AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarect...AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis.展开更多
Objective:To predict structure and function of translationally controlled tumor protein(TCTP)from Spirometraa mansoni by bioinformatics technology,and to provide a theoretical basis for further study.Methods:Open read...Objective:To predict structure and function of translationally controlled tumor protein(TCTP)from Spirometraa mansoni by bioinformatics technology,and to provide a theoretical basis for further study.Methods:Open reading frame(ORF)of EST sequence from Spirometra mansoni was obtained by ORE finder and was translated into amino acid residue by DNAclub.The structure domain was analyzed by Blast.By the method of online analysis tools:Protparam,InterProScan,protscale.SignalP-3.0,PSORTⅡ,BepiPred,TMHMM,VectorNT1 Suite 9 packages and Phyre2,the structure and function of the protein were predicted and analyzed.Results:The results showed that the EST sequence was Sm TCTP with 173 amino acid residues,theoretical molecular weight was 19 872.0 Da.The protein has the closest evolutionary status with Clonorchis sinensis.Schistosoma mansoni,and Schistosoma japonicum.Then it had no signal peptide site and transmembrane domain.Secondary structure of TCTP contained twoα-helices and eightβ-strands.Conclusions:Sm TCTP was a variety of biological functions of protein that may be used as a vaccine candidate molecule anti drug target.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel(PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.Methods:In a cross-sectional study,stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 sch...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel(PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.Methods:In a cross-sectional study,stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia,in April 2010.Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni(5.mansoni) ova.Children who were found positive for S.mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration.Four weeks post-treatment,stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pretreatment.Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.Results:Pretreatment prevalence of S.mansoni infection was 74.9%with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6%(P<0.000 1,OR:8.33,CI:5.3-13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2%(P=0.03,F=0.64).The cure rate showed significant association with age(x^2=H,P=0.004),the highest rate being observed in the 15-22 age group.83%of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms,the most frerjiient being headache,nausea,and abdominal pain.These symptoms were associated with age(P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection(P<0.05).Conclusions:The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia.Hence,in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated,treatment failure,or reduced susceptibility of the parasite.Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.展开更多
Objective:To test Candonocypris novaezelandiae(Baird)(C.novaezelandiae),sub-class Ostracoda,obtained from the Nile,Egypt for its predatory activity on snail,Biomphalaria alexandrina(B.alexandrina),intermediate host of...Objective:To test Candonocypris novaezelandiae(Baird)(C.novaezelandiae),sub-class Ostracoda,obtained from the Nile,Egypt for its predatory activity on snail,Biomphalaria alexandrina(B.alexandrina),intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni)and on the free-living larval stages of this parasite(miracidia and cercariae).Methods:The predatory activity of C.novaezelandiae was determined on B.alexandrina snail(several densities of eggs,newly hatched and juveniles).This activity was also determined on S.mansoni miracidia and cercariae using different volumes of water and different numbers of larvae.C.novaezelandiae was also tested for its effect on infection of snails and on the cercarial production.Results:C.novaezelandiae was found to feed on the eggs,newly hatched and juvenile snails,but with significant reduction in the consumption in the presence of other diet like the blue green algae(Nostoc muscorum).This ostracod also showed considerable predatory activity on the free-living larval stages of S.mansoni which was affected by certain environmental factors such as volume of water,density of C.novaezelandiae and number of larvae of the parasite.Conclusions:The presence of this ostracod in the aquatic habitat led to significant reduction of snail population,infection rate of snails with schistosme miracidia as well as of cercarial production from the infected snails.This may suggest that introducing C.novaezelandiae into the habitat at schistosome riskv sites could suppress the transmission of the disease.展开更多
We report a case of a patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection who presented with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly.She was diagnosed by a serological test and Kato-Katz thick smear stool examination.The patient was ...We report a case of a patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection who presented with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly.She was diagnosed by a serological test and Kato-Katz thick smear stool examination.The patient was a 52-year-old woman from Sudan who came to Malaysia for a week to visit her sons.The patient lives in the middle of Rabak region,Sudan,a highly endemic area for schistosomiasis where her daily routine includes rearing of cows and farming.The site of toilet and sources of drinking water are canals and wells;both infested with snails.Patient had a long history of exposure and coming into contact with water from these canals and wells.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects about 290 million patients worldwide. Children aged between 5 and 14 years represent 45.8% of the affected patients, in addition, schistosomiasis has been r...Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects about 290 million patients worldwide. Children aged between 5 and 14 years represent 45.8% of the affected patients, in addition, schistosomiasis has been reported in Schistosoma-free areas, mostly because of tourism and immigration from endemic countries. Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is mainly diagnosed via direct stool examination for egg detection. Immunological methods are favoured for disease monitoring and preliminary checking for communities in areas with low infection rates, and for patients with light and chronic infections where parasitological tests are negative. PCR-based diagnostic techniques are more sensitive, but expensive. Tegument proteins and miRNAs are promising markers for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Here we review the diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis mansoni aiming to reach a standardized technique for diagnosis of early infection to help better control of the disease.展开更多
