Diabetic gastrointestinal neuropathy is a diabetes-related complication,associated with a complex interplay of hyperglycemic damage,autoimmune responses,oxidative stress,gastrointestinal hormones,and vascular insuffic...Diabetic gastrointestinal neuropathy is a diabetes-related complication,associated with a complex interplay of hyperglycemic damage,autoimmune responses,oxidative stress,gastrointestinal hormones,and vascular insufficiency.Patients with diabetes should be monitored and therapeutic intervention introduced to prevent neuropathy due to diabetes prior to“the point of no return”.Determining gastric bioelectrical activity by body surface gastric mapping may be a promising option to monitor diabetic gastrointestinal neuropathy.展开更多
A neutral density surface is a logical study frame for water-mass mixing since water parcels spread along such a surface without doing work against buoyancy restoring force. Mesoscale eddies are believed to stir and s...A neutral density surface is a logical study frame for water-mass mixing since water parcels spread along such a surface without doing work against buoyancy restoring force. Mesoscale eddies are believed to stir and subsequently mix predominantly along such surfaces. Because of the nonlinear nature of the equation of state of seawater, the process of accurately mapping a neutral density surface necessarily involves lateral computation from one conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) cast to the next in a logical sequence. By contrast, the depth of a potential density surface on any CTD cast is found solely from the data on this cast. The lateral calculation procedure causes a significant inconvenience. In a previous paper by present author published in this journal (You, 2006), the mapping of neutral density surfaces with regularly gridded data such as Levitus data has been introduced. In this note, I present a new method to find the depth of a neutral density surface from a cast without having to specify an integration path in space. An appropriate reference point is required that is on the neutral density surface and thereafter the neutral density surface can be de- termined by using the CTD casts in any order. This method is only approximate and the likely errors can be estimated by plotting a scatter diagram of all the pressures and potential temperatures on the neutral density surfaces. The method assumes that the variations of potential temperature and pressure (with respect to the values at the reference point) on the neutral density surface are proportional. It is important to select the most appropriate reference point in order to approximately satisfy this assumption, and in practice this is found by inspecting the θ-p plot of data on the surface. This may require that the algorithm be used twice. When the straight lines on the θ-p plot, drawn from the reference point to other points on the neutral density surface, enclose an area that is external to the clus- ter of θ-p points of the neutral density surface, errors will occur, and these errors can be quantified from this diagram. Examples showing the use of the method are presented for each of the world’s main oceans.展开更多
In this work, we investigated resistive switching behavior of CrO<sub>x</sub> thin films grown by using sputtering technique. Conventional I-V measurements obtained from Ag/CrO<sub>x</sub>/Pt/T...In this work, we investigated resistive switching behavior of CrO<sub>x</sub> thin films grown by using sputtering technique. Conventional I-V measurements obtained from Ag/CrO<sub>x</sub>/Pt/Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si structures depict the bipolar switching behavior, which is controlled by formation/dissolution processes of Ag conducting filaments through electrochemical redox reaction under external electric field driven. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) technique provides the valuable mapping images of existing Ag filaments at low resistance state as well as the characteristics of filament distributions and diameters. This study also reveals that where the higher amplitude of topography is, the easier possibility of forming conducting filament paths is on CrO<sub>x</sub> surface films.展开更多
Gastroparesis is a severe diabetic complication,caused by a progressive multifactorial enteric neuropathy.To make an early diagnosis in patients at risk of diabetic gastroparesis is crucial for slow down its progressi...Gastroparesis is a severe diabetic complication,caused by a progressive multifactorial enteric neuropathy.To make an early diagnosis in patients at risk of diabetic gastroparesis is crucial for slow down its progression towards full-blown disease source of further complications and requesting effective,but unsafe,drugs as well as invasive surgical treatments.This aim can be achieved by detecting its first signal represented by the gastric emptying(GE)delay,by using,among the tests to measure GE,the simple,safe,reliable,and easily available one,that is realtime ultrasonography,possibly done annually.Once the GE delay has been identified,it is necessary to evaluate with endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe or manometry whether it depends on pylorospasm,which should be treated by means of non-surgical endoscopic therapies.If,instead,it depends on initial gastropathy,detected by electrogastrograhic body surface gastric mapping,it should be treated with the safest prokinetic drugs and with the newly emerging treatments,thus distancing heavy medical and surgical treatments,while waiting for future solutions.展开更多
