Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association of atopic dermatitis(AD)and anxiety/depression behaviors induced by AD with the intestinal microbiota.Additionally,it sought to evaluate the therapeutic potent...Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association of atopic dermatitis(AD)and anxiety/depression behaviors induced by AD with the intestinal microbiota.Additionally,it sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of mannan oligosaccharide(MOS)in alleviating AD symptoms through the modulation of the gut microbiota and the enhancement of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production.Methods:Female Kunming mice were challenged with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB)to induce AD-like symptoms.MOS was administered orally daily for 14 days.On the 6th and 11th days post-modeling,the number of scratching bouts in mice was recorded.Following dissection,epidermal thickness,mast cell infiltration,and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured.Meanwhile,cerebral levels of neurotransmitters,including 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and norepinephrine(NE),were assessed.The abundance of intestinal microbiota and fecal concentrations of SCFAs were also analyzed.Results:MOS significantly reduced AD-like symptoms by reducing inflammatory cytokines,as reflected in a significant decrease in the number of scratching bouts,epidermal thickness,mast cells and inflammatory cytokine levels.MOS intervention up-regulated the expression of 5-HT and NE,and consequently alleviated anxiety and depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,compared with the AD group,MOS intervention increased the gut microbiota abundance of mice,especially beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Klebsiella.At the same time,these beneficial bacteria significantly increased the fecal contents of SCFAs,especially propionic acid.Correlation analysis indicated that AD amelioration was positively correlated with fecal SCFAs levels and the proliferation of certain intestinal microbes.Conclusion:MOS intervention could offer a novel approach to managing AD and its psychological comorbidities.展开更多
AIM： To test whether humoral immune reaction against mycobacteria may play a role in anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies （ASCA） generation in Crohn＇s disease （CD） and/or whether it correlates with clinical...AIM： To test whether humoral immune reaction against mycobacteria may play a role in anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies （ASCA） generation in Crohn＇s disease （CD） and/or whether it correlates with clinical subtypes. METHODS： The dominant ASCA epitope was detected by Galanthus nivalis lectin （GNL）-binding assay. ASCA and IgG against mycobacterial lysates （M avium, M smegmatis, M chelonae, M bovis BCG M avium ssp. paratuberculosis （MAP）] or purified lipoarabinomannans （LAM） were detected by ELISA. ASCA and anti-mycobacterial antibodies were affinity purified to assess cross-reactivities. Anti-mycobacterial IgG were induced by BCG-infection of mice. RESULTS： GNL bound to different extents to mycobacterial lysates, abundantly to purified mannosecapped （Man） LAM from M tuberculosis, but not to uncapped LAM from M srnegrnatis. Fifteen to 45% of CD patients but only 0%-6% of controls were seropositive against different mycobacterial antigens. Anti-mycobacterial IgG correlated with ASCA （r = 0.37-0.64; P = 0.003-P 〈 0.001）. ASCA-positivity and deficiency for mannan-binding lectin synergistically associated with anti-mycobacterial IgG. In some patients, anti-mycobacterial antibodies represent crossreactive ASCA. Vice-versa, the predominant fraction of ASCA did not cross-react with mycobacteria. Finally, fistulizing disease associated with antibodies against M avium, M smegmatis and MAP （P = 0.024, 0.004 and 0.045, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Similar to ASCA, seroreactivity against mycobacteria may define CD patients with complicated disease and a predisposition for immune responses against ubiquitous antigens. While in some patients anti-mycobacterial antibodies strongly cross-react with yeast mannan; these cross-reactive antibodies only represent a minor fraction of total ASCA. Thus, mycobacterial infection unlikely plays a role in ASCA induction.展开更多
