Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility o...Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).展开更多
Background Zonal application maps are designed to represent field variability using key variables that can be translated into tailored management practices.For cotton,zonal maps for crop growth regulator(CGR)applicati...Background Zonal application maps are designed to represent field variability using key variables that can be translated into tailored management practices.For cotton,zonal maps for crop growth regulator(CGR)applications under variable-rate(VR)strategies are commonly based exclusively on vegetation indices(VIs)variability.However,VIs often saturate in dense crop vegetation areas,limiting their effectiveness in distinguishing variability in crop growth.This study aimed to compare unsupervised framework(UF)and supervised framework(SUF)approaches for generat-ing zonal application maps for CGR under VR conditions.During 2022-2023 agricultural seasons,an UF was employed to generate zonal maps based on locally collected field data on plant height of cotton,satellite imagery,soil texture,and phenology data.Subsequently,a SUF(based on historical data between 2020-2021 to 2022-2023 agricultural seasons)was developed to predict plant height using remote sensing and phenology data,aiming to replicate same zonal maps but without relying on direct field measurements of plant height.Both approaches were tested in three fields and on two different dates per field.Results The predictive model for plant height of SUF performed well,as indicated by the model metrics.However,when comparing zonal application maps for specific field-date combinations,the predicted plant height exhibited lower variability compared with field measurements.This led to variable compatibility between SUF maps,which utilized the model predictions,and the UF maps,which were based on the real field data.Fields characterized by much pronounced soil texture variability yielded the highest compatibility between the zonal application maps produced by both SUF and UF approaches.This was predominantly due to the greater consistency in estimating plant development patterns within these heterogeneous field environments.While VR application approach can facilitate product savings during the application operation,other key factors must be considered.These include the availability of specialized machinery required for this type of applications,as well as the inherent operational costs associated with applying a single CGR product which differs from the typical uniform rate applications that often integrate multi-ple inputs.Conclusion Predictive modeling shows promise for assisting in the creation of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree of agreement with the actual variability in crop growth found in the field should be evaluated on a field-by-field basis.The SUF approach,which is based on plant heigh prediction,demonstrated potential for supporting the development of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree to which this approach aligns itself with the actual variability in crop growth observed in the field may vary,necessi-tating field-by-field evaluation.展开更多
Nano-Scale mapping of minerals and organic compounds give unprecedented high resolution information on the origin and nature of substances,and provide new insight on their correlative distribution and interaction,thus...Nano-Scale mapping of minerals and organic compounds give unprecedented high resolution information on the origin and nature of substances,and provide new insight on their correlative distribution and interaction,thus present a powerful tool to study the progressive changes of geological samples,and may even be applied to study extraterrestrial samples in search of life.One example we present here explore the use of elemental microprobe,X-Ray Photon Spectroscopy(XPS),and synchrotron-based Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy(STXM) coupled with Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure(NEXAFS) Spectroscopy to investigate the surface properties and stability of micron-size organic carbonaceous particles from Central Amazon,Brazil,specifically focusing on black carbon in Kaolinitic Oxisol originated from anthropogenic processes,and their interaction with cations.展开更多
In the implementation of discrete systems using analog circuits,existing research is relatively limited compared to the well-established methodologies for continuous systems[1].While some studies have realized discret...In the implementation of discrete systems using analog circuits,existing research is relatively limited compared to the well-established methodologies for continuous systems[1].While some studies have realized discrete system models through analog circuits,they are mainly confined to experimental verification of simulation results,with few investigations into specific applications based on analog circuits[2,3].展开更多
In the teaching of high school geography, whether it is physical geography or human geography, no matter how the new curriculum is reformed, leaving the map teaching is equivalent to "flying out of the sky",...In the teaching of high school geography, whether it is physical geography or human geography, no matter how the new curriculum is reformed, leaving the map teaching is equivalent to "flying out of the sky", for this reason in the high school geography teaching, only by organically and effectively integrating the map into the teaching, giving full play to the various functions of the map, can we cultivate students' spatial concept and comprehensive analysis ability, cultivate students' "seeing, analyzing, drawing, and recalling" skills on the map, and cultivate students' cognitive ability to map, so as to effectively help students observe geographical phenomena and analyze geographical problems. Understand geographical knowledge, effectively display the characteristic special effects of the map, and greatly improve the auxiliary role of the map.展开更多
