Increasing yield is one of the most important goals in crop breeding. Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）, one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops, provides the majority of plant proteins, and more t...Increasing yield is one of the most important goals in crop breeding. Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）, one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops, provides the majority of plant proteins, and more than a quarter of the world＇s food and animal feed （Graham and Vance, 2003）. The yield of soybean is finally determined by the number of seeds per unit area, which affected by many characters, such as height, branching number, photosynthesis, seed size, seed number. The number of seeds per pod is taken for one of the critical components that related to yield （You et al., 1995）.展开更多
A new scan matching method for mobile robot localization is presented, which takes line segment as the feature and matches the real scans in the given reference map by relationships of the directional-defined line seg...A new scan matching method for mobile robot localization is presented, which takes line segment as the feature and matches the real scans in the given reference map by relationships of the directional-defined line segments. The alignment was done by hierarchically identifying the multiple relationships and the result was recorded in a correspondence matrix, where the best match is defined and selected for localization. It is indicated that the searching algorithm of the best match can find the ambiguities and get rid of them. This method with less computational cost works well in occluded environment, and can correct the error in pose estimation without the need for the estimation itself. The efficiency, accuracy and robustness of this method were verified by experiments of localization in an occluded environment and a long-distance indoor navigation.展开更多
This work proposes a map-based control method to improve a vehicle's lateral stability, and the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional model-referenced control method. Model-r...This work proposes a map-based control method to improve a vehicle's lateral stability, and the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional model-referenced control method. Model-referenced control uses the sliding mode method to determine the compensated yaw moment; in contrast, the proposed map-based control uses the compensated yaw moment map acquired by vehicle stability analysis. The vehicle stability region is calculated by a topological method based on the trajectory reversal method. A 2-DOF vehicle model and Pacejka's tire model are used to evaluate the proposed map-based control method. The properties of model-referenced control and map-based control are compared under various road conditions and driving inputs. Model-referenced control uses a control input to satisfy the linear reference model, and it generates unnecessary tire lateral forces that may lead to worse performance than an uncontrolled vehicle with step steering input on a road with a low friction coefficient. However, map-based control determines a compensated yaw moment to maintain the vehicle within the stability region,so the typical responses of vehicle enable to converge rapidly. The simulation results with sine and step steering show that map-based control provides better the tracking responsibility and control performance than model-referenced control.展开更多
The performance of the speaker recognition system declines when training and testing audio codecs are mismatched. In this paper, based on analyzing the effect of mismatched audio codecs in the linear prediction cepstr...The performance of the speaker recognition system declines when training and testing audio codecs are mismatched. In this paper, based on analyzing the effect of mismatched audio codecs in the linear prediction cepstrum coefficients, a method of MAP-based audio coding compensation for speaker recognition is proposed. The proposed method firstly sets a standard codec as a reference and trains the speaker models in this codec format, then learns the deviation distributions between the standard codec format and the other ones, next gets the current bias via using a small number adaptive data and the MAP-based adaptive technique, and then adjusts the model parameters by the type of coming audio codec format and its related bias. During the test, the features of the coming speaker are used to match with the adjusted model. The experimental result shows that the accuracy reached 82.4% with just one second adaptive data, which is higher 5.5% than that in the baseline system.展开更多
Since the whole genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0) was published in 2 000, the focus of genomics study had turned from structural genomics to functional genomics era[1]. In the post genom...Since the whole genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0) was published in 2 000, the focus of genomics study had turned from structural genomics to functional genomics era[1]. In the post genomics era, mutants play an important role for gene function exploring. Therefore, acquiring various variants and studying on them are useful for understanding the mechanism of plant development and molecular design for plant breeding.展开更多
Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter for evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice besides amylose content (AC). The inheritance of the genes affecting GT has been widely studied and is co...Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter for evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice besides amylose content (AC). The inheritance of the genes affecting GT has been widely studied and is considered to be controlled by a major gene. Here, we report the map-based cloning of rice ALK that encodes the soluble starch synthase II (SSSII). Comparison between the DNA sequences from different rice varieties, together with the results obtained with digestion of the rice seeds in alkali solution, indicates that the base substitutions in coding se-quence of ALK may cause the alteration in GT.展开更多