Properties of enzyme production of a Bacillus subtitles strain （ MSJ-5 ） isolated from soil were studied in the test. Enzyme production reached the peak when MSJ-5 being cultured in fermentation medium for 32 h. 6-1...Properties of enzyme production of a Bacillus subtitles strain （ MSJ-5 ） isolated from soil were studied in the test. Enzyme production reached the peak when MSJ-5 being cultured in fermentation medium for 32 h. 6-1,4-D-mannanase was the main component of crude enzyme solution, test results showed that the optimal reaction temperature of the enzyme was 50 ℃, the optimum reaction pH was 7.0, and the enzyme was stable when pH was 5.0 -7.0. Hydrolysis test re- suits showed that β-1,4-D-mannanase produced by MSJ-5 had significant viscosity reduction effects on Konjak mannan, and the major hydrolysis product was man- nan oligosaecharide. The results indicated that 6-1,4-D-mannanase produced by B. subtilis MSJ-5 had application potential in feed ingredients and functional oligo- saccharides industry.展开更多
Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract （GIT） of piglets during weaning transition can experience a sharp change which could result in growth reduction and diarrhea of weaned piglets. Dietary manipulations can play...Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract （GIT） of piglets during weaning transition can experience a sharp change which could result in growth reduction and diarrhea of weaned piglets. Dietary manipulations can play an important role in attenuating such changes caused by weaning stress. Therefore, ileal and colonic contents of weaned piglets were used as inocula, mannan oligosaccharide （MOS） or sugar beet pulp （SBP） was supplied as single energy sources to investigate effects of MOS or SBP on the shifts of gastro-intestinal microflora and lactobacilli populations. The universal bacteria- and lactobacilli-specific PCR/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, cloning and sequencing techniques were used. DGGE profiles of the universal bacteria showed that great changes were found in the position, numbers and intensity of dominant bands after fermentation. The similarity of bacterial community between ileum and colon was increased to 85-97% by MOS or SBP treatment after fermentation from the similarity with 20% before fermentation. MOS treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in both ileal and colonic fermentation （P〈0.05）. SBP treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in colon （P〈0.05）. It implies that some species were enriched by the addition of MOS or SBP to increase the similarity and diversity of bacterial community in weaned piglets. Five specific bands appearing in MOS or SBP treatment group after fermentation were cloned and sequenced, the changes of species related to Prevotella and Ruminococcus were observed. Two bands related to uncultured bacterium with 98% similarity were detected by MOS or SBP treatment. However, there were no effects on the similarity, diversity index and lactobacilli species revealed by MOS or SBP treatment. These results imply that MOS or SBP could have beneficial effects on the weaning piglets by stablizing microbiota in the GIT microflora.展开更多
[Objective]This experiment was conducted on Pseudosciaena crocea to study the effects of mannan oligosaccharides on growth and antibacterial ability. [Method]1 500 experimental fishes were divided into five groups. Th...[Objective]This experiment was conducted on Pseudosciaena crocea to study the effects of mannan oligosaccharides on growth and antibacterial ability. [Method]1 500 experimental fishes were divided into five groups. The control group（ C） contained no mannan oligosaccharides,the treatment groups were contained 100,200,400,800 mg /kg of konjac mannan oligosaccharides in basal diet,respectively. The experiment continued 4 months. [Result]The results showed that Konjac Mannan oligosaccharides could significantly improve weight gain Pseudosciaena crocea. Compared with control group,Test 2 group intestine protease activity increased by 45. 74%,hepatopancreatic lipase activity increased by 31. 37%,amylase activity increased by 27. 16%. Comparison with the control group,the test group serum SOD activity was significantly higher than that in the control group（ P 〈0. 05）. Lysozyme（ LZM） activity,spleen and serum test group was significantly higher than that in the control group（ P 〈0.05）. Pseudosciaena crocea were infected by Anguillarum,compared with control group,the survival rate is higher than that of the control group（ P 〈0. 05） when the dosage of 200 mg /kg,400 mg /kg. [Conclusion]According to the test results,the Konjac Mannan oligosaccharides in the basal diet suitable dosage were 200 mg /kg.展开更多