Objective:To assess the effect potency,and the immunomodulatory response of garlic oil extract in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by Schistosoma mamoni(S.mamoni) in mice at differen...Objective:To assess the effect potency,and the immunomodulatory response of garlic oil extract in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by Schistosoma mamoni(S.mamoni) in mice at different stages of worm maturation.Methods:A total of 70 male CD-I Swiss albino mice were divided into 7 groups.Group Ⅰ:healthy control.Group Ⅱ:garlic oil group orally administrating 100 mg garlic oil extract /kg b.wt.3 d a week for 6 weeks.Group Ⅲ:infected with S.inansoni cercariae and left untreated for 42 d.Group Ⅳ:treated with garlic oil extract from day 1 to day 7 post infection(PI).Group Ⅴ:treated with garlic oil extract from day 14 till day 21 PI.Group Ⅵ:administrating garlic oil extract from day 35 until day 42 PI.Group Ⅶ received oil extract from the first day of infection for 42 d.Results:Garlic oil extract showed changes in the parasite tegument with a significant decrease in worm burden,hepatic and intestinal ova count with a decline in granuloma number and diameter.These alterations were accompanied with a reduction in serum TNF- α,ICAM-1,IgG and IgM after 7 and 42 d post S.mamoni cercarial infection.Conclusions:Results obtained confirmed the effect of garlic oil extract on the larval and mature stage of the parasite and in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by 5.mansoni in mice.展开更多
Objective:To establish the prevalence and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) infection among schoolchildren at a village in Wolaita Zone.Sothern Ethiopia,Methods:A cross-sectional study was carr...Objective:To establish the prevalence and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) infection among schoolchildren at a village in Wolaita Zone.Sothern Ethiopia,Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among primary schoolchildren.A total of 384 randomly selected study subjects provided stool samples for parasitological examination by Kato-Katz and Formalin-Ether concentration techniques.Secondary parasitological data were obtained from Health Center Laboratory to see the previous history of.S.mansoni infection in the area.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.Results:From the total children examined.85.4% were found positive for at least one helminth infection.S.mansoni infection(81.3% ) was the most prevalent and the prevalence of STH was 32% ..Moderate and heavy infection intensities were only observed in S,mansoni infections.The overall heavy intensity of infection was 56.4% .Contact to Bisarc stream was the most important factor for S.mansoni infection(OR 3.9) followed by herding cattle near the stream(OR2.527).Males were twice more likely to get the infection than females(OR 1.923).Analysis of secondary parasitological data showed that S.mansoni infection was a leading helminthic infection over the past years.Conclusions:The present study found a higher intensity and prevalence of S.mansoni infection in a rural village of Wolaita Zone.Therefore,appropriate integrated control and prevention measures need to be implemented in the study area.展开更多
BACKGROUND Genitourinary(GU)schistosomiasis is a chronic infection caused by a parasitic trematode,with Schistosoma haematobium(S.haematobium)being the prevalent species.The disease has a variable prevalence around th...BACKGROUND Genitourinary(GU)schistosomiasis is a chronic infection caused by a parasitic trematode,with Schistosoma haematobium(S.haematobium)being the prevalent species.The disease has a variable prevalence around the world,with a greater burden on,but not limited to Africa,South America,Asia,and the Middle East.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with symptoms of bladder stones.During endoscopic cystolithalopaxy,we did not detect any stones in the bladder.Upon careful scanning of the urinary bladder trigone,sandy patches were detected.We performed endoscopic resection,which revealed a closed diverticulum with bladder stones.The diverticular wall was sent for histopathology and revealed features of chronic granulomatous inflammation with numerous embedded Schistosoma eggs,with some of the eggs having lateral spines.The patient was treated with praziquantel,and his symptoms completely resolved.CONCLUSION GU schistosomiasis is primarily caused by S.haematobium.However,Schistosoma mansoni mediated GU schistosomiasis is unusual,making this a quite interesting case.展开更多
The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of melatonin as an antioxidant separately or in combination with antigens （cerearial; CAP or soluble worm; SWAP） against Schistosoma mans...The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of melatonin as an antioxidant separately or in combination with antigens （cerearial; CAP or soluble worm; SWAP） against Schistosoma mansoni infection in hamsters. Each hamster was sensitized with an initial immunization of 0.6 ml of the extracted antigen （30μg protein/mL）. After four days, a second injection of 0.4 mL was given （20μg protein/mL）. Then, each hamster was exposed to 260 ± 20 S. mansoni cercariae followed with melatonin treatment （3.5 mg/kg） for thirty days from the 1st day of post infection. Levels of lipid peroxidation （LPO） products, eatalase （CAT） activity, hepatic glutathione （GSH） and biochemical changes in the liver and kidneys functions were investigated. The results revealed a high significant increasing of LPO and decreasing of CAT and GSH in liver of infected hamsters. Biochemical observations showed severe damage in the liver enzyme activities and increasing cholesterol level in infected animals. Melatonin co-treatment with antigen to the infeeted-hamster attenuated the increase of LPO and restored the activity of CAT and levels of hepatic GSH. Also, the biochemical damages in the liver and kidneys funetions were reduced. The present study suggests that melatonin may be useful in combating free radical-induced damage due to infection toxicity. The immunization with previous antigens resulted in a remarkable improvement on the liver enzyme activities, which were increased after infection. Thus, vaccination of hamsters with antigens （both CAP and SWAP） and melatonin treatment has more potent effect on the enhancement of antioxidant and biochemical of S. mansoni infected-hamster than each treatment separately. Immunization of the hamster with SWAP followed by melatonin was the best way among the other regime treatments to improve the biochemical and antioxidant parameters of the infected-hamsters.