This review article commences with a comprehensive historical review of the evolution and application of various density surfaces in atmospheric and oceanic studies. The background provides a basis for the birth of th...This review article commences with a comprehensive historical review of the evolution and application of various density surfaces in atmospheric and oceanic studies. The background provides a basis for the birth of the neutral density idea. Attention is paid to the development of the neutral density surface concept from the nonlinearity of the equation of state of seawater. The definition and properties of neutral density surface are described in detail as developed from the equations of state of seawater and the buoyancy frequency when the squared buoyancy frequency N2 is zero, a neutral state of stability. In order to apply the neutral density surface to intermediate water-mass analysis, this review also describes in detail its practical oceanographic application. The mapping technique is focused for the first time on applying regularly gridded data in this review. It is reviewed how a backbone and ribs framework was designed to flesh out from a reference cast and first mapped the global neutral surfaces in the world’s oceans. Several mapped neutral density surfaces are presented as examples for each world ocean. The water-mass property is analyzed in each ocean at mid-depth. The characteristics of neutral density surfaces are compared with those of potential density surfaces.展开更多
Objectives To evaluate the anti- ischemic effect of ISDN on the patients with coronary heart disease . The change in the size of the defect area as percentage of the entire myocardium as determined by the unfolded sur...Objectives To evaluate the anti- ischemic effect of ISDN on the patients with coronary heart disease . The change in the size of the defect area as percentage of the entire myocardium as determined by the unfolded surface mapping between the baseline and after ISDN infusion reflects the anti-ischemic effect of ISDN. Methods and Results 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT images were acquired, and reconstruction of the bull's eye map and unfolded surface mapping were performed according to the dates of tomography images. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 30 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was 33.01 ± 5.35% at baseline, (28.9 ±5.23)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (22.06±5.58)% at baseline, (19.60±4.07)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 60 at baseline, 51 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 60 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip): at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (29.20±5.08)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (21.2 ± 5.49)% at baseline, (17.52±5.59)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 58 at baseline, 47 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 150 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (32.87 ±6.46)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (18.42± 5.17)% at baseline, (14.18±3.61)% after ISDN was infused (P< 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments was 64 at baseline, 41 after ISDN was infused. Conclusions The unfolded surface mapping of 99mTc- MIBI myocardial perfusion image can be used as a method of quantitatively evaluating the anti-ischemic effect of drugs and ISDN iv drip can improve the blood flow in myocardium (myocardium perfusion).展开更多