To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan of pathogenic yeast, Candida catenulata IFO 0745 strain, which possess the epitopes of antigenic factors 1, 9, and 34 to genus Candida, we previously performed...To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan of pathogenic yeast, Candida catenulata IFO 0745 strain, which possess the epitopes of antigenic factors 1, 9, and 34 to genus Candida, we previously performed the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of this mannan, Fr. C, without the need for harsh procedures. In this study, three oligosaccharides, biose, triose, and tetraose, and mannose were isolated from Fr. C by acetolysis. The results of NMR analysis indicate that the chemical structures of these oligosaccharides were identified to Manα1-2Man, Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Man. The most of resultant mannose seems to be originated from the α-1,6-linked mannan backbone which is recognized by antiserum to factor 9. The inhibition assay of slide agglutination reaction between Fr. C and antigenic antibodies using three oligosaccharides indicate that the Manα1-2Manα1-2Man and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Man possess domains corresponding to immunodominants of antigenic factors 1 and 34, respectively.展开更多
To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan obtained from pathogenic yeast, Candida tropicalis NBRC 1400 (former antigenic standard strain, IFO 1400). As a result of two-dimensional NMR analysis, it was ...To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan obtained from pathogenic yeast, Candida tropicalis NBRC 1400 (former antigenic standard strain, IFO 1400). As a result of two-dimensional NMR analysis, it was shown that the mannan of this strain is composed of α-1,6-, α-1,3-, α-1,2- and β-1,2-linked mannose residues. In this research, the mannan was subjected to three degradation procedures, acid-treatment, α-mannosidase, and acetolysis under two conditions in order to determine the chemical structure of the antigenic oligomannosyl side chains in this molecule. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of resultant oligosaccharides, pentaose and hexaose, demonstrated the existence of the oligomannosyl side chains corresponding to Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, respectively, which have previously also been found in Candida albicans serotype A strain mannans. These findings indicate that C. tropicalis and C. albicans serotype A have no significant difference in the chemical structure of these cell wall mannans. Therefore, it can be interpreted that it is extremely difficult to distinguish both species by targeting the antigenic group in these mannans.展开更多
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）, extracted from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and acidifier calcium formate （CF） on some performance...The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）, extracted from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and acidifier calcium formate （CF） on some performance parameters and egg quality characteristics of Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica）. During the experimental period, which lasted 90 days, one hundred eighty three, 42-day-old quail, were distributed into 4 groups of 3 replications each and were placed in separate wire suspended cages. The birds of control group received a commercial feed, while the birds of the other 3 groups received the same feed, to which either 6 g CF kg^-1 or 1 g MOS kg^-1 or both 6 g CF kg^-1 plus 1 g MOS kg^-1 were added. The live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality of birds were not significantly affected. The addition of MOS in the feed significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased palmitic acid percentage of egg yolk. Also, the addition of CF significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased egg shape index and palmitic acid percentage of egg yolk. Furthermore, significant （P 〈 0.05） interaction between MOS and CF was observed on palmitic acid percentage, egg shape index and egg shell thickness. No significant effect was observed for egg： weight, specific weight, parts percentage （yolk, albumen, shell）, shell deformation, yolk diameter and yolk colour （L＊a＊b＊ colour space）.展开更多
Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning respon...Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy balance.Methods: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin concentrations.Results: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P < 0.05). The ISS treatment did not impact nitrogen balance or nutrient digestibility(P > 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance in pigs and is the first to directly relate decreased ADG to increased MEm independent of changes in feed intake in immune challenged pigs. Immune stimulation increased energy partitioning to the immune system by 23% which limited lipid deposition and weight gain. Understanding energy and nutrient partitioning in immune-stressed pigs may provide insight into more effective feeding and management strategies.展开更多