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the potential of bone marrow mononuclear cells （BM-MCs） in the regeneration of hepatic lesions induced by Schistosoma mansoni （S.mansoni） chronic infection. METHODS： Female mice chronically i...AIM： To investigate the potential of bone marrow mononuclear cells （BM-MCs） in the regeneration of hepatic lesions induced by Schistosoma mansoni （S.mansoni） chronic infection. METHODS： Female mice chronically infected with S.rnansoni were treated with BM-MCs obtained from male green fluorescent protein （GFP） transgenic mice by intravenous or intralobular injections. Control mice received injections of saline in similar conditions, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） assay for transforming growth factor-beta （TGF-β）, polymerase chain reaction （PCR） for GFP DNA, immunofluorescence and morphometric studies were performed. RESULTS： Transplanted GFP^＋ cells migrated to granuloma areas and reduced the percentage of liver fibrosis. The presence of donor-derived cells was confirmed by Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis for detection of cells bearing Y chromosome and by PCR analysis for detection of GFP DNA. The levels of TGF-β, a cytokine associated with fibrosis deposition, in liver fragments of mice submitted to therapy were reduced. The number of oval cells in liver sections of S.mansoni-infected mice increased 3-4 fold after transplantation. A partial recovery in albumin expression, which is decreased upon infection with S.mansoni, was found in livers of infected mice after cellular therapy. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, transplanted BMCs migrate to and reduce the damage of chronic fibrotic liver lesions caused by S.mansoni.展开更多
In a cross-sectional survey among consented pregnant women, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria was carried out and stool examination was done to detect the presence of Schistosoma mansoni and soil transmitted hel...In a cross-sectional survey among consented pregnant women, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria was carried out and stool examination was done to detect the presence of Schistosoma mansoni and soil transmitted helminthes using Kato-Katz technique. Intensity of infection was expressed as the number of eggs per gram (epg) of faeces. Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes was 8.3% and 0.83% for Schistosoma mansoni while none was positive for malaria infection. Lack of co-infection with malaria could be connected with the intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). Public health impact of soil transmitted helminthes and schistosomiasis infections in pregnancy may necessitate initiation of preventive treatment of helminth infections during pregnancy.展开更多
The migratory pattern and attrition of<sup>75</sup>Se-labelled S.mansoni challenge cercariae in CF1mice immunized 0,1,3, or 5 times with 12kR-or 48kR-irradiated cercariae were investigatedby compressed org...The migratory pattern and attrition of<sup>75</sup>Se-labelled S.mansoni challenge cercariae in CF1mice immunized 0,1,3, or 5 times with 12kR-or 48kR-irradiated cercariae were investigatedby compressed organ autoradiography.Mice were percutaneously inoculated with 500-1000 cer-cariae for each immunization and with a known count of approximately 90 cercariae at adifferent site for challenge.The skin,lungs,liver,other organs,and catrcass were processedfor autoradiography.Hepatic and mesenteric perfusions for worm collection were alsosampled from day 19 through 34.In naive tnice,25% of challenge cercariae died in theskin.Skin attrition of challenge cercariae in mice immunized with 12kR-irradiated cercariaewas 43% with 1 immunization,54% with 3,and 58% with 5,whereas in mice immunized with48kR-irradiated cercariae,skin,attrition was48% with 1,63% with 3,and 76% with 5 immunni-zations.In all immunized mice,a high percentage of migrating sehistosomula died in the skinwithin 24 hours of a challenge infection.Utilizing autoradiography,it was found that thesilver foci created by single labelled worms were difficult to differentiate from those of pairedworms.This study documents the induction of acquired resistance against a challenge infectionin the skin by vaccination with highly irradiated cercariae,with the degree of attemtation ofimmunizing cercariae and the number of immunizations being closely related to the attritiotn.rate in the skin.Finally,we discuss the contradictory views concerning the site of attritiotn ofchallenge cercariae.展开更多
Six antigenic peptides of Sm26/2 glutathione S-transferase of schistosoma mansoni have been predicted according to their hydrophilicity, flexibility, accessibility, charge distribution and beta-turn in the secondary s...Six antigenic peptides of Sm26/2 glutathione S-transferase of schistosoma mansoni have been predicted according to their hydrophilicity, flexibility, accessibility, charge distribution and beta-turn in the secondary structure by the determination of its primary structure, and synthesized by solid phase method. Two of them showed good antigenicity by Dot-ELISA. They would be candidate peptides of synthetic anti-schistosomal vaccine.展开更多
Objective:To assess the molluscicidal effect of the eco-friendly green synthesized neem silver nanoparticles(neem-Ag NPs)against Biomphalaria alexandrina,the snail intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni,and their c...Objective:To assess the molluscicidal effect of the eco-friendly green synthesized neem silver nanoparticles(neem-Ag NPs)against Biomphalaria alexandrina,the snail intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni,and their cercaricidal potential.Methods:Methanol extracts from neem fruits were used for green synthesis of neem-Ag NPs.The neem-Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectra,dynamic laser light scattering technique,and transmission electron microscopy.The potential molluscicidal effect against adult and juvenile Biomphalaria alexandrina and the effect of the sub-lethal concentration on hatching of snail eggs and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were evaluated.Results:The surface plasmon resonance of neem-Ag NPs showed a sharp absorption peak atλ_(max)=518 nm together with multiple peaks.The hydrodynamic diameter was(77.15±34.53)nm,the polydispersity index(0.338±0.000)and the zeta-potential-14.07 mV.Moreover,transmission electron microscopy showed that the average size of the nanoparticles was(27±2)nm.Agglomeration was evident and a light-colored capping layer could be seen coating the nanoparticles.Juvenile snails(LC_(50):0.83 ppm)were more susceptible to neem-Ag NPs than adults(LC_(50):1.07 ppm).In addition,neem-Ag NPs and neem at LC_(50)concentrations inhibited the egg-hatching of snails and showed cercaricidal activity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions:Neem-Ag NPs have lethal activities against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and their eggs,as well as Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.Hence,neem-Ag NPs could be a potential agent to control schistosomiasis.展开更多