Objective To describe a new noncontact balloon catheter mapping system and to assess the clinical utility of this system for guiding endocardial mapping and ablation of tachycardia.Methods Five patients with tachycard...Objective To describe a new noncontact balloon catheter mapping system and to assess the clinical utility of this system for guiding endocardial mapping and ablation of tachycardia.Methods Five patients with tachycardia underwent endocardial mapping and radiofrequency ablation using the noncontact balloon catheter mapping system. A 9 French, 64-electrode balloon catheter and a conventional 7 French electrode catheter for mapping and ablation were positioned in the same ventricular chamber. Ventricular three-dimensional geometry was established by the computerized mapping system. Using a boundary element inverse solution, 3360 virtual endocardial electrograms were computerized and used to derive isopotential maps. The earliest endocardial activation site, the exit site and the activation sequence of tachycardia or the critical isthmus of the reentry circuit were identified. Radiofrequency ablation with circular or linear lesion was performed at the target sites guided by the locator system.Results Six clinical types of tachycardia, 5 of which were ventricular tachycardia and one was concealed fasciculoventricular fiber mediated tachycardia, were induced by programmed stimulation. The mean cycle length of these tachycardias was 336.6±42.69 msec. The earliest activation site and the exit site of 5 mapped tachycardias were all identified using the system. One type of ventricular tachycardia was hemodynamically unstable and difficult to terminate, and could not be mapped. Among the 6 types of tachycardias, radiofrequency ablation was successful in 4. There was no complication during and after the procedure. During the mean follow-up of 6 months, no tachycardia recurred in the patients with a successful ablation.Conclusions The noncontact mapping system described in this study has advantage over conventional mapping techniques for refractory tachycardia. It is not only helpful for understanding the electrophysiologic mechanism of a complex case, but also suitable for mapping hemodynamically-intolerated and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.展开更多
We carry out an analysis of the canonical system of a minimal complex surface S of general type with irregularity q > 0.Using this analysis,we are able to sharpen in the case q > 0 the well-known Castelnuovo ine...We carry out an analysis of the canonical system of a minimal complex surface S of general type with irregularity q > 0.Using this analysis,we are able to sharpen in the case q > 0 the well-known Castelnuovo inequality KS2≥3pg(S) + q(S)-7.Then we turn to the study of surfaces with pg=2q-3 and no fibration onto a curve of genus > 1.We prove that for q≥6 the canonical map is birational.Combining this result with the analysis of the canonical system,we also prove the inequality:KS2≥7χ(S) + 2.This improves an earlier result of Mendes Lopes and Pardini (2010).展开更多
The surface water in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP)region has undergone dramatic changes in recent decades.To capture dynamic surface water information,many satellite imagery-based methods have been proposed.However,...The surface water in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP)region has undergone dramatic changes in recent decades.To capture dynamic surface water information,many satellite imagery-based methods have been proposed.However,these methods are still limited in terms of automation and accuracy and thus prevent surface water dynamic studies in large-scale QTP regions.In this study,we developed a new fully automatic method for accurate surface water mapping by using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery and convolutional networks(ConvNets).Specifically,we built a new multiscale ConvNet structure to improve the model capability in surface water body extraction.Moreover,a gating mechanism is introduced to promote the efficient use of multiscale information.According to the accuracy assessment,the proposed gated multiscale ConvNet(GMNet)achieved the highest overall accuracy of 98.07%.We applied our GMNet for monthly surface water mapping on the QTP;accordingly,we found that the QTP region experienced significant surface waterfluctuations over one year.The surface water also showed distinct spatial heterogeneity on the QTP;that is,the surface water fraction of the Inner Tibetan Basin was significantly higher than that of the Mekong Basin in both the wet and dry seasons.展开更多
Let S be a minimal surface of general type with pg(S) = 0 and K_S^2= 4. Assume the bicanonical map ψ of S is a morphism of degree 4 such that the image of ψ is smooth. Then we prove that the surface S is a Burniat ...Let S be a minimal surface of general type with pg(S) = 0 and K_S^2= 4. Assume the bicanonical map ψ of S is a morphism of degree 4 such that the image of ψ is smooth. Then we prove that the surface S is a Burniat surface with K^2= 4 and of non nodal type.展开更多
文摘Diabetic gastrointestinal neuropathy is a diabetes-related complication,associated with a complex interplay of hyperglycemic damage,autoimmune responses,oxidative stress,gastrointestinal hormones,and vascular insufficiency.Patients with diabetes should be monitored and therapeutic intervention introduced to prevent neuropathy due to diabetes prior to“the point of no return”.Determining gastric bioelectrical activity by body surface gastric mapping may be a promising option to monitor diabetic gastrointestinal neuropathy.