In order to optimize the deformation processing, the hot deformation behavior of Co-Cr-Mo-Cu （here- after named as Co-Cu） alloy was studied in this paper at a deformation temperature range of 950-1150 ℃ and a strai...In order to optimize the deformation processing, the hot deformation behavior of Co-Cr-Mo-Cu （here- after named as Co-Cu） alloy was studied in this paper at a deformation temperature range of 950-1150 ℃ and a strain rate range of 0.008-5 s^-1. Based on the true stress-true strain curves, a constitutive equation in hyperbolic sin function was established and a hot processing map was drawn. It was found that the flow stress of the Co-Cu alloy increased with the increase of the strain rate and decreased with the increase of the deforming temperature. The hot processing map indicated that there were two unstable regions and one well-processing region. The microstructure, the hardness distribution and the electro- chemical properties of the hot deformed sample were investigated in order to reveal the influence of the hot deformation. Microstructure observation indicated that the grain size increased with the increase of the deformation temperature but decreased with the increase of the strain rate. High temperature and low strain rate promoted the crystallization process but increased the grain size, which results in a reduction in the hardness. The hot deformation at high temperature （1100-1150 ℃） would reduce the corrosion resistance slightly. The final optimized deformation process was： a deformation temperature from 1050to 1100 ℃, and a strain rate from 0.008 to 0.2 s^-1, where a completely recrystallized and homogeneously distributed microstructure would be obtained.展开更多
Transportation is the lifeblood of a modern metropolis.Accessibility generally refers to the interconnection between nodes in a regional traffic network.The purpose of the paper is to obtain more realistic and accurat...Transportation is the lifeblood of a modern metropolis.Accessibility generally refers to the interconnection between nodes in a regional traffic network.The purpose of the paper is to obtain more realistic and accurate measures of travel speed and to study the road traffic accessibility potential in cities.This study proposes a method for analyzing road traffic accessibility potential which is based on the average travel speed to city centers in off-peak times and which ranks 80 cities around the world.Based on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite’s visible-infrared imaging radiometer suite(NPP-VIIRS)night-time light data,urban built-up areas and city centers were extracted.Further,with the aid of the Google Maps application programming interface(API)network crawling technique,travel times and travel distances for several optimal routes to city centers by car were obtained.Feasible proposals for improving road traffic accessibility and planning urban transportation in different cities are presented.The proposed method offers a new possibility of analyzing traffic accessibility using internet data and geo-spatial methods.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the trace of generalized operators and inverse Weyl transformation.First of all we repeat the definition of test operators and generalized operators given in [18],denoting L~2(R) by H.
The geographical extent of Brazil exceeds 8.5 million km2 and encompasses a complex mix of biomes and other environmental conditions.Multiple decision support tools are needed to help support management of these diver...The geographical extent of Brazil exceeds 8.5 million km2 and encompasses a complex mix of biomes and other environmental conditions.Multiple decision support tools are needed to help support management of these diverse Brazilian natural resources including ecohydrological models.The use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)ecohydrological watershed-scale model in Brazil has increased greatly during the past decade.Well over 100 SWAT studies were identified in this review which have been published during 1999 to 2015 in Brazilian and international journals,conference proceedings,and as theses or dissertations,many of which are written in Portuguese.The majority of these studies(102 total)are reviewed here as part of an extensive survey covering the 1999 to 2013 time period.Temporal and spatial distributions,a summary of hydrologic calibration and validation results and a synopsis of the types of applications that were performed are reported for the surveyed studies.A smaller subset of recent Brazilian studies published in English between 2012 and 2015 in scientific journals are also reviewed,with emphasis on hydrologic and sediment transport testing results as well as scenario applications that were performed.The majority of the surveyed SWAT studies was performed for watersheds located in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil(67%)and was conducted in the context of academic research.Nearly 50%of the surveyed studies reported only hydrologic results.Similar trends were found for the subset of more recent English publications.Limited studies have been reported that describe applications of SWAT in Brazil by private firms or government agencies;this review indicates that the potential exists for increased numbers of such studies in the future.However,there is evidence that a lack of accessibility to adequate quality input data is a possible hindrance to the more general use of SWAT for watershed applications in Brazil.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research & Development Program of China (2022YFC3006201)。
文摘Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).