Profenophos is an organophosphorus pesticide which are used effectively against cotton insects and mites.The present work was carried out to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of pesticides (Profenophos) against Biom...Profenophos is an organophosphorus pesticide which are used effectively against cotton insects and mites.The present work was carried out to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of pesticides (Profenophos) against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Also, the effect of sublethal concentrations of pesticide on the infection of B. alexandrina with Schistosoma mansoni and some enzymes of energy metabolism were studied. The results showed that the infection of B. alexandrina with schistosoma mansoni was greatly reduced after exposure to LC0, LC10, LC25 of pesticide and also, reduction in number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The present study indicated that the increase in levels of aminotransaminases, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatases enzymes in haemolymph and soft tissue of snails and the activity level of lactate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and pyruvatekinase was also significantly reduced in response to treatment.展开更多
The present study was conducted mainly to establish a new concomitant immunity model to Schistosoma mansoni in mice and assess its effects on the resistance of mice to a challenge infection with a possibility of using...The present study was conducted mainly to establish a new concomitant immunity model to Schistosoma mansoni in mice and assess its effects on the resistance of mice to a challenge infection with a possibility of using as a diagnostic marker. Three groups (A, B and C) of BALB/c mice were infected with a single dose of S. mansoni cercariae obtained from infected Biomphalaria glabrata snail. The group A mice were used as infected control group. The group B mice were intraperitoneally injected with allylthiourea (ATU) 22 days post-primary infection then they were challenged 3 weeks post-ATU treatment. The group C mice were challenged with the same number of cercariae 6 weeks post-primary infection. Perfusion of all mice was done 9 weeks after infection in order to obtain worm burdens. The livers of all mice were obtained for parasitological and pathological assessments. Our results showed that the group B mice had a 29.11% worm reduction rate, 25.37% liver egg reduction rate, and 37.48% granuloma size reduction rate compared to their respective controls. While the group C mice showed superior results and had a 54.66% worm reduction rate, 41.45% liver egg reduction rate, and 51.76% granuloma size reduction rate. It was concluded that these results described novel imaging methods that permit visualization of live schistosomes within their living hosts and may have important implications not only for epidemiological and diagnostic investigations, but also in designing control programs for schistosomiasis including anti-schistosome vaccine.展开更多
The infection rate and cercarial production from B. glabrata, in comparison with B. alexandrina snails, post their exposure to S. mansoni miracidia of an E- gyptian strain after two cycles in albino-mice was stu-dies....The infection rate and cercarial production from B. glabrata, in comparison with B. alexandrina snails, post their exposure to S. mansoni miracidia of an E- gyptian strain after two cycles in albino-mice was stu-dies.The results indicated that infection rate of B. glabrata with the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni was less than that of B. alexandrina snails On the other hand infected B. glabrata exhibited a longer life span and a higher number of shedding cercariae, It was also, noticed that in the first cycle mice infected with S. mansoni cercariae shed from infected B. alexandrina snails, the mean number of worms recovered from infected mice was approximately twice that in mice infected with cercariae shed from infected B. glabrata snails The same observation was recorded from the mean number of ova/g liver tissue from infected mice. In the second cycle the same observation was recorded as first cycle suppression in the infection rate of B.glabrata than that B.alexandrina. Also, longer pre-patent period and life span Also, mice infection as the number of worms per infected mouse by cercariae shed from B.alexandrina snails was approximately 2.5 times that of mice infected by cercariae shed from B. glabrata being 29.3 and 12.5 worms/mouse.The results also indicated that the egg laying capacity of B. glabrata was higher than that B. alexandrina, It is concluded from this work that infectivity of S. man-soni cercariae shed from B. glabrata snails after two cycles of mice infection and used to infect the experi-mental final host was less than that of cercariae shed from infected B. alexandrina snails. This may declare a low compatibility of B. glabrata snails with the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni in comparison with B. alexandrina snails. However, this conclusion needs more passages of mice infection with cercariae to have precise data and conclusions.展开更多
BACKGROUND The evaluation of periportal fibrosis(PPF)is essential for a prognostic assessment of patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni.The WHO Niamey Protocol defines patterns of fibrosis from abdominal ultrasonograph...BACKGROUND The evaluation of periportal fibrosis(PPF)is essential for a prognostic assessment of patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni.The WHO Niamey Protocol defines patterns of fibrosis from abdominal ultrasonography,^(1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based metabonomics has been employed to assess liver fibrosis in some diseases.AIM To build 1H-NMR-based metabonomics models(MM)to discriminate mild from significant periportal PPF and identify differences in the metabolite profiles.METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was performed on schistosomiasis patients at a University Hospital in Northeastern Brazil.We evaluated 41 serum samples from 10 patients with mild PPF(C Niamey pattern)and 31 patients with significant PPF(D/E/F Niamey patterns).MM were built using partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)formalisms.RESULTS PLS-DA and OPLS-DA resulted in discrimination between mild and significant PPF groups with R2 and Q2 values of 0.80 and 0.38 and 0.72 and 0.42 for each model,respectively.The OPLS-DA model presented accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity values of 92.7%,90.3%,and 100%to discriminate significant PPF.The metabolites identified as responsible by discrimination were:Nacetylglucosamines,alanine,glycolaldehyde,carbohydrates,and valine.CONCLUSION MMs discriminated mild from significant PPF patterns in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni through identification of differences in serum metabolites profiles.展开更多
