenia has been found among adults with overweight and obesity regardless of their gender and this condition seems to be associatedwith a higher risk of T2D. Clinician should be aware of this scenario in their clinical practice for the better management of both obesity and T2D.展开更多
The changes of plasma myostatin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2D) and their clinical correlation were investigated.We recruited 43 T2D patients and 20 age-matched healthy subjects.Plasma myostatin,...The changes of plasma myostatin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2D) and their clinical correlation were investigated.We recruited 43 T2D patients and 20 age-matched healthy subjects.Plasma myostatin,lipid and glucose,and serum insulin were determined.T2D patients showed significantly higher fasting plasma glucose(FPG),serum insulin and triglyceride levels,and lower high-density lipoprotein levels than normal control subjects(P<0.01).Mean plasma myostatin level in T2D patients and health controls was(66.5±17.8) and(46.2±13.8) ng/mL,respectively.An unpaired t test showed that the increase of myostatin in the T2D patients was significant(P<0.001).In both healthy control and T2D groups,the female subjects showed higher myostatin levels than the male subjects.In the T2D patients,plasma level of myostatin was negatively correlated with body mass index(BMI,r=-0.42,P<0.01) and FPG(r=-0.51,P<0.01),but positively correlated with insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR,r=0.48,P<0.01).Up-regulation of plasma myostatin in the T2D patients and its correlation with BMI,FPG and blood insulin sensitivity suggests that plasma myostatin may be implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and thus presented as a therapeutic target for treating the disease.Furthermore,circulating myostatin levels may be used as a biomarker for the disease.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the emission spectrum for a A-type three-level atom trapped in the node of a standing wave. We show that the atomic center-of-mass motion not only directly affects the peak number, peak po...We theoretically investigate the emission spectrum for a A-type three-level atom trapped in the node of a standing wave. We show that the atomic center-of-mass motion not only directly affects the peak number, peak position, and peak height in the atomic emission spectrum, but also influences the effects of the cavity field and the atomic initial state on atomic emission spectrum.展开更多
The rugosan fauna from the Guanyinqiao Bed （latest Ordovician, Hirnantian） of northern Guizhou, China is known to belong to the cold or cool-water type corals. The components of the fauna are solitary corals only, a...The rugosan fauna from the Guanyinqiao Bed （latest Ordovician, Hirnantian） of northern Guizhou, China is known to belong to the cold or cool-water type corals. The components of the fauna are solitary corals only, and corallite septa are generally strongly dilated, especially the streptelasmatid corals are dominant comprising 98% of the whole fauna. The Guanyinqiao Bed is rich in rugosans of 18 genera, which are streptelasnmtid Streptelasma （=Helicelasma）, Brachyelasma, Amplexobrachyelasma, Salvadorea, Grewingkia, Borelasma, CrassUasma, Leolasma, KenophyUum, UUernelasma, Paramplexoides, Siphonolasma, Pycnactoides, Dalmanophyllum, Bodophyllum, Axiphoria, Lambeophyllum and cystiphyllid Sinkiangolasma. Although this fauna was fairly abundant in a confined area （northern-northeastern Guizhou, southern Sichuan） during the Hirnantian age, the rugosan mass extinction （generic extinction rate 81%） happened at the end of the Hirnantian Stage. It is conduded that the mass extinction is related to the ending of maximum glaciation and ice cap melting in Gondwana in the southern hemisphere in the latest Hirnantian, resulting in rapid global sea-level rise in the earliest Silurian. In the Upper Yangtze Basin, the sea bottom environments were replaced by anoxic and warmer water during that time, so that the cool-water type rugosan became extinct. The present paper attempts to revise some already described rugose coral genera and species （He, 1978, 1985） and to supplement a few new forms from the Guanyinqiao Bed. Fourteen species of 12 genera are re-described and illustrated, of which one species- Grewingkia latifossulata is new. As a whole, the rugosan fauna of the Guanyinqiao Bed may be correlated with those contemporaneous of North Europe, Estonia and North America, indicating a dose biogeographic affinity to North Europe.展开更多
