BACKGROUND： Mannose-binding lectin 2 （MBL2） plays a key role in the host immune response, but whether it is associ- ated with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is not dear. The present study aimed to identify the as...BACKGROUND： Mannose-binding lectin 2 （MBL2） plays a key role in the host immune response, but whether it is associ- ated with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is not dear. The present study aimed to identify the association between MBL2 gene polymorphisms and HCC in patients with hepatitis B virus （I-IBV）-related cirrhosis in the Chinese population.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the early expression of mannose-binding lectin 2(MBL2) in human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs) infected by Aspergillus fumigatus(AF).METHODS: HCECs cultured in vitro with AF antigens and sampled at 0...AIM: To evaluate the early expression of mannose-binding lectin 2(MBL2) in human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs) infected by Aspergillus fumigatus(AF).METHODS: HCECs cultured in vitro with AF antigens and sampled at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8h. The expression of MBL2 m RNA was evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The expression of MBL2 protein in supernatant fluid was shown by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). MBL2 protein in HCECs was detected by immunocytochemistry at 0 and 24 h.RESULTS: MBL2 m RNA and protein are expressed in normal HCECs. The expression of MBL2 m RNA and protein in supernatant fluid begin to increase after being stimulated with AF antigens. The most significantly peak of MBL2 m RNA is in 2h. The protein of MBL2 in supernatant fluid decrease gradually after 0.5h. The protein in HCECs expression increase after stimulation of24 h.· CONCLUSION: MBL2 receptor expressed in normal HCECs in vitro. The stimulation by AF antigens can increase the early expression of it.展开更多
Background:Immune-and inflammation-related genes(IIRGs)play an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis(TB).However,the relationship between IIRG polymorphisms and TB risk remains unknown.In this study,the g...Background:Immune-and inflammation-related genes(IIRGs)play an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis(TB).However,the relationship between IIRG polymorphisms and TB risk remains unknown.In this study,the gene polymorphisms and their association with tuberculosis were determined in a Chinese population.Methods:We performed a case-control study involving 1016 patients with TB and 507 healthy controls of Han Chinese origin.Sixty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)belonging to 18 IIRGs were genotyped by the PCR-MassArray assay,and the obtained data was analyzed withχ2-test,Bonferroni correction,and unconditional logistic regression analysis.Results:We observed significant differences in the allele frequency of LTA rs2229094*C(P=0.015),MBL2 rs2099902*C(P=0.001),MBL2 rs930507*G(P=0.004),MBL2 rs10824793*G(P=0.004),and IL12RB1 rs2305740*G(P=0.040)between the TB and healthy groups.Increased TB risk was identified in the rs930507 G/G genotype(Padjusted=0.027)under a codominant genetic model as well as in the rs2099902(C/T+C/C)vs T/T genotype(Padjusted=0.020),rs930507(C/G+G/G)vs C/C genotype(Padjusted=0.027),and rs10824793(G/A+G/G)vs A/A genotype(Padjusted=0.017)under a dominant genetic model after Bonferroni correction in the analysis of the overall TB group rather than the TB subgroups.Furthermore,the rs10824793_rs7916582*GT and rs10824793_rs7916582*GC haplotypes were significantly associated with increased TB risk(P=0.001,odds ratio[OR]=1.421,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.152-1.753;and P=0.018,OR=1.364,95%CI:1.055-1.765,respectively).Moreover,the rs10824793_rs7916582*AT/AT or rs10824793_rs7916582*GT/GT diplotype showed a protective(P=0.003,OR=0.530,95%CI:0.349-0.805)or harmful(P=0.009,OR=1.396,95%CI:1.087-1.793)effect against the development of TB.Conclusions:This study indicated that MBL2 polymorphisms,haplotypes,and diplotypes were associated with TB susceptibility in the Han Chinese population.Additionally,larger sample size studies are needed to further confirm these findings in the future.展开更多
Objective： The aim of the study was to detect the levels of mannose-binding lectin （MBL）, MBL-associated serine protease 2 （MASP-2） and explore the clinical significances of them in patients with primary thyroid ...Objective： The aim of the study was to detect the levels of mannose-binding lectin （MBL）, MBL-associated serine protease 2 （MASP-2） and explore the clinical significances of them in patients with primary thyroid neoplasms. Methods： By using ELISA method, we detected the serum levels of MBL and MASP-2 in 26 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）, 30 patients with thyroid adenoma （TA） and 26 healthy people, respectively. Results： Serum MBL level was （565.23 ± 76.70） μg/L in PTCs higher than （324.267 ±24.74） μg/L in TAs, and （152.69± 16.95） IJg/L in healthy of controlling group. There was statistical significance between PTC and TA （P 〈 0.05）, however there was no difference between TA and healthy （P 〉 0.05）. Serum MASP-2 level was （726.153± 78.88） pg/L in PTCs higher than （379.266 ± 30.26） μg/L in TAs, and （203.846 ± 29.09） μg/L in healthy. Serum MASP-2 level was higher in PTCs than TAs, and the difference had statistical significance （P 〈 0.01）. But no difference was observed between in TAs and healthy. Conclusion： These findings might reflect inflammatory processes induced by defense mechanisms, in response to the development of the turnout. MBL may also be involved in the elimination of possible tumourigenic pathogens.展开更多