Antigenicity of pathogenic yeast Candida zeylanoides NBRC 10326 was found to have similar to that of Candida guilliermondii, but it was slightly different, i.e. NBRC 10326 strain cells react strongly with the factor a...Antigenicity of pathogenic yeast Candida zeylanoides NBRC 10326 was found to have similar to that of Candida guilliermondii, but it was slightly different, i.e. NBRC 10326 strain cells react strongly with the factor antibodies 1, 4, and 9, and react relatively weakly with factor antibody 5. We have investigated the structural characteristic of cell wall mannan of this strain using a non-degradable method, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The results obtained from NMR analysis, the two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn, indicated that C. zeylanoides mannan contains α-1, 3-linked and β-1,2-linked oligomannosyl side chains corresponding to C. guilliermondii specific antigenic factor 9. In addition, it was found that the mannan contains β-1,2-linked oligomannosyl side chains attached to phosphate groups corresponding to anitigenic factor 5, which were not found in C. guilliermondii mannan.展开更多
On two dimensional maps of <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C correlation spectroscopy (H-C COSY) analysis for the mannan of <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, nine cross peaks of anomeric proton...On two dimensional maps of <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C correlation spectroscopy (H-C COSY) analysis for the mannan of <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, nine cross peaks of anomeric proton and carbon were useful for the purpose of obtaining information on the chemical structure of this molecule. Namely, the mannans was comb-like structure constructed with the linear <i>α</i>-1,6-linked polymannnosyl backbone and several oligomannnosyl side chains composed of <i>α</i>-1,2-, <i>α</i>-1,3-, and <i>β</i>-1,2-linkages. Therefore, in the structural investigation of comb-like mannan, two-dimensional H-C COSY analysis is as useful as two-dimensional nuclear Hartmann-Hahn (HOHAHA) analysis.展开更多
Eczema belongs to the category of "Namusu" disease in Mongolian medicine. It is a common skin disease caused by "Xiri Wusu" combined with "blood". This paper briefly describes the effect ...Eczema belongs to the category of "Namusu" disease in Mongolian medicine. It is a common skin disease caused by "Xiri Wusu" combined with "blood". This paper briefly describes the effect of Mongolian medicine five kinds of mannan herbal bath modified prescription in the treatment of this disease, which is convenient for clinical reference and provides new ideas for scientific researchers.展开更多
Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen...Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Methods A total of 540 grass carp were used for the study.They were administered six gradient dosages of the MOS diet(0,200,400,600,800,and 1,000 mg/kg)for 60 d.Subsequently,we performed a 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment.The antioxidant capacity of the head kidney and spleen were examined using spectrophotometry,DNA fragmentation,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting.Results After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila,400-600 mg/kg MOS supplementation decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species,protein carbonyl,and malonaldehyde and increased the levels of anti-superoxide anion,antihydroxyl radical,and glutathione in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp.The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,manganese superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione S-transferase,glutathione reductase,and glutathione peroxidase were also enhanced by supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.Furthermore,the expression of most antioxidant enzymes and their corresponding genes increased significantly with supplementation of 200-800 mg/kg MOS.mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 also increased following supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.In addition,supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS reduced excessive apoptosis by inhibiting the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway processes.Conclusions Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the above biomarkers(reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and protein carbonyl)of oxidative damage in the head kidney and spleen of on-growing grass carp,the recommended MOS supplementation is 575.21,557.58,531.86,597.35,570.16,and 553.80 mg/kg,respectively.Collectively,MOS supplementation could alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.展开更多