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are major public health issues globally over the past few decades. Despite dietary interventions, lifestyle modifications and the availability of several pharmaceutical agent...Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are major public health issues globally over the past few decades. Despite dietary interventions, lifestyle modifications and the availability of several pharmaceutical agents, management of T2 DM with obesity is a major challenge to clinicians. Metabolic surgery is emerging as a promising treatment option for the management of T2 DM in the obese population in recent years. Several observational studies and a few randomised controlled trials have shown clear benefits of various bariatric procedures in obese individuals in terms of improvement or remission of T2 DM and multiple other health benefits such as improvement of hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Uncertainties about the long-term implications of metabolic surgery such as relapse of T2 DM after initial remission, nutritional and psychosocial complications and the optimal body mass index for different ethnic groups exist. The article discusses the major paradigm shift in recent years in the management of T2 DM after the introduction of metabolic surgery.展开更多
The fundamental principle for differentiating water masses is a strict consideration of their relative "interior homogeneity" and obvious "exterior differences" with others in characteristics. The ...The fundamental principle for differentiating water masses is a strict consideration of their relative "interior homogeneity" and obvious "exterior differences" with others in characteristics. The conceptions of water type, water mass and water system are dealt with on the basis of the theory of fuzzy sets. A proposal to apply the theory of fuzzy sets to define the water mass and its core, independent area, boundary and mixing area is put forward.As an example, the membership function of the surface water masses in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in August, 1979, are considered. Their cores, independent areas, boundaries, mixing areas and the approximation degrees between different water masses are calculated respectively. The water masses are ranged according to their fuzzy degrees.展开更多
Winter synoptic conditions that produce snowfall with bitterly cold temperatures create both social and economic hazards in the capital city of Albany, NY. Sometimes these systems are forecasted in error to produce ra...Winter synoptic conditions that produce snowfall with bitterly cold temperatures create both social and economic hazards in the capital city of Albany, NY. Sometimes these systems are forecasted in error to produce rain or mixed precipitation. It is beneficial for meteorologists to better understand the commonly used 5400 and 1300 GPM line to better forecast rain versus snow events. Other studies have looked into the use of the 5400 GPM (540 dm) line but none have assessed the validity of this boundary with respect to weather type characterization at Albany. This study aims to determine the reliability of the widely referenced guides for depicting the rain-snow line, and improve forecast aids for the vertical atmosphere during winter precipitation events. The mean daily 500, 850, 925 and 1000 mb heights and weather type frequency of the Spatial Synoptic Classification between November and March of 1980 - 2012 are analyzed. Results indicate that the standard vertical boundaries are inaccurate indicators of a rain versus snow event in Albany. More reasonable rain-snow cut offs for the 1000 - 500 and 1000 - 850 mb thicknesses are 5222 and 1262 GPM. For the 1000 - 925 mb level, 606 GPM is a helpful aid of identifying the rain-snow boundary. Further scrutinizing by weather type indicates that the rain-snow boundary also varies depending on what air mass/weather type is present on a given day. For instance, when the most prominent weather type is observed over Albany (Dry Polar), at the 1000 - 850 mb and 1000 - 500 mb layers, a boundary of 1242 GPM and 5152 GPM is found to be most representative. Results indicate only for the rarest of winter weather types observed over Albany, Moist Tropical, are the standard cut offs useful. Determining the reliability of this precipitation indicator at a specific station, like Albany, could enable meteorologists in other regions of the country to draw parallels between weather type, precipitation, and thickness in their forecast zones.展开更多
目的了解中老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者少肌性肥胖(sarcopenic obesity,SO)患病率及不同诊断方法之间的一致性。方法采用系统随机抽样法选取2016年1月至2018年3月于北京地区9家医院内分泌科就诊的≥50岁T2DM患者...目的了解中老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者少肌性肥胖(sarcopenic obesity,SO)患病率及不同诊断方法之间的一致性。方法采用系统随机抽样法选取2016年1月至2018年3月于北京地区9家医院内分泌科就诊的≥50岁T2DM患者,使用生物阻抗法进行身体成分检测;根据2022年欧洲临床营养与代谢学会(European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,ESPEN)和欧洲肥胖研究协会(European Association for the Study of Obesity,EASO)方法定义SO,另外3种方法通过肌少症和肥胖的组合进行诊断。肌少症使用2019年亚洲肌少症工作组(Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia,AWGS)建立的标准来定义,肥胖通过体脂(percent of body fat,PBF)、腰围(waist circumference,WC)和体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)来定义。卡方检验进行率的比较,Cohens kappa统计分析比较4种方法的诊断一致性。结果共纳入1125例T2DM受试者,男性586例,年龄[61.2(55.3,67.4)]岁;女性539例,年龄[62.0(56.3,68.1)岁]。使用ESPEN/EASO共识、AWGS+PBF、AWGS+WC和AWGS+BMI标准,中老年T2DM患者SO患病率分别为41.6%、20.4%、30.1%和18.8%。4种方法之间的诊断一致性存在异质性(κ:0.109~0.655)。ESPEN/EASO共识与AWGS+PBF诊断一致性良好(κ:0.655),AWGS+体脂与AWGS+BMI诊断一致性良好(κ:0.637),AWGS+WC与AWGS+BMI(κ:0.359)、与AWGS+PBF诊断一致性中等(κ:0.330)。结论中老年T2DM患者SO患病率高,患病率和诊断一致性在不同诊断方法中存在差异,ESPEN/EASO的共识诊断率最高,AWGS+BMI诊断率最低,ESPEN/EASO共识与AWGS+体脂具有良好的诊断一致性。展开更多