IspH is a key enzyme in the last step of the methyI-D-erythritol-4-phosphate （MEP） pathway. Loss of function of IspH can often result in complete yellow or albino phenotype in many plants. Here, we report the charac...IspH is a key enzyme in the last step of the methyI-D-erythritol-4-phosphate （MEP） pathway. Loss of function of IspH can often result in complete yellow or albino phenotype in many plants. Here, we report the characterization of a recessive mutant of maize, zebra7 （zb7）, showing transverse green/yellow striped leaves in young plants. The yellow bands of the mutant have decreased levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids with delayed chloroplast development. Low temperature suppressed mutant phenotype, while alternate light/dark cycle or high temperature enlarged the yellow section. Map-based cloning demonstrated that zb7 encodes the IspH protein with a mis-sense mutation in a conserved region. Transgenic silencing of Zb7 in maize resulted in complete albino plantlets that are aborted in a few weeks, confirming that Zb7 is important in the early stages of maize chloroplast development. Zb7 is constitutively expressed and its expression subject to a 16-h light/8-h dark cycle regulation. Our results suggest that the less effective or unstable IspH in zb7 mutant, together with its diurnal expression, are mechanistically accounted for the zebra phenotype. The increased IspH mRNA in the leaves of zb7 at the late development stage may explain the restoration of mutant phenotype in mature stages.展开更多
In this article,we address the task of experimental evaluation of autonomous map-based navigation of a Boston Dynamics Spot quadruped robot in confined environments equipped with the developed autonomy package that in...In this article,we address the task of experimental evaluation of autonomous map-based navigation of a Boston Dynamics Spot quadruped robot in confined environments equipped with the developed autonomy package that incorporates a 3D lidar,an IMU,and an onboard computer.For that,we propose an integrated software and hardware system that is considered as an enabler for robot localization and risk-aware path planning,based on the known map.The system design itself is modular and incorporates the perception capabilities required for autonomous navigation.The Spot robot first is utilized to build the offline map of the environment by utilizing the Google Cartographer simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)package.During the next step,the online environmental information from the autonomy package sensors and the offline map are provided to the onboard computer to localize the robot on the known map by utilizing means provided by Cartographer.Finally,the occupancy information is provided to the online grid-based path planner that generates risk-aware paths.The extensive experimental evaluation of the proposed system is performed in corridors and SubT environments.展开更多
In this paper,a physical model of RIS of bistatic polarized radar cross section is derived starting from the Stratton-Chu equations under the assumptions of physical optics,PEC,far field and rectangular RIS element.In...In this paper,a physical model of RIS of bistatic polarized radar cross section is derived starting from the Stratton-Chu equations under the assumptions of physical optics,PEC,far field and rectangular RIS element.In the context of important physical characteristics of the backscattering polarization of RIS,the modeling of the RIS wireless channel requires a tradeoff between complexity and accuracy,as well as usability and simplicity.For channel modeling of RIS systems,RIS is modelled as multi-equivalent virtual base stations(BSs)induced by multi polarized electromagnetic waves from different incident directions.The comparison between test and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm effectively captures the key characteristics of the general RIS element polarization physical model and provides accurate results.展开更多
Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmenta...Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was isolated.The WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based cloning.The functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene editing.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher plants.The identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat development and grain yield.展开更多
The development and application of the small-grain rice sterile line Zhuo201S(Z201S)has demonstrated its potential for mechanized hybrid rice seed production,leading to significant cost reductions.However,the molecula...The development and application of the small-grain rice sterile line Zhuo201S(Z201S)has demonstrated its potential for mechanized hybrid rice seed production,leading to significant cost reductions.However,the molecular mechanism responsible for the small-grain size characteristic of Z201S remains unclear.In this study,we conducted a genetic analysis using near-isogenic lines constructed from Z210S,a small-grain rice sterile line,and R2115,a normal-grain variety.The results revealed that the small-grain trait in Z201S is governed by a single partially dominant gene which also enhances grain number.Through mapping,we localized the causal gene to the short arm of chromosome 2,within a 113 kb physical region delimited by the molecular markers S2-4-1 and LB63.Transgenic analysis and gene expression assays indicated LOC_Os02g14760 as the most likely candidate gene,suggesting that the small-grain size trait of Z201S is controlled by a novel locus that has not been previously identified.展开更多
The ast ( anthocyanin spotted testa) mutant, which was induced by carbon ion radiation, was a single recessive gene mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with spotted pigment in seed coats, and involved in the an...The ast ( anthocyanin spotted testa) mutant, which was induced by carbon ion radiation, was a single recessive gene mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with spotted pigment in seed coats, and involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. To clone the AST gene by map-based cloning strategy, a series of molecular markers were designed according to the SNPs (single nucleotide polymophisms) and insertion/deletion polymophisms in the Arabidopsis database. With these molecular markers, the fine-structure mapping of the AST gene was finished, the AST locus was located in BAC clone T13M11. It was suggested that the AST candidate gene was T13M11. 8 in the T13M11 This gene was 1432 bp long with 6 exons and 5 introns. The putative protein of T13M11. 8 gene was similar to dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which was an important enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.展开更多
