In this paper, we conduct research on major factors that influence the consumer psychology in marketing process. In marketing system, customer relationship management mainly summarized as： the purpose of the enterpri...In this paper, we conduct research on major factors that influence the consumer psychology in marketing process. In marketing system, customer relationship management mainly summarized as： the purpose of the enterprise with the high quality products, fast and perfect service to attract new customers, maintain the good relationship between good and old customers. Many enterprises in the market in China in the process of economic transition has begun to attach importance to marketing strategic planning, but truly strategic decision making and planning is one of the few. Most enterprise pays attention to raise the level of the sales growth and profits in the eye of little concern for the future market of possession and the actual position in the market. Under this background, we propose the consumer psychology related research in this paper for enhancement.展开更多
This study was carried out a fresh meat immediately after slaughter and a marketed processed cattlemeat (sausage and minced meat). A total of 530 meat samples were examined for the presence of Cl. perfringens, 423 wer...This study was carried out a fresh meat immediately after slaughter and a marketed processed cattlemeat (sausage and minced meat). A total of 530 meat samples were examined for the presence of Cl. perfringens, 423 were from fresh meat obtained immediately after slaughtering (108 cattle meat, 101 sheep meat, 100 camel meat and 114 buffaloe meat) and 107 processed meat (57 from sausage and 50 from minced meat). Cl. perfringens was isolated from 204 (48.2%) of fresh meat samples, 61 (56.5%) from cattle, 53 (52.5%) from sheep meat, 45 (45%) from camel meat and 45 (39.5%) from buffaloe meat. The isolation rate of Cl. perfringens was higher in processed meat, it was isolated from 68 (63.6%) of which 45 (78.9%) from sausage and 23 (46%) in minced meat. The processed meat was found to harbour higher viable count ranging between 4 × 102 - 7 × 106 Cl. perfringens cells/gm meat than that Fresh meat in which the number ranged from 102:5 × 106 cells/gm meat. Typing of isolated strains revealed that the majority of it was of Cl. perfringens type A, 2 of type B, 3 of type C and one type D. Sixty strains of Cl. perfringens type A were randomized and tested for heat resistance at 100℃ and the results were recorded. Production of enterotoxin by 10 strains of Cl. perfringens was performed by ligated ileal loop test in rabbits. It was done by injection of whole culture in skimmed milk, cell extracts and concentrated culture filtrates of the organism in the ileal ligated loop of rabbits and the results were recorded.展开更多
This study investigated the groundwater quality and health risks associated with informal e-waste processing in the Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria. Twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from hand...This study investigated the groundwater quality and health risks associated with informal e-waste processing in the Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria. Twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells in the market area and analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. The results showed that the groundwater quality was poor, with high levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, lead, and chromium. The health index (HI) for children and adults was above the tolerable threshold levels, indicating a potential health risk to the population. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify the sources of metals in groundwater, and the results showed that informal e-waste processing was a significant source of contamination. The study highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the potential health risks associated with informal e-waste processing and ensure public health and environmental safety.展开更多
In this paper the insurer＇s solvency ratio model with or without jump diffusion process in the presence of financial distress cost is constructed, where an insurer＇s solvency ratio is characterized by a Markov-modul...In this paper the insurer＇s solvency ratio model with or without jump diffusion process in the presence of financial distress cost is constructed, where an insurer＇s solvency ratio is characterized by a Markov-modulated dynamics. By Girsanov＇s theorem and the option pricing formula, the expected present value of shareholders＇ terminal payoff is provided.展开更多
In 2017,both the planting area and yield of the citrus in Hunan Province increased,but some production areas suffered decline in yield due to abnormal climate. The sales price of citrus in the whole province increased...In 2017,both the planting area and yield of the citrus in Hunan Province increased,but some production areas suffered decline in yield due to abnormal climate. The sales price of citrus in the whole province increased compared with the previous year,and the sales progress was faster than the previous year. Due to the much increase of planting costs,the income of citrus growers declined. Therefore,it is recommended to promote the development of citrus industry in Hunan Province through strengthening the overall planning of the industry,consolidating the seed base,developing primary processing and deep processing,and enhancing brand building.展开更多
Developing trend and present situation on laser processing industry in China are mainly reviewed.The market analysis on laser processing systems are given,some new and rapidly developed laser processing systems are in...Developing trend and present situation on laser processing industry in China are mainly reviewed.The market analysis on laser processing systems are given,some new and rapidly developed laser processing systems are introduced.Finally,the paper also introduces some new kinds of laser systems and equipment.展开更多
China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation ex...China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China.It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts' opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of "high market compliance rate with low trading volume". The resource allocation capability of China's carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights.Generally, the development of China's pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms.Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction,increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.展开更多
This paper analyzes the aritrage free security markets and the general equilibrium existence problem for a stochastic economy with incomplete financial markets. Information structure is given by an event tree. This pa...This paper analyzes the aritrage free security markets and the general equilibrium existence problem for a stochastic economy with incomplete financial markets. Information structure is given by an event tree. This paper restricts attention to purely financial securities. It is assume that trading takes place in the sequence of spot markets and futures markets for securities payable in units of account. Unlimited short selling in securities is allowed. Financial markets may be incomplete: some consumption streams may be impossible to obtain by any trading strategy. Securities may be individually precluded from trade at arbitrary states and dates. The security price process is arbitrage free the dividend process if and only if there exists a stochstic state price (present value) process: the present value of the security prices at every vertex is the present value of their dividend and capital values over the set of immediate successors; the current value of each security at every vertex is the present value of its future dividend stream over all succeeding vertices. The existence of such an equilibrium is proved under the following condition: continuous, weakly convex, strictly monotone and complete preferences, strictly positive endowments and dividends processes.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on major factors that influence the consumer psychology in marketing process. In marketing system, customer relationship management mainly summarized as： the purpose of the enterprise with the high quality products, fast and perfect service to attract new customers, maintain the good relationship between good and old customers. Many enterprises in the market in China in the process of economic transition has begun to attach importance to marketing strategic planning, but truly strategic decision making and planning is one of the few. Most enterprise pays attention to raise the level of the sales growth and profits in the eye of little concern for the future market of possession and the actual position in the market. Under this background, we propose the consumer psychology related research in this paper for enhancement.