Numerous studies have been done to explore the association between mannose-binding lectin two （MBL2） gene polymorphisms and the risk of tuberculosis （TB）. However, the results are inconsistent. We performed a meta...Numerous studies have been done to explore the association between mannose-binding lectin two （MBL2） gene polymorphisms and the risk of tuberculosis （TB）. However, the results are inconsistent. We performed a meta-aualysis to investigate whether polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene were associated with TB risk. Databases including PubMed, Medline, Chinese Biomedicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database were searched to find relevant articles published up to 2 October, 2012. Odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence interval （CI） was used to evaluate the strength of association. All statistical tests were performed by using Revman 5.1 software and STATA 11.0 software. Six case-control studies including 1106 cases and 1190 controls were accepted in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that individuals carrying the MBL2 codon 54 B allele may have an increased risk of TB as compared with AA homozygotes （BB＋AB vs. AA： OR=1.52, 95% CI： 1.22-1.88）, whereas MBL2 ＋4 P/Q was possibly not associated with TB susceptibility in Chinese population.展开更多
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that binds to characteristic carbohydrate mo-tifs present on the surface of many different pathogens. MBL binding stimulates the immune system via the lec...Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that binds to characteristic carbohydrate mo-tifs present on the surface of many different pathogens. MBL binding stimulates the immune system via the lectin pathway of complement activation. In certain clinical situations, often characterized by pre-existing immune compromise, MBL deficiency increases the risk of infec-tious and other disease-specific complications. Many of the key pathogenic processes inherent to common gastroenterological diseases, such as infection, immuno-logical damage, and carcinogenesis, have been linked to MBL. This editorial reviews the biology of MBL, outlines key disease associations to document the breadth of influence of MBL, and finally, highlights the relevance of MBL to both gastroenterological health and disease.展开更多
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a mammalian lectin, is a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system and recognizes carbo-hydrates that are exposed on pathogens. In this study, we observed that fructose dow...Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a mammalian lectin, is a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system and recognizes carbo-hydrates that are exposed on pathogens. In this study, we observed that fructose down regu-lates MBL-mediated innate immune mechanisms against both influenza A virus (IAV) and Staphy-lococcus aureus. These mechanisms include the lectin complement pathway and coagulation enzyme-like activities on both pathogens. Fur-thermore, fructose also reduces MBL-mediated phagocytosis of S. aureus and IAV and MBL- mediated IAV infection to epithelial cells. In contrast, sucrose inhibits MBL-mediated im-mune mechanisms against S. aureus but not IAV. Together, our studies show that dietary sugars, in particular fructose, negatively regulate the innate immunity against viral and bacterial pathogens.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the potential adjuvant effect of Agrocybe aegerita lectin(AAL), which was isolated from mushroom, against a virulent H_9N_2 strain in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In trial 1, 50 BALB/c male mice(...Objective: To evaluate the potential adjuvant effect of Agrocybe aegerita lectin(AAL), which was isolated from mushroom, against a virulent H_9N_2 strain in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In trial 1, 50 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into five groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+0.2%(w/w) alum, inactivated H_9N_2+0.5 mg recombinant AAL/kg body weight(BW), inactivated H_9N_2+1.0 mg AAL/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg AAL/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. In trial 2, 30 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into three groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg recombinant wild-type AAL(AAL-wt)/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD) mutant