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery（RYGB） has been demonstrated to be successful for treating type-II diabetes2mellitus（T2DM） patients with a body mass index（BMI）,30 kg/m,but reports of RYGB for T2 DM patients with...Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery（RYGB） has been demonstrated to be successful for treating type-II diabetes2mellitus（T2DM） patients with a body mass index（BMI）,30 kg/m,but reports of RYGB for T2 DM patients with22 a BMI,28 kg/mare lacking.T2 DM patients with a BMI,28 kg/mwere prospectively recruited to participate in this study in four hospitals.The endpoint was T2 DM remission（defined by fasting blood glucose（FBG） level,110 mg/d L and hemoglobin（Hb）A1c level,6.0% at 12 months postoperatively）.Predictors of remission were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses.Eighty-six patients were assessed.Eighty-five patients underwent RYGB,with one conversion to open surgery.We compared the values of various variables before and after2 surgery.The mean BMI decreased from 24.68±2.12 to 21.72±2.43 kg/m（P,0.001）.Fifty-eight（67.4%） patients were not treated by drugs or insulin after surgery,and 20 patients（23.3%） had complete remission of T2 DM at12 months after surgery with an acceptable number of complications.The mean Hb A1 c level in the remission group was significantly lower than that in the non-remission group.Patients with a higher weight,lower Hb A1 c level,higher C-peptide level,and higher FBG level were more likely to have T2 DM remission in multivariate2 analyses.In conclusion,RYGB was effective and safe for treating T2 DM patients with a BMI,28 kg/m.Complete remission can be predicted by cases having a higher weight,lower Hb A1 c level,higher C-peptide level,and higher FBG level.展开更多
A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-...A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.展开更多
文摘Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it causes more cancer-related deaths than the next four causes （breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer） of cancer-related mortality combined （1）. About 30% of people have already progressed to stage III lung cancer and 40% to stage IV at the time they are diagnosed （2）. Although chest X-ray and sputum cytology, when applied in health check-ups, can identify some relatively small tumors, they are not able to lower the overall mortality （3）. More recently,
文摘Obesity is included in the definition of metabolic syndrome. However, there are many controversies surrounding the evaluation of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the definition of metabolic syndrome among various populations. To understand precisely how various anthropometric indices of obesity influence metabolic parameters, we studied the correlations of BMI, WC (Japanese criteria), WC (IDF criteria), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and the VFA/SFA ratio with metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. The influences of BMI and WC on diastolic blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol were larger than VFA, whereas the influences of visceral fat area on triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were larger than BMI and WC. WC (IDF) was the strongest determinant of adiponectin among anthropometric indices. Present study showed significant different associations of BMI, Japan- and IDF-defined WC, VFA, SFA and the VFA/SFA ratio with blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and adipocytokines in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’s thus presented as an independent risk factor for bone fragility with a considerable fracture risk relating to many more or less intricate parameters. The general objective of our study is to assess bone mass during type 2 diabetes in Senegalese women. <strong>Methodology:</strong> We had carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected on the basis of a questionnaire. Then each of the subjects had undergone a complete clinical examination followed by a blood sample for a biological assessment of certain cardiovascular risk factors. Bone mass was measured using a bio-impedancemeter. <strong>Results:</strong> We recruited 88 women with type 2 diabetes and 83 healthy control women. The