目的:探讨尿液脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖(lipoarabinomannan,LAM)抗原检测对肺外结核患者的诊断价值。方法:连续收集2023年4月至2024年6月于杭州市红十字会医院就诊的92例疑似肺外结核患者的尿液样本进行LAM抗原检测,且对相应病灶部位样本进行Ge...目的:探讨尿液脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖(lipoarabinomannan,LAM)抗原检测对肺外结核患者的诊断价值。方法:连续收集2023年4月至2024年6月于杭州市红十字会医院就诊的92例疑似肺外结核患者的尿液样本进行LAM抗原检测,且对相应病灶部位样本进行GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“Xpert”)检测。以临床综合诊断为参考标准,比较两种方法单独及联合检测对肺外结核的诊断效能。结果:以临床综合诊断结果为标准,尿液LAM抗原和Xpert检测肺外结核的敏感度、特异度和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为49.3%(95%CI:36.8%~61.8%)、92.0%(95%CI:74.0%~99.0%)、0.706(95%CI:0.602~0.797)和49.3%(95%CI:36.8%~61.8%)、100.0%(95%CI:86.3%~100.0%)、0.746(95%CI:0.645~0.831)。尿液LAM抗原联合Xpert检测肺外结核的敏感度为73.1%(95%CI:60.9%~83.2%),高于尿液LAM抗原检测和Xpert检测,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.672,P<0.001;χ^(2)=17.576,P<0.001);AUC为0.826(95%CI:0.733~0.897),高于尿液LAM抗原检测和Xpert检测,差异均有统计学意义(Z=1.602,P<0.001;Z=4.175,P=0.037)。结论:尿液LAM抗原检测在肺外结核的诊断中具有一定的应用前景,联合Xpert可以提高检测的敏感度,提升在肺外结核诊断中的应用价值。展开更多
文摘Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association of atopic dermatitis(AD)and anxiety/depression behaviors induced by AD with the intestinal microbiota.Additionally,it sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of mannan oligosaccharide(MOS)in alleviating AD symptoms through the modulation of the gut microbiota and the enhancement of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production.Methods:Female Kunming mice were challenged with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB)to induce AD-like symptoms.MOS was administered orally daily for 14 days.On the 6th and 11th days post-modeling,the number of scratching bouts in mice was recorded.Following dissection,epidermal thickness,mast cell infiltration,and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured.Meanwhile,cerebral levels of neurotransmitters,including 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and norepinephrine(NE),were assessed.The abundance of intestinal microbiota and fecal concentrations of SCFAs were also analyzed.Results:MOS significantly reduced AD-like symptoms by reducing inflammatory cytokines,as reflected in a significant decrease in the number of scratching bouts,epidermal thickness,mast cells and inflammatory cytokine levels.MOS intervention up-regulated the expression of 5-HT and NE,and consequently alleviated anxiety and depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,compared with the AD group,MOS intervention increased the gut microbiota abundance of mice,especially beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Klebsiella.At the same time,these beneficial bacteria significantly increased the fecal contents of SCFAs,especially propionic acid.Correlation analysis indicated that AD amelioration was positively correlated with fecal SCFAs levels and the proliferation of certain intestinal microbes.Conclusion:MOS intervention could offer a novel approach to managing AD and its psychological comorbidities.
基金The Swiss National Science Foundation grant No. SNSF 3200B0-107527/1 to F. Seibold
文摘AIM： To test whether humoral immune reaction against mycobacteria may play a role in anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies （ASCA） generation in Crohn＇s disease （CD） and/or whether it correlates with clinical subtypes. METHODS： The dominant ASCA epitope was detected by Galanthus nivalis lectin （GNL）-binding assay. ASCA and IgG against mycobacterial lysates （M avium, M smegmatis, M chelonae, M bovis BCG M avium ssp. paratuberculosis （MAP）] or purified lipoarabinomannans （LAM） were detected by ELISA. ASCA and anti-mycobacterial antibodies were affinity purified to assess cross-reactivities. Anti-mycobacterial IgG were induced by BCG-infection of mice. RESULTS： GNL bound to different extents to mycobacterial lysates, abundantly to purified mannosecapped （Man） LAM from M tuberculosis, but not to uncapped LAM from M srnegrnatis. Fifteen to 45% of CD patients but only 0%-6% of controls were seropositive against different mycobacterial antigens. Anti-mycobacterial IgG correlated with ASCA （r = 0.37-0.64; P = 0.003-P 〈 0.001）. ASCA-positivity and deficiency for mannan-binding lectin synergistically associated with anti-mycobacterial IgG. In some patients, anti-mycobacterial antibodies represent crossreactive ASCA. Vice-versa, the predominant fraction of ASCA did not cross-react with mycobacteria. Finally, fistulizing disease associated with antibodies against M avium, M smegmatis and MAP （P = 0.024, 0.004 and 0.045, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Similar to ASCA, seroreactivity against mycobacteria may define CD patients with complicated disease and a predisposition for immune responses against ubiquitous antigens. While in some patients anti-mycobacterial antibodies strongly cross-react with yeast mannan; these cross-reactive antibodies only represent a minor fraction of total ASCA. Thus, mycobacterial infection unlikely plays a role in ASCA induction.