AAL(AAL-mut R63H)/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. Seven days after the final immunization, serum samples were collected from each group for analysis. Hemagglutination assay, immunogold electron microscope, lectin blotting, and coimmunoprecipitation were used to study the interaction between AAL and H_9N_2 in vitro. Results: Ig G, Ig G1, and Ig G2 a antibody levels were significantly increased in the sera of mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL when compared to mice immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 alone. No significant increase of the Ig G antibody level was detected in the sera of the mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL-mut R63 H. Moreover, AAL-wt, but not mutant AAL-mut R63 H, adhered to the surface of H_9N_2 virus. The interaction between AAL and the H_9N_2 virus was further demonstrated to be associated with the CRD of AAL binding to the surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that AAL could be a safe and effective adjuvant capable of boosting humoral immunity against H_9N_2 viruses in mice through its interaction with the viral surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.展开更多
Objective: To explore the relationship and clinical value of serum phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), d-dimers, and serum galectin-3 (galectin-3) with atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in coronary artery patients with coron...Objective: To explore the relationship and clinical value of serum phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), d-dimers, and serum galectin-3 (galectin-3) with atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in coronary artery patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: A total of 248 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in our hospital from June 2017 to September 2018 were selected and divided into vulnerable plaque group (89), stable plaque group (89) and control group (70) according to the examination results. The serum levels of Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 in three groups were compared, as well as their correlation with the detection parameters. To evaluate the clinical value of Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque. Results: Serum Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 levels were significantly different from the three groups (P<0.05), and the control group < stable plaque group <vulnerable plaque group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 were significantly positively correlated with plaque area, plaque load, necrotic core and calcified tissue (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with fibrous lipid and fibrous tissue (P<0.01). ROC curve showed that Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 had certain predictive value for vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaques (AUC=0.939, 0.977, 0.920, P<0.01), and the three combinations (AUC=0.986, P<0.01) had higher predictive value. Conclusion: Serum Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 are significantly correlated with coronary atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in patients with coronary heart disease, with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of early atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques.展开更多
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81170447)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(13JC1404600)the Shanghai Committee for Science&Technology Project(094119524)
文摘BACKGROUND： Mannose-binding lectin 2 （MBL2） plays a key role in the host immune response, but whether it is associ- ated with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is not dear. The present study aimed to identify the association between MBL2 gene polymorphisms and HCC in patients with hepatitis B virus （I-IBV）-related cirrhosis in the Chinese population.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170825No.81300730)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the early expression of mannose-binding lectin 2(MBL2) in human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs) infected by Aspergillus fumigatus(AF).METHODS: HCECs cultured in vitro with AF antigens and sampled at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8h. The expression of MBL2 m RNA was evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The expression of MBL2 protein in supernatant fluid was shown by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). MBL2 protein in HCECs was detected by immunocytochemistry at 0 and 24 h.RESULTS: MBL2 m RNA and protein are expressed in normal HCECs. The expression of MBL2 m RNA and protein in supernatant fluid begin to increase after being stimulated with AF antigens. The most significantly peak of MBL2 m RNA is in 2h. The protein of MBL2 in supernatant fluid decrease gradually after 0.5h. The protein in HCECs expression increase after stimulation of24 h.· CONCLUSION: MBL2 receptor expressed in normal HCECs in vitro. The stimulation by AF antigens can increase the early expression of it.