mean age of diabetic subjects was 52.7 years ± 6.8 (with extremes of 39 and 74 years). In control, the mean age was 51.0 ± 8.5 years (with extremes of 35 and 72 years). Among the diabetic subjects, 22 subjects or 25% practiced a regular walk against 27 (32.5%) in the control. Forty-three among the diabetic subjects (48.8%) were known hypertensive and followed. According to the body mass index, 71 patients (80.7%) were overweight compared to 59 (71.1%) controls. According to the waist size, 80 (90.9%) diabetic subjects had an elevated waist size compared to 69 control women (83.1%). Among diabetic subjects, 41 patients (46.5%) were hyperglycemic imbalance according to fasting blood glucose and 59 patients (67%) according to glycated hemoglobin level. Thirty-seven diabetics (42%), had both high fasting blood glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.68 ± 7.18 years. We found significantly higher bone mass in type 2 diabetic subjects (p = 0.03). Among diabetics, 27.3% had low bone mass compared to 36.1% of control. It’s noted that the subjects of the “low bone mass” group among the control subjects also have a significant drop in other anthropometric parameters (weight, body mass index, waist size, muscle mass). It should also be noted that the fat mass is significantly higher in diabetic subjects with normal or even high bone mass. In control subjects, bone mass was positively correlated with weight (r = 0.36;p = 0.001), muscle mass (r = 0.93;p < 0.0001) and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.26;p = 0.02);and negatively correlate with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04). On the other hand, in type 2 diabetic subjects, bone mass is positively correlated with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04), muscle mass (r = 0.89;p < 0.0001) and the diabetes duration (r = 0.44;p = 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bone mass is higher in type 2 diabetics compared to healthy controls. Chronic hyperglycemia and the diabetes duration are believed to be responsible for the increase in bone mass. In addition, an increase in muscle mass would lead to an increase in bone mass.
基金supported by the grants to JM from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30872165)the Beijing Key Science and Technology Program (D08050700320801) from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission+2 种基金the Beijing Health System Leading Scientist Program (2009‐1‐08) from the Beijing Health Bureauby a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to KC (#77532)FRSQ‐NSFC Québec‐China exchange program (KC),and KC holds a Canada Research Chair in Adipose Tissue
文摘Objective To explore the role of adipokines including insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, acylation stimulating protein （ASP） and complement C3 （C3） in various types of obesity （peripheral obesity, abdominal obesity and mixed obesity） in Chinese children and adolescents, and their relationships with body size and pubertal development. Methods Children and adolescents （n=3 508） aged 6 to 18 years, with 1 788 boys and 1 720 girls were assessed for body mass index, waist circumference, pubertal development, blood insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, ASP and C3 levels. Three types of obesity [peripheral obesity （n=43）, abdominal obesity （n=473）, mixed obesity （n=1 187）] and non‐obese control （n=1 805） were defined with combined use of Chinese body mass index and waist circumference criteria. Results Serum resistin, leptin and adiponectin levels were higher in girls than those in boys （all P0.01）. Insulin and leptin increased and adiponectin decreased across five Tanner stages in both girls and boys （all P0.001）, while ASP changed only in girls （P0.001） and C3 only in boys （P0.001）. Insulin, leptin and ASP were higher, but adiponectin was lower in all three types of obesity vs. the non‐obese control （all P0.05）. The greatest abnormalities of all six adipokines were found in the mixed obesity group. With inclusion of body mass index and waist circumference in simultaneous regression analyses, both body size indices were independently and significantly correlated with insulin, leptin and adiponectin after age and gender adjustment. Compared with waist circumference, the body mass index was stronger in interpreting insulin, leptin, adiponectin and ASP levels, whereas it was weaker in explaining variance of plasma C3. Conclusions Obese children have a worse metabolic profile with high insulin, resistin, leptin, ASP and C3, and low adiponectin levels. The adipokine profile in mixed obesity is worse than that in peripheral or abdominal obesity. Identification of obese subjects with a malignant adipokine profile using a combination of body mass index and waist circumference is important for the prevention of obesity‐related disease.