Lesion mimic is necrotic lesions on plant leaf or stem in the absence of pathogenic infection, and its exact biological mechanism is varied. By a large-scale screening of our T-DNA mutant population, we identified a m...Lesion mimic is necrotic lesions on plant leaf or stem in the absence of pathogenic infection, and its exact biological mechanism is varied. By a large-scale screening of our T-DNA mutant population, we identified a mutant rice lesion initiation 1 （rlin1）, which was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. Map-based cloning revealed that RLIN1 encoded a putative coproporphyrinogen Ⅲ oxidase in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. Sequencing results showed that a G to T substitution occurred in the second exon of RLIN1 and led to a missense mutation from Asp to Tyr. Ectopic expression of RLIN1 could rescue rlin1 lesion mimic phenotype. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that lesion formation in rlin1 was light-dependent accompanied by reactive oxygen species accumulated. These results suggest that tetrapyrrole participates in lesion formation in rice.展开更多
Rice is the primary carbohydrate staple cereal feeding the world population. Many genes, known as quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, con- trol most of the agronomically important traits in rice. The identification of Q...Rice is the primary carbohydrate staple cereal feeding the world population. Many genes, known as quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, con- trol most of the agronomically important traits in rice. The identification of QTLs controlling agricultural traits is vital to increase yield and meet the needs of the increasing human population, but the progress met with challenges due to complex QTL inheritance. To date, many QTLs have been detected in rice, including those responsible for yield and grain quality; salt, drought and submergence tolerance; disease and insect resistance; and nutrient utilization efficiency. Map-based cloning techniques have enabled scientists to successfully fine map and clone approximately seventeen QTLs for several traits. Additional in-depth functional analyses and characterizations of these genes will provide valuable assistance in rice molecular breeding.展开更多
Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approa...Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approach to clone the major broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm CH1357 from wheat breeding line CH1357. Pm CH1357 was mapped to a 526 kb region containing only Traes CS5 D01 G044600. The Traes CS5 D01 G044600 sequence of the susceptibility allele in Taichung 29(TC29) was identical to that in Chinese Spring, whereas the sequence of the resistance allele in CH1357 was identical to Pm2a previously cloned from the germplasm Ulka/*8Cc. The susceptibility allele in TC29 contained a 7 bp deletion in exon 1, resulting in loss of 856 of the 1277 amino acids in the predicted nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing Pm2a protein.Pm CH1357/Pm2a sequence was also isolated from the Chinese wheat landraces and cultivars that were previously reported to possess the resistance gene Pm2b, Pm2c,PmLX66, or PmND399. The Pm CH1357/Pm2a resistance allele was present in 10 of 495 accessions in core germplasm and contemporary cultivars from China and the USA. A newly developed diagnostic marker for the 7 bp In Del in the resistance gene can be used to eliminate the susceptibility allele in wheat breeding programs.展开更多
A nuclear-encoded sigma(σ) factor is essential for the transcriptional regulation of plant chloroplastencoded genes. Five putative maize r factors have been identified by database searches, but their functions are un...A nuclear-encoded sigma(σ) factor is essential for the transcriptional regulation of plant chloroplastencoded genes. Five putative maize r factors have been identified by database searches, but their functions are unknown. We report a maize leaf color mutant etiolated/albino leaf 1(eal1) that was derived from space mutation breeding. The eal1 mutant displays etiolated or albino leaves that then gradually turn to normal green at the seedling stage. The changes in eal1 leaf color are associated with changes in photosynthetic pigment content and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning revealed that a single amino-acid deletion changing Val_(480)-Val_(481)-Val_(482) to Val_(480)-Val_(481), in the C-terminal domain σ_(4) of the putative σ factor ZmSig2A, is responsible for the eal1 mutation. In comparison with the expression level of the wild-type(WT) allele ZmSig2A^(+) in WT plants, much higher expression of the mutant allele ZmSig2A^(⊿V) in eal1 plants was detected before the eal1 plants turned to normal green. ZmSig2A shows the highest similarity to rice OsSig2A and Arabidopsis SIG2. Ectopic expression of ZmSig2A^(+) or ZmSig2A^(⊿V) driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S promoter rescued the pale green leaf of the sig2 mutant, but ectopic expression of ZmSig2A^(⊿V) driven by the SIG2 promoter did not. We propose that the Val deletion generated a new weak allele of ZmSig2A that cannot completely abolish the ZmSig2A function. Some genes involved in chloroplast development and photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes showed significant expression differences between eal1 and WT plants. We conclude that ZmSig2A encoding a r factor is essential for maize chloroplast development. The eal1 mutant with a weak allele of ZmSig2A represents a valuable genetic resource for investigating the regulation of ZmSig2A-mediated chloroplast development in maize.The eal1 mutation may be useful as a marker for early identification and elimination of false hybrids or transgene transmission in the application of genetic male sterility to commercial hybrid seed production.展开更多