文摘This study was carried out a fresh meat immediately after slaughter and a marketed processed cattlemeat (sausage and minced meat). A total of 530 meat samples were examined for the presence of Cl. perfringens, 423 were from fresh meat obtained immediately after slaughtering (108 cattle meat, 101 sheep meat, 100 camel meat and 114 buffaloe meat) and 107 processed meat (57 from sausage and 50 from minced meat). Cl. perfringens was isolated from 204 (48.2%) of fresh meat samples, 61 (56.5%) from cattle, 53 (52.5%) from sheep meat, 45 (45%) from camel meat and 45 (39.5%) from buffaloe meat. The isolation rate of Cl. perfringens was higher in processed meat, it was isolated from 68 (63.6%) of which 45 (78.9%) from sausage and 23 (46%) in minced meat. The processed meat was found to harbour higher viable count ranging between 4 × 102 - 7 × 106 Cl. perfringens cells/gm meat than that Fresh meat in which the number ranged from 102:5 × 106 cells/gm meat. Typing of isolated strains revealed that the majority of it was of Cl. perfringens type A, 2 of type B, 3 of type C and one type D. Sixty strains of Cl. perfringens type A were randomized and tested for heat resistance at 100℃ and the results were recorded. Production of enterotoxin by 10 strains of Cl. perfringens was performed by ligated ileal loop test in rabbits. It was done by injection of whole culture in skimmed milk, cell extracts and concentrated culture filtrates of the organism in the ileal ligated loop of rabbits and the results were recorded.
文摘This study investigated the groundwater quality and health risks associated with informal e-waste processing in the Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria. Twenty-two groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells in the market area and analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. The results showed that the groundwater quality was poor, with high levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, lead, and chromium. The health index (HI) for children and adults was above the tolerable threshold levels, indicating a potential health risk to the population. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify the sources of metals in groundwater, and the results showed that informal e-waste processing was a significant source of contamination. The study highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the potential health risks associated with informal e-waste processing and ensure public health and environmental safety.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10671182)Anhui Natural Science Foundation (090416225)+1 种基金Anhui Natural Science Foundation of Universities (KJ2010A037, KJ2010B026)Anhui Natural Science Foundation (10040606Q03)
文摘In this paper the insurer＇s solvency ratio model with or without jump diffusion process in the presence of financial distress cost is constructed, where an insurer＇s solvency ratio is characterized by a Markov-modulated dynamics. By Girsanov＇s theorem and the option pricing formula, the expected present value of shareholders＇ terminal payoff is provided.
文摘In 2017,both the planting area and yield of the citrus in Hunan Province increased,but some production areas suffered decline in yield due to abnormal climate. The sales price of citrus in the whole province increased compared with the previous year,and the sales progress was faster than the previous year. Due to the much increase of planting costs,the income of citrus growers declined. Therefore,it is recommended to promote the development of citrus industry in Hunan Province through strengthening the overall planning of the industry,consolidating the seed base,developing primary processing and deep processing,and enhancing brand building.
文摘Developing trend and present situation on laser processing industry in China are mainly reviewed.The market analysis on laser processing systems are given,some new and rapidly developed laser processing systems are introduced.Finally,the paper also introduces some new kinds of laser systems and equipment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China "Modelling Carbon Price Drivers with Optimized Smart Methods"[Grant number:71101133]The key program of National Social Science Foundation of China "Research on the maturity of China's carbon market and environmental regulation policy"[Grant number:14AZD051]Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University "Carbon finance innovation-Research on the price formation mechanism of international carbon market"[Grant number:NCET-11-0725]
文摘China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China.It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts' opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of "high market compliance rate with low trading volume". The resource allocation capability of China's carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights.Generally, the development of China's pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms.Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction,increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.
文摘This paper analyzes the aritrage free security markets and the general equilibrium existence problem for a stochastic economy with incomplete financial markets. Information structure is given by an event tree. This paper restricts attention to purely financial securities. It is assume that trading takes place in the sequence of spot markets and futures markets for securities payable in units of account. Unlimited short selling in securities is allowed. Financial markets may be incomplete: some consumption streams may be impossible to obtain by any trading strategy. Securities may be individually precluded from trade at arbitrary states and dates. The security price process is arbitrage free the dividend process if and only if there exists a stochstic state price (present value) process: the present value of the security prices at every vertex is the present value of their dividend and capital values over the set of immediate successors; the current value of each security at every vertex is the present value of its future dividend stream over all succeeding vertices. The existence of such an equilibrium is proved under the following condition: continuous, weakly convex, strictly monotone and complete preferences, strictly positive endowments and dividends processes.