文摘Background Zonal application maps are designed to represent field variability using key variables that can be translated into tailored management practices.For cotton,zonal maps for crop growth regulator(CGR)applications under variable-rate(VR)strategies are commonly based exclusively on vegetation indices(VIs)variability.However,VIs often saturate in dense crop vegetation areas,limiting their effectiveness in distinguishing variability in crop growth.This study aimed to compare unsupervised framework(UF)and supervised framework(SUF)approaches for generat-ing zonal application maps for CGR under VR conditions.During 2022-2023 agricultural seasons,an UF was employed to generate zonal maps based on locally collected field data on plant height of cotton,satellite imagery,soil texture,and phenology data.Subsequently,a SUF(based on historical data between 2020-2021 to 2022-2023 agricultural seasons)was developed to predict plant height using remote sensing and phenology data,aiming to replicate same zonal maps but without relying on direct field measurements of plant height.Both approaches were tested in three fields and on two different dates per field.Results The predictive model for plant height of SUF performed well,as indicated by the model metrics.However,when comparing zonal application maps for specific field-date combinations,the predicted plant height exhibited lower variability compared with field measurements.This led to variable compatibility between SUF maps,which utilized the model predictions,and the UF maps,which were based on the real field data.Fields characterized by much pronounced soil texture variability yielded the highest compatibility between the zonal application maps produced by both SUF and UF approaches.This was predominantly due to the greater consistency in estimating plant development patterns within these heterogeneous field environments.While VR application approach can facilitate product savings during the application operation,other key factors must be considered.These include the availability of specialized machinery required for this type of applications,as well as the inherent operational costs associated with applying a single CGR product which differs from the typical uniform rate applications that often integrate multi-ple inputs.Conclusion Predictive modeling shows promise for assisting in the creation of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree of agreement with the actual variability in crop growth found in the field should be evaluated on a field-by-field basis.The SUF approach,which is based on plant heigh prediction,demonstrated potential for supporting the development of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree to which this approach aligns itself with the actual variability in crop growth observed in the field may vary,necessi-tating field-by-field evaluation.
文摘Nano-Scale mapping of minerals and organic compounds give unprecedented high resolution information on the origin and nature of substances,and provide new insight on their correlative distribution and interaction,thus present a powerful tool to study the progressive changes of geological samples,and may even be applied to study extraterrestrial samples in search of life.One example we present here explore the use of elemental microprobe,X-Ray Photon Spectroscopy(XPS),and synchrotron-based Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy(STXM) coupled with Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure(NEXAFS) Spectroscopy to investigate the surface properties and stability of micron-size organic carbonaceous particles from Central Amazon,Brazil,specifically focusing on black carbon in Kaolinitic Oxisol originated from anthropogenic processes,and their interaction with cations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62271088,62201094)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX253369)the Project 333 of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘In the implementation of discrete systems using analog circuits,existing research is relatively limited compared to the well-established methodologies for continuous systems[1].While some studies have realized discrete system models through analog circuits,they are mainly confined to experimental verification of simulation results,with few investigations into specific applications based on analog circuits[2,3].