Plant trichomes originate from epidermal cells.In this work,we demonstrated that a homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip)gene,Gh_A06G1283(Gh HD-1A),was related to the leaf trichome trait in allotetraploid cotton and could...Plant trichomes originate from epidermal cells.In this work,we demonstrated that a homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip)gene,Gh_A06G1283(Gh HD-1A),was related to the leaf trichome trait in allotetraploid cotton and could be a candidate gene for the T_1 locus.The ortholog of GhHD-1A in the hairless accession Gossypium barbadense cv.Hai7124 was interrupted by a long terminal repeat(LTR)retrotransposon,while GhHD-1A worked well in the hairy accession Gossypium hirsutum acc.T586.Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that GhHD-1A belonged to the HD-Zip IV gene family,which mainly regulated epidermis hair development in plants.Silencing of GhHD-1A and its homoeologs GhHD-1D in allotetraploid T586and Hai7124 could significantly reduce the density of leaf hairs and affect the expression levels of other genes related to leaf trichome formation.Further analysis found that GhHD-1A mainly regulated trichome initiation on the upper epidermal hairs of leaves in cotton,while the up-regulated expression of GhHD-1A in different organs/tissues also altered epidermal trichome development.This study not only helps to unravel the important roles of GhHD-1A in regulating trichome initiation in cotton,but also provides a reference for exploring the different forms of trichome development in plants.展开更多
We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping ...We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping and subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the ing mutant carries a large deletion, which corresponds to a 103 kb region in the Nipponbare genome, containing nine annotated genes on chromosome 3. Of these annotated genes, the SLR1 gene encoding a DELLA protein is the only one that is well characterized in its function, and its null mutation, which is caused by a single base deletion in the middle of the intronless SLR1 gene, confers a slender phenotype that bears close resemblance to the ing mutant phenotype. The primary cause of the ing mutant phenotype is the deletion of the SLR1 gene, and the ing mutant appears to be the first characterized mutant having the entire SLR1 sequence deleted. Our results also suggest that the deleted region of 103 kb does not contain an indispensable gene, whose dysfunction must result in a lethal phenotype.展开更多
Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that plav multiple roles in plant development.However,knowledge about the molecular mechanism of trichome development in rice is limited.In this study,a hairy leaf locus HL6SW...Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that plav multiple roles in plant development.However,knowledge about the molecular mechanism of trichome development in rice is limited.In this study,a hairy leaf locus HL6SWWR of rice variety Suwangwanger(SWWR)was identified by map-based cloning.Transgenic complementation and knock-out mutation demonstrated that HL6SWWR regulated trichomes on leaves and expression levels of HL6SWWR affected trichome elongation.Transgenic experiments of PROswwr:HL6nipand PROnip:HL6swwr indicated that the promoter and coding sequences of HL6swwr were indispensable for trichome regulation.Sequencing alignment of the promoter and coding regions of HL6 in 22 varieties showed that some c/s-binding elements in the promoter region may be related to trichome development,while no decisive variation was found in the coding sequence.Furthermore,RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that 1415 differential expression genes(DEGs)were detected in hl6SWWR mutant vs wild type and that 1010 DEGs were found in HL6SWWR complementary transgenic line vs wild type.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that most of the DEGs were involved in metabolite pathway,secondary metabolite biosynthesis,plant pathogen interaction and phytohormone signal transduction in both the two groups.The results indicated that these enhanced pathways are critical during trichome development in rice.Taken together,our results provided new views into the regulatory mechanism of trichome formation in rice.展开更多
Leaf-color mutants play an important role in the study of chlorophyll metabolism,chloroplast development,and photosynthesis system.In this study,the yellow leaf 1(yl1)rice mutant was identified from the ethyl methane ...Leaf-color mutants play an important role in the study of chlorophyll metabolism,chloroplast development,and photosynthesis system.In this study,the yellow leaf 1(yl1)rice mutant was identified from the ethyl methane sulfonate-treated mutant progeny of Lailong,a glutinous japonica rice landrace cultivated in Guizhou Province,China.Results showed that yl1 exhibited yellow leaves with decreased chlorophyll content throughout the growth period.Chloroplast development in the yl1 mutant was disrupted,and the grana lamellae was loosely packed and disordered.RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the chlorophyll synthesis-related genes OsCHLH,OsCHLM,OsCHLG,PORB,and YGL8,as well as the chloroplast development-related genes FtsZ,OsRpoTp,and RbcL,were down-regulated in the yl1 mutant.Genetic analysis revealed that the yellow leaf phenotype of yl1 was controlled by recessive nuclear gene.By employing the MutMap method,the mutation responsible for the phenotype was mapped to a 6.17 Mb region between 17.34 and 23.51 Mb on chromosome 3.Two non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)located in the gene locus LOC_Os03g31210 and LOC_Os03g36760 were detected in this region.The two SNPs were further confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing.The expression patterns of the two candidate genes indicated that LOC_Os03g36760 showed greater potential for functional verification.Subcellular protein localization revealed that the encoded product of LOC_Os03g36760 was localized in the nucleus,cytoplasm,and plasma membrane.These results will be useful for further characterization and cloning of the yl1 gene,and for research on the molecular mechanisms controlling biogenesis and chloroplast biochemical processes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31271297 and 31222042) "One-hundred talents" Startup Funds from Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Key Basic Research Program(No. 2009CB 118402)
文摘Increasing yield is one of the most important goals in crop breeding. Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）, one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops, provides the majority of plant proteins, and more than a quarter of the world＇s food and animal feed （Graham and Vance, 2003）. The yield of soybean is finally determined by the number of seeds per unit area, which affected by many characters, such as height, branching number, photosynthesis, seed size, seed number. The number of seeds per pod is taken for one of the critical components that related to yield （You et al., 1995）.