文摘BACKGROUND The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity is referred to as sarcopenic obesity(SO)and it has been hypothesized that the two components of SO may synergistically increase their negative effects. However, many uncertainties still surround this condition especially with regard to its potential negative effects on health outcomes.AIM To conduct a systematic review to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among adults with overweight and obesity and to investigate whether SO was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes(T2 D).METHODS This study was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development and quality appraisal were performed independently by two authors and the data were collated by means of metaanalysis and narrative synthesis.RESULTS Of the 606 articles retrieved, 11 studies that comprised a total of 60118 adults with overweight and obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, the overall prevalence of sarcopenia is 43% in females and 42% in males who are with overweight and obesity.Secondly, the presence of SO increases the risk of T2D by 38% with respect to those without SO(OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.27-1.50).CONCLUSION A high prevalence of sarcopenia has been found among adults with overweight and obesity regardless of their gender and this condition seems to be associatedwith a higher risk of T2D. Clinician should be aware of this scenario in their clinical practice for the better management of both obesity and T2D.
基金supported by grants from the Educational Bureau of Hubei,China (No. Q20092403,and No.B20082405)
文摘The changes of plasma myostatin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2D) and their clinical correlation were investigated.We recruited 43 T2D patients and 20 age-matched healthy subjects.Plasma myostatin,lipid and glucose,and serum insulin were determined.T2D patients showed significantly higher fasting plasma glucose(FPG),serum insulin and triglyceride levels,and lower high-density lipoprotein levels than normal control subjects(P<0.01).Mean plasma myostatin level in T2D patients and health controls was(66.5±17.8) and(46.2±13.8) ng/mL,respectively.An unpaired t test showed that the increase of myostatin in the T2D patients was significant(P<0.001).In both healthy control and T2D groups,the female subjects showed higher myostatin levels than the male subjects.In the T2D patients,plasma level of myostatin was negatively correlated with body mass index(BMI,r=-0.42,P<0.01) and FPG(r=-0.51,P<0.01),but positively correlated with insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR,r=0.48,P<0.01).Up-regulation of plasma myostatin in the T2D patients and its correlation with BMI,FPG and blood insulin sensitivity suggests that plasma myostatin may be implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and thus presented as a therapeutic target for treating the disease.Furthermore,circulating myostatin levels may be used as a biomarker for the disease.
文摘We theoretically investigate the emission spectrum for a A-type three-level atom trapped in the node of a standing wave. We show that the atomic center-of-mass motion not only directly affects the peak number, peak position, and peak height in the atomic emission spectrum, but also influences the effects of the cavity field and the atomic initial state on atomic emission spectrum.
文摘The rugosan fauna from the Guanyinqiao Bed （latest Ordovician, Hirnantian） of northern Guizhou, China is known to belong to the cold or cool-water type corals. The components of the fauna are solitary corals only, and corallite septa are generally strongly dilated, especially the streptelasmatid corals are dominant comprising 98% of the whole fauna. The Guanyinqiao Bed is rich in rugosans of 18 genera, which are streptelasnmtid Streptelasma （=Helicelasma）, Brachyelasma, Amplexobrachyelasma, Salvadorea, Grewingkia, Borelasma, CrassUasma, Leolasma, KenophyUum, UUernelasma, Paramplexoides, Siphonolasma, Pycnactoides, Dalmanophyllum, Bodophyllum, Axiphoria, Lambeophyllum and cystiphyllid Sinkiangolasma. Although this fauna was fairly abundant in a confined area （northern-northeastern Guizhou, southern Sichuan） during the Hirnantian age, the rugosan mass extinction （generic extinction rate 81%） happened at the end of the Hirnantian Stage. It is conduded that the mass extinction is related to the ending of maximum glaciation and ice cap melting in Gondwana in the southern hemisphere in the latest Hirnantian, resulting in rapid global sea-level rise in the earliest Silurian. In the Upper Yangtze Basin, the sea bottom environments were replaced by anoxic and warmer water during that time, so that the cool-water type rugosan became extinct. The present paper attempts to revise some already described rugose coral genera and species （He, 1978, 1985） and to supplement a few new forms from the Guanyinqiao Bed. Fourteen species of 12 genera are re-described and illustrated, of which one species- Grewingkia latifossulata is new. As a whole, the rugosan fauna of the Guanyinqiao Bed may be correlated with those contemporaneous of North Europe, Estonia and North America, indicating a dose biogeographic affinity to North Europe.