Schistosomiasis mansoni is a neglected disease and key public health problem,mainly due to its high prevalence,the scarcity of public policies,and the severity of some clinical forms.Periportal fibrosis(PPF)is the com...Schistosomiasis mansoni is a neglected disease and key public health problem,mainly due to its high prevalence,the scarcity of public policies,and the severity of some clinical forms.Periportal fibrosis(PPF)is the commonest complication of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni and its diagnosis requires different techniques.Even though wedge biopsy of the liver is considered the gold standard,it is not justified in non-surgical patients,and percutaneous liver biopsy may be informative but does not have sufficient sensitivity.Noninvasive PPF tests mostly include biological(serum biomarkers or combined scores)or physical assessments(imaging assessment of fibrosis pattern or tissue stiffness).Moreover,imaging techniques,such as ultrasound,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and elastography are applied not only to support the diagnosis of schistosomiasis,but also to assess and detect signs of portal hypertension and organ damage due to chronic schistosomiasis.A combination between a comprehensive history and physical examination with biomarkers for liver fibrosis and imaging methods seems to offer the best approach for evaluating these patients.In addition,understanding their strengths and limitations will allow a more accurate interpretation in the clinical context and can lead to greater accuracy in estimating the degree of fibrosis in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni(S.mansoni)infection.This review will discuss the different noninvasive methods that are currently available for the evaluation of PPF in S.mansoni infection,and their application,advantages,and limitations in clinical practice.展开更多
基金Supported by The Fund of Scientific Research(FWO),Flanders, Project G.0134.07the University of Antwerp,BOF Grant FA02/3/3257
文摘AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Foundation No.81260254)
文摘Objective:To predict structure and function of translationally controlled tumor protein(TCTP)from Spirometraa mansoni by bioinformatics technology,and to provide a theoretical basis for further study.Methods:Open reading frame(ORF)of EST sequence from Spirometra mansoni was obtained by ORE finder and was translated into amino acid residue by DNAclub.The structure domain was analyzed by Blast.By the method of online analysis tools:Protparam,InterProScan,protscale.SignalP-3.0,PSORTⅡ,BepiPred,TMHMM,VectorNT1 Suite 9 packages and Phyre2,the structure and function of the protein were predicted and analyzed.Results:The results showed that the EST sequence was Sm TCTP with 173 amino acid residues,theoretical molecular weight was 19 872.0 Da.The protein has the closest evolutionary status with Clonorchis sinensis.Schistosoma mansoni,and Schistosoma japonicum.Then it had no signal peptide site and transmembrane domain.Secondary structure of TCTP contained twoα-helices and eightβ-strands.Conclusions:Sm TCTP was a variety of biological functions of protein that may be used as a vaccine candidate molecule anti drug target.
基金financially supported by the Vice President Officefor Research and Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology(grant No.RDP/PY-014/09)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel(PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.Methods:In a cross-sectional study,stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia,in April 2010.Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni(5.mansoni) ova.Children who were found positive for S.mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration.Four weeks post-treatment,stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pretreatment.Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.Results:Pretreatment prevalence of S.mansoni infection was 74.9%with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6%(P<0.000 1,OR:8.33,CI:5.3-13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2%(P=0.03,F=0.64).The cure rate showed significant association with age(x^2=H,P=0.004),the highest rate being observed in the 15-22 age group.83%of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms,the most frerjiient being headache,nausea,and abdominal pain.These symptoms were associated with age(P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection(P<0.05).Conclusions:The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia.Hence,in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated,treatment failure,or reduced susceptibility of the parasite.Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.
基金Supported by the Academy of scientific Research and Technology in EgyplProgram of the National Strategy for Biotechnology and Genetie Engineering(Grant No.41/2005)
文摘Objective:To test Candonocypris novaezelandiae(Baird)(C.novaezelandiae),sub-class Ostracoda,obtained from the Nile,Egypt for its predatory activity on snail,Biomphalaria alexandrina(B.alexandrina),intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni)and on the free-living larval stages of this parasite(miracidia and cercariae).Methods:The predatory activity of C.novaezelandiae was determined on B.alexandrina snail(several densities of eggs,newly hatched and juveniles).This activity was also determined on S.mansoni miracidia and cercariae using different volumes of water and different numbers of larvae.C.novaezelandiae was also tested for its effect on infection of snails and on the cercarial production.Results:C.novaezelandiae was found to feed on the eggs,newly hatched and juvenile snails,but with significant reduction in the consumption in the presence of other diet like the blue green algae(Nostoc muscorum).This ostracod also showed considerable predatory activity on the free-living larval stages of S.mansoni which was affected by certain environmental factors such as volume of water,density of C.novaezelandiae and number of larvae of the parasite.Conclusions:The presence of this ostracod in the aquatic habitat led to significant reduction of snail population,infection rate of snails with schistosme miracidia as well as of cercarial production from the infected snails.This may suggest that introducing C.novaezelandiae into the habitat at schistosome riskv sites could suppress the transmission of the disease.
基金supported by by the University of Malaya research grant(BKP 007-2014)
文摘We report a case of a patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection who presented with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly.She was diagnosed by a serological test and Kato-Katz thick smear stool examination.The patient was a 52-year-old woman from Sudan who came to Malaysia for a week to visit her sons.The patient lives in the middle of Rabak region,Sudan,a highly endemic area for schistosomiasis where her daily routine includes rearing of cows and farming.The site of toilet and sources of drinking water are canals and wells;both infested with snails.Patient had a long history of exposure and coming into contact with water from these canals and wells.