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2006AA040203)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60475032 and 60775062)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-07-0538)
文摘A new scan matching method for mobile robot localization is presented, which takes line segment as the feature and matches the real scans in the given reference map by relationships of the directional-defined line segments. The alignment was done by hierarchically identifying the multiple relationships and the result was recorded in a correspondence matrix, where the best match is defined and selected for localization. It is indicated that the searching algorithm of the best match can find the ambiguities and get rid of them. This method with less computational cost works well in occluded environment, and can correct the error in pose estimation without the need for the estimation itself. The efficiency, accuracy and robustness of this method were verified by experiments of localization in an occluded environment and a long-distance indoor navigation.
基金supported by a grant from Research year of Inje University in 2008(0001200811700)
文摘This work proposes a map-based control method to improve a vehicle's lateral stability, and the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional model-referenced control method. Model-referenced control uses the sliding mode method to determine the compensated yaw moment; in contrast, the proposed map-based control uses the compensated yaw moment map acquired by vehicle stability analysis. The vehicle stability region is calculated by a topological method based on the trajectory reversal method. A 2-DOF vehicle model and Pacejka's tire model are used to evaluate the proposed map-based control method. The properties of model-referenced control and map-based control are compared under various road conditions and driving inputs. Model-referenced control uses a control input to satisfy the linear reference model, and it generates unnecessary tire lateral forces that may lead to worse performance than an uncontrolled vehicle with step steering input on a road with a low friction coefficient. However, map-based control determines a compensated yaw moment to maintain the vehicle within the stability region,so the typical responses of vehicle enable to converge rapidly. The simulation results with sine and step steering show that map-based control provides better the tracking responsibility and control performance than model-referenced control.
文摘The performance of the speaker recognition system declines when training and testing audio codecs are mismatched. In this paper, based on analyzing the effect of mismatched audio codecs in the linear prediction cepstrum coefficients, a method of MAP-based audio coding compensation for speaker recognition is proposed. The proposed method firstly sets a standard codec as a reference and trains the speaker models in this codec format, then learns the deviation distributions between the standard codec format and the other ones, next gets the current bias via using a small number adaptive data and the MAP-based adaptive technique, and then adjusts the model parameters by the type of coming audio codec format and its related bias. During the test, the features of the coming speaker are used to match with the adjusted model. The experimental result shows that the accuracy reached 82.4% with just one second adaptive data, which is higher 5.5% than that in the baseline system.
文摘Since the whole genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0) was published in 2 000, the focus of genomics study had turned from structural genomics to functional genomics era[1]. In the post genomics era, mutants play an important role for gene function exploring. Therefore, acquiring various variants and studying on them are useful for understanding the mechanism of plant development and molecular design for plant breeding.
基金supported by the National Special Program for Research and Transgenic Plants(Grant No.JY03-A-07-01)Natural Science Foundation,Zhejiang Province.
文摘Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter for evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice besides amylose content (AC). The inheritance of the genes affecting GT has been widely studied and is considered to be controlled by a major gene. Here, we report the map-based cloning of rice ALK that encodes the soluble starch synthase II (SSSII). Comparison between the DNA sequences from different rice varieties, together with the results obtained with digestion of the rice seeds in alkali solution, indicates that the base substitutions in coding se-quence of ALK may cause the alteration in GT.