基金Supported by National Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)Scientific Special Project(201203001)Shandong Agricultural Sciences Youth Fund Project(2014QNM21)Shandong Independent Innovation Achievements Special(2013ZHZX2A0402)
文摘Properties of enzyme production of a Bacillus subtitles strain （ MSJ-5 ） isolated from soil were studied in the test. Enzyme production reached the peak when MSJ-5 being cultured in fermentation medium for 32 h. 6-1,4-D-mannanase was the main component of crude enzyme solution, test results showed that the optimal reaction temperature of the enzyme was 50 ℃, the optimum reaction pH was 7.0, and the enzyme was stable when pH was 5.0 -7.0. Hydrolysis test re- suits showed that β-1,4-D-mannanase produced by MSJ-5 had significant viscosity reduction effects on Konjak mannan, and the major hydrolysis product was man- nan oligosaecharide. The results indicated that 6-1,4-D-mannanase produced by B. subtilis MSJ-5 had application potential in feed ingredients and functional oligo- saccharides industry.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2004CB117500)
文摘Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract （GIT） of piglets during weaning transition can experience a sharp change which could result in growth reduction and diarrhea of weaned piglets. Dietary manipulations can play an important role in attenuating such changes caused by weaning stress. Therefore, ileal and colonic contents of weaned piglets were used as inocula, mannan oligosaccharide （MOS） or sugar beet pulp （SBP） was supplied as single energy sources to investigate effects of MOS or SBP on the shifts of gastro-intestinal microflora and lactobacilli populations. The universal bacteria- and lactobacilli-specific PCR/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, cloning and sequencing techniques were used. DGGE profiles of the universal bacteria showed that great changes were found in the position, numbers and intensity of dominant bands after fermentation. The similarity of bacterial community between ileum and colon was increased to 85-97% by MOS or SBP treatment after fermentation from the similarity with 20% before fermentation. MOS treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in both ileal and colonic fermentation （P〈0.05）. SBP treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in colon （P〈0.05）. It implies that some species were enriched by the addition of MOS or SBP to increase the similarity and diversity of bacterial community in weaned piglets. Five specific bands appearing in MOS or SBP treatment group after fermentation were cloned and sequenced, the changes of species related to Prevotella and Ruminococcus were observed. Two bands related to uncultured bacterium with 98% similarity were detected by MOS or SBP treatment. However, there were no effects on the similarity, diversity index and lactobacilli species revealed by MOS or SBP treatment. These results imply that MOS or SBP could have beneficial effects on the weaning piglets by stablizing microbiota in the GIT microflora.
基金Funded by Key Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(10 jc140620011320501200)
文摘[Objective]This experiment was conducted on Pseudosciaena crocea to study the effects of mannan oligosaccharides on growth and antibacterial ability. [Method]1 500 experimental fishes were divided into five groups. The control group（ C） contained no mannan oligosaccharides,the treatment groups were contained 100,200,400,800 mg /kg of konjac mannan oligosaccharides in basal diet,respectively. The experiment continued 4 months. [Result]The results showed that Konjac Mannan oligosaccharides could significantly improve weight gain Pseudosciaena crocea. Compared with control group,Test 2 group intestine protease activity increased by 45. 74%,hepatopancreatic lipase activity increased by 31. 37%,amylase activity increased by 27. 16%. Comparison with the control group,the test group serum SOD activity was significantly higher than that in the control group（ P 〈0. 05）. Lysozyme（ LZM） activity,spleen and serum test group was significantly higher than that in the control group（ P 〈0.05）. Pseudosciaena crocea were infected by Anguillarum,compared with control group,the survival rate is higher than that of the control group（ P 〈0. 05） when the dosage of 200 mg /kg,400 mg /kg. [Conclusion]According to the test results,the Konjac Mannan oligosaccharides in the basal diet suitable dosage were 200 mg /kg.