文摘Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects about 290 million patients worldwide. Children aged between 5 and 14 years represent 45.8% of the affected patients, in addition, schistosomiasis has been reported in Schistosoma-free areas, mostly because of tourism and immigration from endemic countries. Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is mainly diagnosed via direct stool examination for egg detection. Immunological methods are favoured for disease monitoring and preliminary checking for communities in areas with low infection rates, and for patients with light and chronic infections where parasitological tests are negative. PCR-based diagnostic techniques are more sensitive, but expensive. Tegument proteins and miRNAs are promising markers for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Here we review the diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis mansoni aiming to reach a standardized technique for diagnosis of early infection to help better control of the disease.
文摘Objective:To assess the effect potency,and the immunomodulatory response of garlic oil extract in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by Schistosoma mamoni(S.mamoni) in mice at different stages of worm maturation.Methods:A total of 70 male CD-I Swiss albino mice were divided into 7 groups.Group Ⅰ:healthy control.Group Ⅱ:garlic oil group orally administrating 100 mg garlic oil extract /kg b.wt.3 d a week for 6 weeks.Group Ⅲ:infected with S.inansoni cercariae and left untreated for 42 d.Group Ⅳ:treated with garlic oil extract from day 1 to day 7 post infection(PI).Group Ⅴ:treated with garlic oil extract from day 14 till day 21 PI.Group Ⅵ:administrating garlic oil extract from day 35 until day 42 PI.Group Ⅶ received oil extract from the first day of infection for 42 d.Results:Garlic oil extract showed changes in the parasite tegument with a significant decrease in worm burden,hepatic and intestinal ova count with a decline in granuloma number and diameter.These alterations were accompanied with a reduction in serum TNF- α,ICAM-1,IgG and IgM after 7 and 42 d post S.mamoni cercarial infection.Conclusions:Results obtained confirmed the effect of garlic oil extract on the larval and mature stage of the parasite and in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by 5.mansoni in mice.
文摘Objective:To establish the prevalence and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) infection among schoolchildren at a village in Wolaita Zone.Sothern Ethiopia,Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among primary schoolchildren.A total of 384 randomly selected study subjects provided stool samples for parasitological examination by Kato-Katz and Formalin-Ether concentration techniques.Secondary parasitological data were obtained from Health Center Laboratory to see the previous history of.S.mansoni infection in the area.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.Results:From the total children examined.85.4% were found positive for at least one helminth infection.S.mansoni infection(81.3% ) was the most prevalent and the prevalence of STH was 32% ..Moderate and heavy infection intensities were only observed in S,mansoni infections.The overall heavy intensity of infection was 56.4% .Contact to Bisarc stream was the most important factor for S.mansoni infection(OR 3.9) followed by herding cattle near the stream(OR2.527).Males were twice more likely to get the infection than females(OR 1.923).Analysis of secondary parasitological data showed that S.mansoni infection was a leading helminthic infection over the past years.Conclusions:The present study found a higher intensity and prevalence of S.mansoni infection in a rural village of Wolaita Zone.Therefore,appropriate integrated control and prevention measures need to be implemented in the study area.
文摘BACKGROUND Genitourinary(GU)schistosomiasis is a chronic infection caused by a parasitic trematode,with Schistosoma haematobium(S.haematobium)being the prevalent species.The disease has a variable prevalence around the world,with a greater burden on,but not limited to Africa,South America,Asia,and the Middle East.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with symptoms of bladder stones.During endoscopic cystolithalopaxy,we did not detect any stones in the bladder.Upon careful scanning of the urinary bladder trigone,sandy patches were detected.We performed endoscopic resection,which revealed a closed diverticulum with bladder stones.The diverticular wall was sent for histopathology and revealed features of chronic granulomatous inflammation with numerous embedded Schistosoma eggs,with some of the eggs having lateral spines.The patient was treated with praziquantel,and his symptoms completely resolved.CONCLUSION GU schistosomiasis is primarily caused by S.haematobium.However,Schistosoma mansoni mediated GU schistosomiasis is unusual,making this a quite interesting case.
文摘The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of melatonin as an antioxidant separately or in combination with antigens （cerearial; CAP or soluble worm; SWAP） against Schistosoma mansoni infection in hamsters. Each hamster was sensitized with an initial immunization of 0.6 ml of the extracted antigen （30μg protein/mL）. After four days, a second injection of 0.4 mL was given （20μg protein/mL）. Then, each hamster was exposed to 260 ± 20 S. mansoni cercariae followed with melatonin treatment （3.5 mg/kg） for thirty days from the 1st day of post infection. Levels of lipid peroxidation （LPO） products, eatalase （CAT） activity, hepatic glutathione （GSH） and biochemical changes in the liver and kidneys functions were investigated. The results revealed a high significant increasing of LPO and decreasing of CAT and GSH in liver of infected hamsters. Biochemical observations showed severe damage in the liver enzyme activities and increasing cholesterol level in infected animals. Melatonin co-treatment with antigen to the infeeted-hamster attenuated the increase of LPO and restored the activity of CAT and levels of hepatic GSH. Also, the biochemical damages in the liver and kidneys funetions were reduced. The present study suggests that melatonin may be useful in combating free radical-induced damage due to infection toxicity. The immunization with previous antigens resulted in a remarkable improvement on the liver enzyme activities, which were increased after infection. Thus, vaccination of hamsters with antigens （both CAP and SWAP） and melatonin treatment has more potent effect on the enhancement of antioxidant and biochemical of S. mansoni infected-hamster than each treatment separately. Immunization of the hamster with SWAP followed by melatonin was the best way among the other regime treatments to improve the biochemical and antioxidant parameters of the infected-hamsters.