文摘IspH is a key enzyme in the last step of the methyI-D-erythritol-4-phosphate （MEP） pathway. Loss of function of IspH can often result in complete yellow or albino phenotype in many plants. Here, we report the characterization of a recessive mutant of maize, zebra7 （zb7）, showing transverse green/yellow striped leaves in young plants. The yellow bands of the mutant have decreased levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids with delayed chloroplast development. Low temperature suppressed mutant phenotype, while alternate light/dark cycle or high temperature enlarged the yellow section. Map-based cloning demonstrated that zb7 encodes the IspH protein with a mis-sense mutation in a conserved region. Transgenic silencing of Zb7 in maize resulted in complete albino plantlets that are aborted in a few weeks, confirming that Zb7 is important in the early stages of maize chloroplast development. Zb7 is constitutively expressed and its expression subject to a 16-h light/8-h dark cycle regulation. Our results suggest that the less effective or unstable IspH in zb7 mutant, together with its diurnal expression, are mechanistically accounted for the zebra phenotype. The increased IspH mRNA in the leaves of zb7 at the late development stage may explain the restoration of mutant phenotype in mature stages.
基金the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Grant Agreement No.869379 illuMINEation.
文摘In this article,we address the task of experimental evaluation of autonomous map-based navigation of a Boston Dynamics Spot quadruped robot in confined environments equipped with the developed autonomy package that incorporates a 3D lidar,an IMU,and an onboard computer.For that,we propose an integrated software and hardware system that is considered as an enabler for robot localization and risk-aware path planning,based on the known map.The system design itself is modular and incorporates the perception capabilities required for autonomous navigation.The Spot robot first is utilized to build the offline map of the environment by utilizing the Google Cartographer simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)package.During the next step,the online environmental information from the autonomy package sensors and the offline map are provided to the onboard computer to localize the robot on the known map by utilizing means provided by Cartographer.Finally,the occupancy information is provided to the online grid-based path planner that generates risk-aware paths.The extensive experimental evaluation of the proposed system is performed in corridors and SubT environments.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2020YFB1808101)the Project“5G evolution wireless air interface intelligent R&D and verification public platform project”supported by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China(TC220A04M).
文摘In this paper,a physical model of RIS of bistatic polarized radar cross section is derived starting from the Stratton-Chu equations under the assumptions of physical optics,PEC,far field and rectangular RIS element.In the context of important physical characteristics of the backscattering polarization of RIS,the modeling of the RIS wireless channel requires a tradeoff between complexity and accuracy,as well as usability and simplicity.For channel modeling of RIS systems,RIS is modelled as multi-equivalent virtual base stations(BSs)induced by multi polarized electromagnetic waves from different incident directions.The comparison between test and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm effectively captures the key characteristics of the general RIS element polarization physical model and provides accurate results.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0099)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200203)Key Research and Development Program of Hebei province(22326305D).
文摘Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was isolated.The WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based cloning.The functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene editing.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher plants.The identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat development and grain yield.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172078 and U22A20502)。
文摘The development and application of the small-grain rice sterile line Zhuo201S(Z201S)has demonstrated its potential for mechanized hybrid rice seed production,leading to significant cost reductions.However,the molecular mechanism responsible for the small-grain size characteristic of Z201S remains unclear.In this study,we conducted a genetic analysis using near-isogenic lines constructed from Z210S,a small-grain rice sterile line,and R2115,a normal-grain variety.The results revealed that the small-grain trait in Z201S is governed by a single partially dominant gene which also enhances grain number.Through mapping,we localized the causal gene to the short arm of chromosome 2,within a 113 kb physical region delimited by the molecular markers S2-4-1 and LB63.Transgenic analysis and gene expression assays indicated LOC_Os02g14760 as the most likely candidate gene,suggesting that the small-grain size trait of Z201S is controlled by a novel locus that has not been previously identified.