文摘In the teaching of high school geography, whether it is physical geography or human geography, no matter how the new curriculum is reformed, leaving the map teaching is equivalent to "flying out of the sky", for this reason in the high school geography teaching, only by organically and effectively integrating the map into the teaching, giving full play to the various functions of the map, can we cultivate students' spatial concept and comprehensive analysis ability, cultivate students' "seeing, analyzing, drawing, and recalling" skills on the map, and cultivate students' cognitive ability to map, so as to effectively help students observe geographical phenomena and analyze geographical problems. Understand geographical knowledge, effectively display the characteristic special effects of the map, and greatly improve the auxiliary role of the map.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81071262, 31271024 and 31470930)the Funding from Northeastern University ("985 program", Nos. N141008001 and LZ2014018), China
文摘In order to optimize the deformation processing, the hot deformation behavior of Co-Cr-Mo-Cu （here- after named as Co-Cu） alloy was studied in this paper at a deformation temperature range of 950-1150 ℃ and a strain rate range of 0.008-5 s^-1. Based on the true stress-true strain curves, a constitutive equation in hyperbolic sin function was established and a hot processing map was drawn. It was found that the flow stress of the Co-Cu alloy increased with the increase of the strain rate and decreased with the increase of the deforming temperature. The hot processing map indicated that there were two unstable regions and one well-processing region. The microstructure, the hardness distribution and the electro- chemical properties of the hot deformed sample were investigated in order to reveal the influence of the hot deformation. Microstructure observation indicated that the grain size increased with the increase of the deformation temperature but decreased with the increase of the strain rate. High temperature and low strain rate promoted the crystallization process but increased the grain size, which results in a reduction in the hardness. The hot deformation at high temperature （1100-1150 ℃） would reduce the corrosion resistance slightly. The final optimized deformation process was： a deformation temperature from 1050to 1100 ℃, and a strain rate from 0.008 to 0.2 s^-1, where a completely recrystallized and homogeneously distributed microstructure would be obtained.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZJWY22E090002)the Zhejiang Provincial Water Conservancy Science and Technology Plan Project(No.RC2141),China。
文摘Transportation is the lifeblood of a modern metropolis.Accessibility generally refers to the interconnection between nodes in a regional traffic network.The purpose of the paper is to obtain more realistic and accurate measures of travel speed and to study the road traffic accessibility potential in cities.This study proposes a method for analyzing road traffic accessibility potential which is based on the average travel speed to city centers in off-peak times and which ranks 80 cities around the world.Based on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite’s visible-infrared imaging radiometer suite(NPP-VIIRS)night-time light data,urban built-up areas and city centers were extracted.Further,with the aid of the Google Maps application programming interface(API)network crawling technique,travel times and travel distances for several optimal routes to city centers by car were obtained.Feasible proposals for improving road traffic accessibility and planning urban transportation in different cities are presented.The proposed method offers a new possibility of analyzing traffic accessibility using internet data and geo-spatial methods.
文摘In this paper, we consider the trace of generalized operators and inverse Weyl transformation.First of all we repeat the definition of test operators and generalized operators given in [18],denoting L~2(R) by H.
基金This study was funded by FAPESP-São Paulo Research Foundation for the doctoral scholarship given to the first author,grant 2011/10929-1 and 2012/17854-0by the Thematic FAPESP Project“Assessment of Impacts and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil and Strategi es for Adaptation Options”,number 2008/15161-1,INCLINE-INterdisciplinary CLimate INvestigation Center(NapMC/IAG,USP-SP).
文摘The geographical extent of Brazil exceeds 8.5 million km2 and encompasses a complex mix of biomes and other environmental conditions.Multiple decision support tools are needed to help support management of these diverse Brazilian natural resources including ecohydrological models.The use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)ecohydrological watershed-scale model in Brazil has increased greatly during the past decade.Well over 100 SWAT studies were identified in this review which have been published during 1999 to 2015 in Brazilian and international journals,conference proceedings,and as theses or dissertations,many of which are written in Portuguese.The majority of these studies(102 total)are reviewed here as part of an extensive survey covering the 1999 to 2013 time period.Temporal and spatial distributions,a summary of hydrologic calibration and validation results and a synopsis of the types of applications that were performed are reported for the surveyed studies.A smaller subset of recent Brazilian studies published in English between 2012 and 2015 in scientific journals are also reviewed,with emphasis on hydrologic and sediment transport testing results as well as scenario applications that were performed.The majority of the surveyed SWAT studies was performed for watersheds located in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil(67%)and was conducted in the context of academic research.Nearly 50%of the surveyed studies reported only hydrologic results.Similar trends were found for the subset of more recent English publications.Limited studies have been reported that describe applications of SWAT in Brazil by private firms or government agencies;this review indicates that the potential exists for increased numbers of such studies in the future.However,there is evidence that a lack of accessibility to adequate quality input data is a possible hindrance to the more general use of SWAT for watershed applications in Brazil.