文摘A neutral density surface is a logical study frame for water-mass mixing since water parcels spread along such a surface without doing work against buoyancy restoring force. Mesoscale eddies are believed to stir and subsequently mix predominantly along such surfaces. Because of the nonlinear nature of the equation of state of seawater, the process of accurately mapping a neutral density surface necessarily involves lateral computation from one conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) cast to the next in a logical sequence. By contrast, the depth of a potential density surface on any CTD cast is found solely from the data on this cast. The lateral calculation procedure causes a significant inconvenience. In a previous paper by present author published in this journal (You, 2006), the mapping of neutral density surfaces with regularly gridded data such as Levitus data has been introduced. In this note, I present a new method to find the depth of a neutral density surface from a cast without having to specify an integration path in space. An appropriate reference point is required that is on the neutral density surface and thereafter the neutral density surface can be de- termined by using the CTD casts in any order. This method is only approximate and the likely errors can be estimated by plotting a scatter diagram of all the pressures and potential temperatures on the neutral density surfaces. The method assumes that the variations of potential temperature and pressure (with respect to the values at the reference point) on the neutral density surface are proportional. It is important to select the most appropriate reference point in order to approximately satisfy this assumption, and in practice this is found by inspecting the θ-p plot of data on the surface. This may require that the algorithm be used twice. When the straight lines on the θ-p plot, drawn from the reference point to other points on the neutral density surface, enclose an area that is external to the clus- ter of θ-p points of the neutral density surface, errors will occur, and these errors can be quantified from this diagram. Examples showing the use of the method are presented for each of the world’s main oceans.
文摘In this work, we investigated resistive switching behavior of CrO<sub>x</sub> thin films grown by using sputtering technique. Conventional I-V measurements obtained from Ag/CrO<sub>x</sub>/Pt/Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si structures depict the bipolar switching behavior, which is controlled by formation/dissolution processes of Ag conducting filaments through electrochemical redox reaction under external electric field driven. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) technique provides the valuable mapping images of existing Ag filaments at low resistance state as well as the characteristics of filament distributions and diameters. This study also reveals that where the higher amplitude of topography is, the easier possibility of forming conducting filament paths is on CrO<sub>x</sub> surface films.
文摘Gastroparesis is a severe diabetic complication,caused by a progressive multifactorial enteric neuropathy.To make an early diagnosis in patients at risk of diabetic gastroparesis is crucial for slow down its progression towards full-blown disease source of further complications and requesting effective,but unsafe,drugs as well as invasive surgical treatments.This aim can be achieved by detecting its first signal represented by the gastric emptying(GE)delay,by using,among the tests to measure GE,the simple,safe,reliable,and easily available one,that is realtime ultrasonography,possibly done annually.Once the GE delay has been identified,it is necessary to evaluate with endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe or manometry whether it depends on pylorospasm,which should be treated by means of non-surgical endoscopic therapies.If,instead,it depends on initial gastropathy,detected by electrogastrograhic body surface gastric mapping,it should be treated with the safest prokinetic drugs and with the newly emerging treatments,thus distancing heavy medical and surgical treatments,while waiting for future solutions.
文摘This review article commences with a comprehensive historical review of the evolution and application of various density surfaces in atmospheric and oceanic studies. The background provides a basis for the birth of the neutral density idea. Attention is paid to the development of the neutral density surface concept from the nonlinearity of the equation of state of seawater. The definition and properties of neutral density surface are described in detail as developed from the equations of state of seawater and the buoyancy frequency when the squared buoyancy frequency N2 is zero, a neutral state of stability. In order to apply the neutral density surface to intermediate water-mass analysis, this review also describes in detail its practical oceanographic application. The mapping technique is focused for the first time on applying regularly gridded data in this review. It is reviewed how a backbone and ribs framework was designed to flesh out from a reference cast and first mapped the global neutral surfaces in the world’s oceans. Several mapped neutral density surfaces are presented as examples for each world ocean. The water-mass property is analyzed in each ocean at mid-depth. The characteristics of neutral density surfaces are compared with those of potential density surfaces.
文摘Objectives To evaluate the anti- ischemic effect of ISDN on the patients with coronary heart disease . The change in the size of the defect area as percentage of the entire myocardium as determined by the unfolded surface mapping between the baseline and after ISDN infusion reflects the anti-ischemic effect of ISDN. Methods and Results 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT images were acquired, and reconstruction of the bull's eye map and unfolded surface mapping were performed according to the dates of tomography images. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 30 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was 33.01 ± 5.35% at baseline, (28.9 ±5.23)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (22.06±5.58)% at baseline, (19.60±4.07)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 60 at baseline, 51 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 60 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip): at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (29.20±5.08)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (21.2 ± 5.49)% at baseline, (17.52±5.59)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 58 at baseline, 47 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 150 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (32.87 ±6.46)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (18.42± 5.17)% at baseline, (14.18±3.61)% after ISDN was infused (P< 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments was 64 at baseline, 41 after ISDN was infused. Conclusions The unfolded surface mapping of 99mTc- MIBI myocardial perfusion image can be used as a method of quantitatively evaluating the anti-ischemic effect of drugs and ISDN iv drip can improve the blood flow in myocardium (myocardium perfusion).