基金This study was funded by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Grant No.Z181100001718005 and 19 L2152)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81801643)+1 种基金the Army"Twelfth Five"Scientific Research Foundation(Grant No.BWS11J050)the Chinese PLA General Hospital(Grant No.QNC19047)。
文摘Background:Immune-and inflammation-related genes(IIRGs)play an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis(TB).However,the relationship between IIRG polymorphisms and TB risk remains unknown.In this study,the gene polymorphisms and their association with tuberculosis were determined in a Chinese population.Methods:We performed a case-control study involving 1016 patients with TB and 507 healthy controls of Han Chinese origin.Sixty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)belonging to 18 IIRGs were genotyped by the PCR-MassArray assay,and the obtained data was analyzed withχ2-test,Bonferroni correction,and unconditional logistic regression analysis.Results:We observed significant differences in the allele frequency of LTA rs2229094*C(P=0.015),MBL2 rs2099902*C(P=0.001),MBL2 rs930507*G(P=0.004),MBL2 rs10824793*G(P=0.004),and IL12RB1 rs2305740*G(P=0.040)between the TB and healthy groups.Increased TB risk was identified in the rs930507 G/G genotype(Padjusted=0.027)under a codominant genetic model as well as in the rs2099902(C/T+C/C)vs T/T genotype(Padjusted=0.020),rs930507(C/G+G/G)vs C/C genotype(Padjusted=0.027),and rs10824793(G/A+G/G)vs A/A genotype(Padjusted=0.017)under a dominant genetic model after Bonferroni correction in the analysis of the overall TB group rather than the TB subgroups.Furthermore,the rs10824793_rs7916582*GT and rs10824793_rs7916582*GC haplotypes were significantly associated with increased TB risk(P=0.001,odds ratio[OR]=1.421,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.152-1.753;and P=0.018,OR=1.364,95%CI:1.055-1.765,respectively).Moreover,the rs10824793_rs7916582*AT/AT or rs10824793_rs7916582*GT/GT diplotype showed a protective(P=0.003,OR=0.530,95%CI:0.349-0.805)or harmful(P=0.009,OR=1.396,95%CI:1.087-1.793)effect against the development of TB.Conclusions:This study indicated that MBL2 polymorphisms,haplotypes,and diplotypes were associated with TB susceptibility in the Han Chinese population.Additionally,larger sample size studies are needed to further confirm these findings in the future.
基金Supported by a grant of Natural Science Funds Projects of Hebei Province (No. C2008001306)
文摘Objective： The aim of the study was to detect the levels of mannose-binding lectin （MBL）, MBL-associated serine protease 2 （MASP-2） and explore the clinical significances of them in patients with primary thyroid neoplasms. Methods： By using ELISA method, we detected the serum levels of MBL and MASP-2 in 26 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）, 30 patients with thyroid adenoma （TA） and 26 healthy people, respectively. Results： Serum MBL level was （565.23 ± 76.70） μg/L in PTCs higher than （324.267 ±24.74） μg/L in TAs, and （152.69± 16.95） IJg/L in healthy of controlling group. There was statistical significance between PTC and TA （P 〈 0.05）, however there was no difference between TA and healthy （P 〉 0.05）. Serum MASP-2 level was （726.153± 78.88） pg/L in PTCs higher than （379.266 ± 30.26） μg/L in TAs, and （203.846 ± 29.09） μg/L in healthy. Serum MASP-2 level was higher in PTCs than TAs, and the difference had statistical significance （P 〈 0.01）. But no difference was observed between in TAs and healthy. Conclusion： These findings might reflect inflammatory processes induced by defense mechanisms, in response to the development of the turnout. MBL may also be involved in the elimination of possible tumourigenic pathogens.
文摘Numerous studies have been done to explore the association between mannose-binding lectin two （MBL2） gene polymorphisms and the risk of tuberculosis （TB）. However, the results are inconsistent. We performed a meta-aualysis to investigate whether polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene were associated with TB risk. Databases including PubMed, Medline, Chinese Biomedicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database were searched to find relevant articles published up to 2 October, 2012. Odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence interval （CI） was used to evaluate the strength of association. All statistical tests were performed by using Revman 5.1 software and STATA 11.0 software. Six case-control studies including 1106 cases and 1190 controls were accepted in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that individuals carrying the MBL2 codon 54 B allele may have an increased risk of TB as compared with AA homozygotes （BB＋AB vs. AA： OR=1.52, 95% CI： 1.22-1.88）, whereas MBL2 ＋4 P/Q was possibly not associated with TB susceptibility in Chinese population.