基金Instituto do Milênio de Bioengenharia Tecidual (IMBT, CNPq/MCT)Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO, FINEP/MCT)+1 种基金Fundao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)Fundao Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
文摘AIM： To investigate the potential of bone marrow mononuclear cells （BM-MCs） in the regeneration of hepatic lesions induced by Schistosoma mansoni （S.mansoni） chronic infection. METHODS： Female mice chronically infected with S.rnansoni were treated with BM-MCs obtained from male green fluorescent protein （GFP） transgenic mice by intravenous or intralobular injections. Control mice received injections of saline in similar conditions, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） assay for transforming growth factor-beta （TGF-β）, polymerase chain reaction （PCR） for GFP DNA, immunofluorescence and morphometric studies were performed. RESULTS： Transplanted GFP^＋ cells migrated to granuloma areas and reduced the percentage of liver fibrosis. The presence of donor-derived cells was confirmed by Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis for detection of cells bearing Y chromosome and by PCR analysis for detection of GFP DNA. The levels of TGF-β, a cytokine associated with fibrosis deposition, in liver fragments of mice submitted to therapy were reduced. The number of oval cells in liver sections of S.mansoni-infected mice increased 3-4 fold after transplantation. A partial recovery in albumin expression, which is decreased upon infection with S.mansoni, was found in livers of infected mice after cellular therapy. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, transplanted BMCs migrate to and reduce the damage of chronic fibrotic liver lesions caused by S.mansoni.
文摘In a cross-sectional survey among consented pregnant women, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria was carried out and stool examination was done to detect the presence of Schistosoma mansoni and soil transmitted helminthes using Kato-Katz technique. Intensity of infection was expressed as the number of eggs per gram (epg) of faeces. Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes was 8.3% and 0.83% for Schistosoma mansoni while none was positive for malaria infection. Lack of co-infection with malaria could be connected with the intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). Public health impact of soil transmitted helminthes and schistosomiasis infections in pregnancy may necessitate initiation of preventive treatment of helminth infections during pregnancy.
文摘The migratory pattern and attrition of<sup>75</sup>Se-labelled S.mansoni challenge cercariae in CF1mice immunized 0,1,3, or 5 times with 12kR-or 48kR-irradiated cercariae were investigatedby compressed organ autoradiography.Mice were percutaneously inoculated with 500-1000 cer-cariae for each immunization and with a known count of approximately 90 cercariae at adifferent site for challenge.The skin,lungs,liver,other organs,and catrcass were processedfor autoradiography.Hepatic and mesenteric perfusions for worm collection were alsosampled from day 19 through 34.In naive tnice,25% of challenge cercariae died in theskin.Skin attrition of challenge cercariae in mice immunized with 12kR-irradiated cercariaewas 43% with 1 immunization,54% with 3,and 58% with 5,whereas in mice immunized with48kR-irradiated cercariae,skin,attrition was48% with 1,63% with 3,and 76% with 5 immunni-zations.In all immunized mice,a high percentage of migrating sehistosomula died in the skinwithin 24 hours of a challenge infection.Utilizing autoradiography,it was found that thesilver foci created by single labelled worms were difficult to differentiate from those of pairedworms.This study documents the induction of acquired resistance against a challenge infectionin the skin by vaccination with highly irradiated cercariae,with the degree of attemtation ofimmunizing cercariae and the number of immunizations being closely related to the attritiotn.rate in the skin.Finally,we discuss the contradictory views concerning the site of attritiotn ofchallenge cercariae.
文摘Six antigenic peptides of Sm26/2 glutathione S-transferase of schistosoma mansoni have been predicted according to their hydrophilicity, flexibility, accessibility, charge distribution and beta-turn in the secondary structure by the determination of its primary structure, and synthesized by solid phase method. Two of them showed good antigenicity by Dot-ELISA. They would be candidate peptides of synthetic anti-schistosomal vaccine.
文摘Objective:To assess the molluscicidal effect of the eco-friendly green synthesized neem silver nanoparticles(neem-Ag NPs)against Biomphalaria alexandrina,the snail intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni,and their cercaricidal potential.Methods:Methanol extracts from neem fruits were used for green synthesis of neem-Ag NPs.The neem-Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectra,dynamic laser light scattering technique,and transmission electron microscopy.The potential molluscicidal effect against adult and juvenile Biomphalaria alexandrina and the effect of the sub-lethal concentration on hatching of snail eggs and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were evaluated.Results:The surface plasmon resonance of neem-Ag NPs showed a sharp absorption peak atλ_(max)=518 nm together with multiple peaks.The hydrodynamic diameter was(77.15±34.53)nm,the polydispersity index(0.338±0.000)and the zeta-potential-14.07 mV.Moreover,transmission electron microscopy showed that the average size of the nanoparticles was(27±2)nm.Agglomeration was evident and a light-colored capping layer could be seen coating the nanoparticles.Juvenile snails(LC_(50):0.83 ppm)were more susceptible to neem-Ag NPs than adults(LC_(50):1.07 ppm).In addition,neem-Ag NPs and neem at LC_(50)concentrations inhibited the egg-hatching of snails and showed cercaricidal activity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions:Neem-Ag NPs have lethal activities against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and their eggs,as well as Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.Hence,neem-Ag NPs could be a potential agent to control schistosomiasis.
文摘Profenophos is an organophosphorus pesticide which are used effectively against cotton insects and mites.The present work was carried out to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of pesticides (Profenophos) against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Also, the effect of sublethal concentrations of pesticide on the infection of B. alexandrina with Schistosoma mansoni and some enzymes of energy metabolism were studied. The results showed that the infection of B. alexandrina with schistosoma mansoni was greatly reduced after exposure to LC0, LC10, LC25 of pesticide and also, reduction in number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The present study indicated that the increase in levels of aminotransaminases, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatases enzymes in haemolymph and soft tissue of snails and the activity level of lactate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and pyruvatekinase was also significantly reduced in response to treatment.