文摘The ast ( anthocyanin spotted testa) mutant, which was induced by carbon ion radiation, was a single recessive gene mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with spotted pigment in seed coats, and involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. To clone the AST gene by map-based cloning strategy, a series of molecular markers were designed according to the SNPs (single nucleotide polymophisms) and insertion/deletion polymophisms in the Arabidopsis database. With these molecular markers, the fine-structure mapping of the AST gene was finished, the AST locus was located in BAC clone T13M11. It was suggested that the AST candidate gene was T13M11. 8 in the T13M11 This gene was 1432 bp long with 6 exons and 5 introns. The putative protein of T13M11. 8 gene was similar to dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which was an important enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2009CB118506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 30825029 and 30621001)
文摘Lesion mimic is necrotic lesions on plant leaf or stem in the absence of pathogenic infection, and its exact biological mechanism is varied. By a large-scale screening of our T-DNA mutant population, we identified a mutant rice lesion initiation 1 （rlin1）, which was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. Map-based cloning revealed that RLIN1 encoded a putative coproporphyrinogen Ⅲ oxidase in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. Sequencing results showed that a G to T substitution occurred in the second exon of RLIN1 and led to a missense mutation from Asp to Tyr. Ectopic expression of RLIN1 could rescue rlin1 lesion mimic phenotype. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that lesion formation in rlin1 was light-dependent accompanied by reactive oxygen species accumulated. These results suggest that tetrapyrrole participates in lesion formation in rice.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of China,the National Science Foundation of China,the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Rice is the primary carbohydrate staple cereal feeding the world population. Many genes, known as quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, con- trol most of the agronomically important traits in rice. The identification of QTLs controlling agricultural traits is vital to increase yield and meet the needs of the increasing human population, but the progress met with challenges due to complex QTL inheritance. To date, many QTLs have been detected in rice, including those responsible for yield and grain quality; salt, drought and submergence tolerance; disease and insect resistance; and nutrient utilization efficiency. Map-based cloning techniques have enabled scientists to successfully fine map and clone approximately seventeen QTLs for several traits. Additional in-depth functional analyses and characterizations of these genes will provide valuable assistance in rice molecular breeding.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0102000)Shanxi Provincial Key Platform for Science and Technology Innovation Program (201605D151002)+2 种基金Shanxi Provincial International Cooperation in Science and Technology Program (201803D221018-5)Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project (201803D421020 and 201703D211007)Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Project YGG17123)
文摘Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approach to clone the major broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm CH1357 from wheat breeding line CH1357. Pm CH1357 was mapped to a 526 kb region containing only Traes CS5 D01 G044600. The Traes CS5 D01 G044600 sequence of the susceptibility allele in Taichung 29(TC29) was identical to that in Chinese Spring, whereas the sequence of the resistance allele in CH1357 was identical to Pm2a previously cloned from the germplasm Ulka/*8Cc. The susceptibility allele in TC29 contained a 7 bp deletion in exon 1, resulting in loss of 856 of the 1277 amino acids in the predicted nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing Pm2a protein.Pm CH1357/Pm2a sequence was also isolated from the Chinese wheat landraces and cultivars that were previously reported to possess the resistance gene Pm2b, Pm2c,PmLX66, or PmND399. The Pm CH1357/Pm2a resistance allele was present in 10 of 495 accessions in core germplasm and contemporary cultivars from China and the USA. A newly developed diagnostic marker for the 7 bp In Del in the resistance gene can be used to eliminate the susceptibility allele in wheat breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0102104)Platform for Mutation Breeding by Radiation of Sichuan (2016NZ0106)Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2020YJ0249)。
文摘A nuclear-encoded sigma(σ) factor is essential for the transcriptional regulation of plant chloroplastencoded genes. Five putative maize r factors have been identified by database searches, but their functions are unknown. We report a maize leaf color mutant etiolated/albino leaf 1(eal1) that was derived from space mutation breeding. The eal1 mutant displays etiolated or albino leaves that then gradually turn to normal green at the seedling stage. The changes in eal1 leaf color are associated with changes in photosynthetic pigment content and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning revealed that a single amino-acid deletion changing Val_(480)-Val_(481)-Val_(482) to Val_(480)-Val_(481), in the C-terminal domain σ_(4) of the putative σ factor ZmSig2A, is responsible for the eal1 mutation. In comparison with the expression level of the wild-type(WT) allele ZmSig2A^(+) in WT plants, much higher expression of the mutant allele ZmSig2A^(⊿V) in eal1 plants was detected before the eal1 plants turned to normal green. ZmSig2A shows the highest similarity to rice OsSig2A and Arabidopsis SIG2. Ectopic expression of ZmSig2A^(+) or ZmSig2A^(⊿V) driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S promoter rescued the pale green leaf of the sig2 mutant, but ectopic expression of ZmSig2A^(⊿V) driven by the SIG2 promoter did not. We propose that the Val deletion generated a new weak allele of ZmSig2A that cannot completely abolish the ZmSig2A function. Some genes involved in chloroplast development and photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes showed significant expression differences between eal1 and WT plants. We conclude that ZmSig2A encoding a r factor is essential for maize chloroplast development. The eal1 mutant with a weak allele of ZmSig2A represents a valuable genetic resource for investigating the regulation of ZmSig2A-mediated chloroplast development in maize.The eal1 mutation may be useful as a marker for early identification and elimination of false hybrids or transgene transmission in the application of genetic male sterility to commercial hybrid seed production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471539)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Project, China (No.10)
文摘Plant trichomes originate from epidermal cells.In this work,we demonstrated that a homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip)gene,Gh_A06G1283(Gh HD-1A),was related to the leaf trichome trait in allotetraploid cotton and could be a candidate gene for the T_1 locus.The ortholog of GhHD-1A in the hairless accession Gossypium barbadense cv.Hai7124 was interrupted by a long terminal repeat(LTR)retrotransposon,while GhHD-1A worked well in the hairy accession Gossypium hirsutum acc.T586.Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that GhHD-1A belonged to the HD-Zip IV gene family,which mainly regulated epidermis hair development in plants.Silencing of GhHD-1A and its homoeologs GhHD-1D in allotetraploid T586and Hai7124 could significantly reduce the density of leaf hairs and affect the expression levels of other genes related to leaf trichome formation.Further analysis found that GhHD-1A mainly regulated trichome initiation on the upper epidermal hairs of leaves in cotton,while the up-regulated expression of GhHD-1A in different organs/tissues also altered epidermal trichome development.This study not only helps to unravel the important roles of GhHD-1A in regulating trichome initiation in cotton,but also provides a reference for exploring the different forms of trichome development in plants.