文摘Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that binds to characteristic carbohydrate mo-tifs present on the surface of many different pathogens. MBL binding stimulates the immune system via the lectin pathway of complement activation. In certain clinical situations, often characterized by pre-existing immune compromise, MBL deficiency increases the risk of infec-tious and other disease-specific complications. Many of the key pathogenic processes inherent to common gastroenterological diseases, such as infection, immuno-logical damage, and carcinogenesis, have been linked to MBL. This editorial reviews the biology of MBL, outlines key disease associations to document the breadth of influence of MBL, and finally, highlights the relevance of MBL to both gastroenterological health and disease.
文摘Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a mammalian lectin, is a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system and recognizes carbo-hydrates that are exposed on pathogens. In this study, we observed that fructose down regu-lates MBL-mediated innate immune mechanisms against both influenza A virus (IAV) and Staphy-lococcus aureus. These mechanisms include the lectin complement pathway and coagulation enzyme-like activities on both pathogens. Fur-thermore, fructose also reduces MBL-mediated phagocytosis of S. aureus and IAV and MBL- mediated IAV infection to epithelial cells. In contrast, sucrose inhibits MBL-mediated im-mune mechanisms against S. aureus but not IAV. Together, our studies show that dietary sugars, in particular fructose, negatively regulate the innate immunity against viral and bacterial pathogens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30771501 and 81102850)the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2011CB811302)+2 种基金the National Mega Project on Major Drug Development(No.2009ZX09301-014-1)the Chinese 111 Project(No.B06018)the Wuhan Municipal Project(No.201160923296),China
文摘Objective: To evaluate the potential adjuvant effect of Agrocybe aegerita lectin(AAL), which was isolated from mushroom, against a virulent H_9N_2 strain in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In trial 1, 50 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into five groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+0.2%(w/w) alum, inactivated H_9N_2+0.5 mg recombinant AAL/kg body weight(BW), inactivated H_9N_2+1.0 mg AAL/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg AAL/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. In trial 2, 30 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into three groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg recombinant wild-type AAL(AAL-wt)/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD) mutant AAL(AAL-mut R63H)/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. Seven days after the final immunization, serum samples were collected from each group for analysis. Hemagglutination assay, immunogold electron microscope, lectin blotting, and coimmunoprecipitation were used to study the interaction between AAL and H_9N_2 in vitro. Results: Ig G, Ig G1, and Ig G2 a antibody levels were significantly increased in the sera of mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL when compared to mice immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 alone. No significant increase of the Ig G antibody level was detected in the sera of the mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL-mut R63 H. Moreover, AAL-wt, but not mutant AAL-mut R63 H, adhered to the surface of H_9N_2 virus. The interaction between AAL and the H_9N_2 virus was further demonstrated to be associated with the CRD of AAL binding to the surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that AAL could be a safe and effective adjuvant capable of boosting humoral immunity against H_9N_2 viruses in mice through its interaction with the viral surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
文摘Objective: To explore the relationship and clinical value of serum phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), d-dimers, and serum galectin-3 (galectin-3) with atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in coronary artery patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: A total of 248 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in our hospital from June 2017 to September 2018 were selected and divided into vulnerable plaque group (89), stable plaque group (89) and control group (70) according to the examination results. The serum levels of Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 in three groups were compared, as well as their correlation with the detection parameters. To evaluate the clinical value of Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque. Results: Serum Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 levels were significantly different from the three groups (P<0.05), and the control group < stable plaque group <vulnerable plaque group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 were significantly positively correlated with plaque area, plaque load, necrotic core and calcified tissue (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with fibrous lipid and fibrous tissue (P<0.01). ROC curve showed that Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 had certain predictive value for vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaques (AUC=0.939, 0.977, 0.920, P<0.01), and the three combinations (AUC=0.986, P<0.01) had higher predictive value. Conclusion: Serum Lp-PLA2, d-dimer and galectin-3 are significantly correlated with coronary atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in patients with coronary heart disease, with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of early atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques.