文摘The present study was conducted mainly to establish a new concomitant immunity model to Schistosoma mansoni in mice and assess its effects on the resistance of mice to a challenge infection with a possibility of using as a diagnostic marker. Three groups (A, B and C) of BALB/c mice were infected with a single dose of S. mansoni cercariae obtained from infected Biomphalaria glabrata snail. The group A mice were used as infected control group. The group B mice were intraperitoneally injected with allylthiourea (ATU) 22 days post-primary infection then they were challenged 3 weeks post-ATU treatment. The group C mice were challenged with the same number of cercariae 6 weeks post-primary infection. Perfusion of all mice was done 9 weeks after infection in order to obtain worm burdens. The livers of all mice were obtained for parasitological and pathological assessments. Our results showed that the group B mice had a 29.11% worm reduction rate, 25.37% liver egg reduction rate, and 37.48% granuloma size reduction rate compared to their respective controls. While the group C mice showed superior results and had a 54.66% worm reduction rate, 41.45% liver egg reduction rate, and 51.76% granuloma size reduction rate. It was concluded that these results described novel imaging methods that permit visualization of live schistosomes within their living hosts and may have important implications not only for epidemiological and diagnostic investigations, but also in designing control programs for schistosomiasis including anti-schistosome vaccine.
文摘The infection rate and cercarial production from B. glabrata, in comparison with B. alexandrina snails, post their exposure to S. mansoni miracidia of an E- gyptian strain after two cycles in albino-mice was stu-dies.The results indicated that infection rate of B. glabrata with the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni was less than that of B. alexandrina snails On the other hand infected B. glabrata exhibited a longer life span and a higher number of shedding cercariae, It was also, noticed that in the first cycle mice infected with S. mansoni cercariae shed from infected B. alexandrina snails, the mean number of worms recovered from infected mice was approximately twice that in mice infected with cercariae shed from infected B. glabrata snails The same observation was recorded from the mean number of ova/g liver tissue from infected mice. In the second cycle the same observation was recorded as first cycle suppression in the infection rate of B.glabrata than that B.alexandrina. Also, longer pre-patent period and life span Also, mice infection as the number of worms per infected mouse by cercariae shed from B.alexandrina snails was approximately 2.5 times that of mice infected by cercariae shed from B. glabrata being 29.3 and 12.5 worms/mouse.The results also indicated that the egg laying capacity of B. glabrata was higher than that B. alexandrina, It is concluded from this work that infectivity of S. man-soni cercariae shed from B. glabrata snails after two cycles of mice infection and used to infect the experi-mental final host was less than that of cercariae shed from infected B. alexandrina snails. This may declare a low compatibility of B. glabrata snails with the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni in comparison with B. alexandrina snails. However, this conclusion needs more passages of mice infection with cercariae to have precise data and conclusions.
文摘BACKGROUND The evaluation of periportal fibrosis(PPF)is essential for a prognostic assessment of patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni.The WHO Niamey Protocol defines patterns of fibrosis from abdominal ultrasonography,^(1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based metabonomics has been employed to assess liver fibrosis in some diseases.AIM To build 1H-NMR-based metabonomics models(MM)to discriminate mild from significant periportal PPF and identify differences in the metabolite profiles.METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was performed on schistosomiasis patients at a University Hospital in Northeastern Brazil.We evaluated 41 serum samples from 10 patients with mild PPF(C Niamey pattern)and 31 patients with significant PPF(D/E/F Niamey patterns).MM were built using partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)formalisms.RESULTS PLS-DA and OPLS-DA resulted in discrimination between mild and significant PPF groups with R2 and Q2 values of 0.80 and 0.38 and 0.72 and 0.42 for each model,respectively.The OPLS-DA model presented accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity values of 92.7%,90.3%,and 100%to discriminate significant PPF.The metabolites identified as responsible by discrimination were:Nacetylglucosamines,alanine,glycolaldehyde,carbohydrates,and valine.CONCLUSION MMs discriminated mild from significant PPF patterns in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni through identification of differences in serum metabolites profiles.
文摘Schistosomiasis mansoni is a neglected disease and key public health problem,mainly due to its high prevalence,the scarcity of public policies,and the severity of some clinical forms.Periportal fibrosis(PPF)is the commonest complication of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni and its diagnosis requires different techniques.Even though wedge biopsy of the liver is considered the gold standard,it is not justified in non-surgical patients,and percutaneous liver biopsy may be informative but does not have sufficient sensitivity.Noninvasive PPF tests mostly include biological(serum biomarkers or combined scores)or physical assessments(imaging assessment of fibrosis pattern or tissue stiffness).Moreover,imaging techniques,such as ultrasound,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and elastography are applied not only to support the diagnosis of schistosomiasis,but also to assess and detect signs of portal hypertension and organ damage due to chronic schistosomiasis.A combination between a comprehensive history and physical examination with biomarkers for liver fibrosis and imaging methods seems to offer the best approach for evaluating these patients.In addition,understanding their strengths and limitations will allow a more accurate interpretation in the clinical context and can lead to greater accuracy in estimating the degree of fibrosis in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni(S.mansoni)infection.This review will discuss the different noninvasive methods that are currently available for the evaluation of PPF in S.mansoni infection,and their application,advantages,and limitations in clinical practice.