文摘Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are major public health issues globally over the past few decades. Despite dietary interventions, lifestyle modifications and the availability of several pharmaceutical agents, management of T2 DM with obesity is a major challenge to clinicians. Metabolic surgery is emerging as a promising treatment option for the management of T2 DM in the obese population in recent years. Several observational studies and a few randomised controlled trials have shown clear benefits of various bariatric procedures in obese individuals in terms of improvement or remission of T2 DM and multiple other health benefits such as improvement of hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Uncertainties about the long-term implications of metabolic surgery such as relapse of T2 DM after initial remission, nutritional and psychosocial complications and the optimal body mass index for different ethnic groups exist. The article discusses the major paradigm shift in recent years in the management of T2 DM after the introduction of metabolic surgery.
文摘The fundamental principle for differentiating water masses is a strict consideration of their relative "interior homogeneity" and obvious "exterior differences" with others in characteristics. The conceptions of water type, water mass and water system are dealt with on the basis of the theory of fuzzy sets. A proposal to apply the theory of fuzzy sets to define the water mass and its core, independent area, boundary and mixing area is put forward.As an example, the membership function of the surface water masses in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in August, 1979, are considered. Their cores, independent areas, boundaries, mixing areas and the approximation degrees between different water masses are calculated respectively. The water masses are ranged according to their fuzzy degrees.
文摘Winter synoptic conditions that produce snowfall with bitterly cold temperatures create both social and economic hazards in the capital city of Albany, NY. Sometimes these systems are forecasted in error to produce rain or mixed precipitation. It is beneficial for meteorologists to better understand the commonly used 5400 and 1300 GPM line to better forecast rain versus snow events. Other studies have looked into the use of the 5400 GPM (540 dm) line but none have assessed the validity of this boundary with respect to weather type characterization at Albany. This study aims to determine the reliability of the widely referenced guides for depicting the rain-snow line, and improve forecast aids for the vertical atmosphere during winter precipitation events. The mean daily 500, 850, 925 and 1000 mb heights and weather type frequency of the Spatial Synoptic Classification between November and March of 1980 - 2012 are analyzed. Results indicate that the standard vertical boundaries are inaccurate indicators of a rain versus snow event in Albany. More reasonable rain-snow cut offs for the 1000 - 500 and 1000 - 850 mb thicknesses are 5222 and 1262 GPM. For the 1000 - 925 mb level, 606 GPM is a helpful aid of identifying the rain-snow boundary. Further scrutinizing by weather type indicates that the rain-snow boundary also varies depending on what air mass/weather type is present on a given day. For instance, when the most prominent weather type is observed over Albany (Dry Polar), at the 1000 - 850 mb and 1000 - 500 mb layers, a boundary of 1242 GPM and 5152 GPM is found to be most representative. Results indicate only for the rarest of winter weather types observed over Albany, Moist Tropical, are the standard cut offs useful. Determining the reliability of this precipitation indicator at a specific station, like Albany, could enable meteorologists in other regions of the country to draw parallels between weather type, precipitation, and thickness in their forecast zones.