基金supported by a grant from the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences(PROBRAIN to S.I.) from Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution(BRAIN) in Japangrants from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports, Science,and Technology of Japan(No.17207002 to S.I.and 22780007 to K.T.)+1 种基金supported by the Global COE Program(to H.K.and S.I.)the NIBB Cooperative Research Program(9-151 to H.K.and 9-153 to M.M.),and the Graduate University for Advanced Studies(Sokendai)
文摘We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping and subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the ing mutant carries a large deletion, which corresponds to a 103 kb region in the Nipponbare genome, containing nine annotated genes on chromosome 3. Of these annotated genes, the SLR1 gene encoding a DELLA protein is the only one that is well characterized in its function, and its null mutation, which is caused by a single base deletion in the middle of the intronless SLR1 gene, confers a slender phenotype that bears close resemblance to the ing mutant phenotype. The primary cause of the ing mutant phenotype is the deletion of the SLR1 gene, and the ing mutant appears to be the first characterized mutant having the entire SLR1 sequence deleted. Our results also suggest that the deleted region of 103 kb does not contain an indispensable gene, whose dysfunction must result in a lethal phenotype.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31260317).
文摘Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that plav multiple roles in plant development.However,knowledge about the molecular mechanism of trichome development in rice is limited.In this study,a hairy leaf locus HL6SWWR of rice variety Suwangwanger(SWWR)was identified by map-based cloning.Transgenic complementation and knock-out mutation demonstrated that HL6SWWR regulated trichomes on leaves and expression levels of HL6SWWR affected trichome elongation.Transgenic experiments of PROswwr:HL6nipand PROnip:HL6swwr indicated that the promoter and coding sequences of HL6swwr were indispensable for trichome regulation.Sequencing alignment of the promoter and coding regions of HL6 in 22 varieties showed that some c/s-binding elements in the promoter region may be related to trichome development,while no decisive variation was found in the coding sequence.Furthermore,RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that 1415 differential expression genes(DEGs)were detected in hl6SWWR mutant vs wild type and that 1010 DEGs were found in HL6SWWR complementary transgenic line vs wild type.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that most of the DEGs were involved in metabolite pathway,secondary metabolite biosynthesis,plant pathogen interaction and phytohormone signal transduction in both the two groups.The results indicated that these enhanced pathways are critical during trichome development in rice.Taken together,our results provided new views into the regulatory mechanism of trichome formation in rice.
基金supported by grants from the Guizhou Province High-Level Innovative Talent Training Program Project([2016]4003)the Guizhou Science and Technology Major Project[20126005]and the Guizhou Science and Technology Project(20171039).
文摘Leaf-color mutants play an important role in the study of chlorophyll metabolism,chloroplast development,and photosynthesis system.In this study,the yellow leaf 1(yl1)rice mutant was identified from the ethyl methane sulfonate-treated mutant progeny of Lailong,a glutinous japonica rice landrace cultivated in Guizhou Province,China.Results showed that yl1 exhibited yellow leaves with decreased chlorophyll content throughout the growth period.Chloroplast development in the yl1 mutant was disrupted,and the grana lamellae was loosely packed and disordered.RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that the chlorophyll synthesis-related genes OsCHLH,OsCHLM,OsCHLG,PORB,and YGL8,as well as the chloroplast development-related genes FtsZ,OsRpoTp,and RbcL,were down-regulated in the yl1 mutant.Genetic analysis revealed that the yellow leaf phenotype of yl1 was controlled by recessive nuclear gene.By employing the MutMap method,the mutation responsible for the phenotype was mapped to a 6.17 Mb region between 17.34 and 23.51 Mb on chromosome 3.Two non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)located in the gene locus LOC_Os03g31210 and LOC_Os03g36760 were detected in this region.The two SNPs were further confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing.The expression patterns of the two candidate genes indicated that LOC_Os03g36760 showed greater potential for functional verification.Subcellular protein localization revealed that the encoded product of LOC_Os03g36760 was localized in the nucleus,cytoplasm,and plasma membrane.These results will be useful for further characterization and cloning of the yl1 gene,and for research on the molecular mechanisms controlling biogenesis and chloroplast biochemical processes.