文摘Objective To describe a new noncontact balloon catheter mapping system and to assess the clinical utility of this system for guiding endocardial mapping and ablation of tachycardia.Methods Five patients with tachycardia underwent endocardial mapping and radiofrequency ablation using the noncontact balloon catheter mapping system. A 9 French, 64-electrode balloon catheter and a conventional 7 French electrode catheter for mapping and ablation were positioned in the same ventricular chamber. Ventricular three-dimensional geometry was established by the computerized mapping system. Using a boundary element inverse solution, 3360 virtual endocardial electrograms were computerized and used to derive isopotential maps. The earliest endocardial activation site, the exit site and the activation sequence of tachycardia or the critical isthmus of the reentry circuit were identified. Radiofrequency ablation with circular or linear lesion was performed at the target sites guided by the locator system.Results Six clinical types of tachycardia, 5 of which were ventricular tachycardia and one was concealed fasciculoventricular fiber mediated tachycardia, were induced by programmed stimulation. The mean cycle length of these tachycardias was 336.6±42.69 msec. The earliest activation site and the exit site of 5 mapped tachycardias were all identified using the system. One type of ventricular tachycardia was hemodynamically unstable and difficult to terminate, and could not be mapped. Among the 6 types of tachycardias, radiofrequency ablation was successful in 4. There was no complication during and after the procedure. During the mean follow-up of 6 months, no tachycardia recurred in the patients with a successful ablation.Conclusions The noncontact mapping system described in this study has advantage over conventional mapping techniques for refractory tachycardia. It is not only helpful for understanding the electrophysiologic mechanism of a complex case, but also suitable for mapping hemodynamically-intolerated and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.
基金supported by FCT (Portugal) through program POCTI/FEDER and Project PTDC/MAT/099275/2008by MIUR (Italy) through project PRIN 2007 "Spazi di moduli e teorie di Lie"
文摘We carry out an analysis of the canonical system of a minimal complex surface S of general type with irregularity q > 0.Using this analysis,we are able to sharpen in the case q > 0 the well-known Castelnuovo inequality KS2≥3pg(S) + q(S)-7.Then we turn to the study of surfaces with pg=2q-3 and no fibration onto a curve of genus > 1.We prove that for q≥6 the canonical map is birational.Combining this result with the analysis of the canonical system,we also prove the inequality:KS2≥7χ(S) + 2.This improves an earlier result of Mendes Lopes and Pardini (2010).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Proj No.42001351)..
文摘The surface water in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP)region has undergone dramatic changes in recent decades.To capture dynamic surface water information,many satellite imagery-based methods have been proposed.However,these methods are still limited in terms of automation and accuracy and thus prevent surface water dynamic studies in large-scale QTP regions.In this study,we developed a new fully automatic method for accurate surface water mapping by using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery and convolutional networks(ConvNets).Specifically,we built a new multiscale ConvNet structure to improve the model capability in surface water body extraction.Moreover,a gating mechanism is introduced to promote the efficient use of multiscale information.According to the accuracy assessment,the proposed gated multiscale ConvNet(GMNet)achieved the highest overall accuracy of 98.07%.We applied our GMNet for monthly surface water mapping on the QTP;accordingly,we found that the QTP region experienced significant surface waterfluctuations over one year.The surface water also showed distinct spatial heterogeneity on the QTP;that is,the surface water fraction of the Inner Tibetan Basin was significantly higher than that of the Mekong Basin in both the wet and dry seasons.
基金supported by Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences
文摘Let S be a minimal surface of general type with pg(S) = 0 and K_S^2= 4. Assume the bicanonical map ψ of S is a morphism of degree 4 such that the image of ψ is smooth. Then we prove that the surface S is a Burniat surface with K^2= 4 and of non nodal type.