文摘目的了解终末期肾病维持性血透(maintained hemodialysis,MHD)患者血浆B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平以及营养状况与BNP水平的关系。方法采用横断面研究,纳入符合观察条件的MHD患者116例。测量身高、体质量、上臂围、小腿围、握力等,免疫发光法检测血浆BNP水平,生物电阻抗分析法测量骨骼肌质量指数(skeletal muscle mass index,SMI),多元线性回归分析血浆BNP水平的影响因素。结果MHD患者中位血浆BNP水平为250.5(107.3,491.5)pg/mL。血浆BNP水平与年龄呈正相关(P<0.05);与细胞内水分、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、上臂围、小腿围、握力、骨骼肌质量指数、血红蛋白、血清总胆固醇呈负相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,BMI、血红蛋白、年龄、血清总胆固醇水平是MHD患者血浆BNP水平的独立影响因素(β=-0.299,P<0.001;β=-0.283,P=0.001;β=0.242,P=0.005;β=-0.187,P=0.030)。结论MHD患者血浆BNP水平高于普通人群,较低的BMI、血红蛋白和血清总胆固醇水平与较高的血浆BNP水平有关。
文摘目的了解中老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者少肌性肥胖(sarcopenic obesity,SO)患病率及不同诊断方法之间的一致性。方法采用系统随机抽样法选取2016年1月至2018年3月于北京地区9家医院内分泌科就诊的≥50岁T2DM患者,使用生物阻抗法进行身体成分检测;根据2022年欧洲临床营养与代谢学会(European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,ESPEN)和欧洲肥胖研究协会(European Association for the Study of Obesity,EASO)方法定义SO,另外3种方法通过肌少症和肥胖的组合进行诊断。肌少症使用2019年亚洲肌少症工作组(Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia,AWGS)建立的标准来定义,肥胖通过体脂(percent of body fat,PBF)、腰围(waist circumference,WC)和体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)来定义。卡方检验进行率的比较,Cohens kappa统计分析比较4种方法的诊断一致性。结果共纳入1125例T2DM受试者,男性586例,年龄[61.2(55.3,67.4)]岁;女性539例,年龄[62.0(56.3,68.1)岁]。使用ESPEN/EASO共识、AWGS+PBF、AWGS+WC和AWGS+BMI标准,中老年T2DM患者SO患病率分别为41.6%、20.4%、30.1%和18.8%。4种方法之间的诊断一致性存在异质性(κ:0.109~0.655)。ESPEN/EASO共识与AWGS+PBF诊断一致性良好(κ:0.655),AWGS+体脂与AWGS+BMI诊断一致性良好(κ:0.637),AWGS+WC与AWGS+BMI(κ:0.359)、与AWGS+PBF诊断一致性中等(κ:0.330)。结论中老年T2DM患者SO患病率高,患病率和诊断一致性在不同诊断方法中存在差异,ESPEN/EASO的共识诊断率最高,AWGS+BMI诊断率最低,ESPEN/EASO共识与AWGS+体脂具有良好的诊断一致性。
文摘Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery（RYGB） has been demonstrated to be successful for treating type-II diabetes2mellitus（T2DM） patients with a body mass index（BMI）,30 kg/m,but reports of RYGB for T2 DM patients with22 a BMI,28 kg/mare lacking.T2 DM patients with a BMI,28 kg/mwere prospectively recruited to participate in this study in four hospitals.The endpoint was T2 DM remission（defined by fasting blood glucose（FBG） level,110 mg/d L and hemoglobin（Hb）A1c level,6.0% at 12 months postoperatively）.Predictors of remission were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses.Eighty-six patients were assessed.Eighty-five patients underwent RYGB,with one conversion to open surgery.We compared the values of various variables before and after2 surgery.The mean BMI decreased from 24.68±2.12 to 21.72±2.43 kg/m（P,0.001）.Fifty-eight（67.4%） patients were not treated by drugs or insulin after surgery,and 20 patients（23.3%） had complete remission of T2 DM at12 months after surgery with an acceptable number of complications.The mean Hb A1 c level in the remission group was significantly lower than that in the non-remission group.Patients with a higher weight,lower Hb A1 c level,higher C-peptide level,and higher FBG level were more likely to have T2 DM remission in multivariate2 analyses.In conclusion,RYGB was effective and safe for treating T2 DM patients with a BMI,28 kg/m.Complete remission can be predicted by cases having a higher weight,lower Hb A1 c level,higher C-peptide level,and higher FBG level.
文摘A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.