文摘To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan of pathogenic yeast, Candida catenulata IFO 0745 strain, which possess the epitopes of antigenic factors 1, 9, and 34 to genus Candida, we previously performed the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of this mannan, Fr. C, without the need for harsh procedures. In this study, three oligosaccharides, biose, triose, and tetraose, and mannose were isolated from Fr. C by acetolysis. The results of NMR analysis indicate that the chemical structures of these oligosaccharides were identified to Manα1-2Man, Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Man. The most of resultant mannose seems to be originated from the α-1,6-linked mannan backbone which is recognized by antiserum to factor 9. The inhibition assay of slide agglutination reaction between Fr. C and antigenic antibodies using three oligosaccharides indicate that the Manα1-2Manα1-2Man and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Man possess domains corresponding to immunodominants of antigenic factors 1 and 34, respectively.
文摘To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan obtained from pathogenic yeast, Candida tropicalis NBRC 1400 (former antigenic standard strain, IFO 1400). As a result of two-dimensional NMR analysis, it was shown that the mannan of this strain is composed of α-1,6-, α-1,3-, α-1,2- and β-1,2-linked mannose residues. In this research, the mannan was subjected to three degradation procedures, acid-treatment, α-mannosidase, and acetolysis under two conditions in order to determine the chemical structure of the antigenic oligomannosyl side chains in this molecule. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of resultant oligosaccharides, pentaose and hexaose, demonstrated the existence of the oligomannosyl side chains corresponding to Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, respectively, which have previously also been found in Candida albicans serotype A strain mannans. These findings indicate that C. tropicalis and C. albicans serotype A have no significant difference in the chemical structure of these cell wall mannans. Therefore, it can be interpreted that it is extremely difficult to distinguish both species by targeting the antigenic group in these mannans.
文摘The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）, extracted from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and acidifier calcium formate （CF） on some performance parameters and egg quality characteristics of Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica）. During the experimental period, which lasted 90 days, one hundred eighty three, 42-day-old quail, were distributed into 4 groups of 3 replications each and were placed in separate wire suspended cages. The birds of control group received a commercial feed, while the birds of the other 3 groups received the same feed, to which either 6 g CF kg^-1 or 1 g MOS kg^-1 or both 6 g CF kg^-1 plus 1 g MOS kg^-1 were added. The live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality of birds were not significantly affected. The addition of MOS in the feed significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased palmitic acid percentage of egg yolk. Also, the addition of CF significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased egg shape index and palmitic acid percentage of egg yolk. Furthermore, significant （P 〈 0.05） interaction between MOS and CF was observed on palmitic acid percentage, egg shape index and egg shell thickness. No significant effect was observed for egg： weight, specific weight, parts percentage （yolk, albumen, shell）, shell deformation, yolk diameter and yolk colour （L＊a＊b＊ colour space）.
基金Financial support of NH graduate program provided by the National Pork BoardFinancial and in-kind support provided by Elanco,Greenfield,IN,USA
文摘Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy balance.Methods: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin concentrations.Results: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P < 0.05). The ISS treatment did not impact nitrogen balance or nutrient digestibility(P > 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance in pigs and is the first to directly relate decreased ADG to increased MEm independent of changes in feed intake in immune challenged pigs. Immune stimulation increased energy partitioning to the immune system by 23% which limited lipid deposition and weight gain. Understanding energy and nutrient partitioning in immune-stressed pigs may provide insight into more effective feeding and management strategies.
文摘Antigenicity of pathogenic yeast Candida zeylanoides NBRC 10326 was found to have similar to that of Candida guilliermondii, but it was slightly different, i.e. NBRC 10326 strain cells react strongly with the factor antibodies 1, 4, and 9, and react relatively weakly with factor antibody 5. We have investigated the structural characteristic of cell wall mannan of this strain using a non-degradable method, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The results obtained from NMR analysis, the two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn, indicated that C. zeylanoides mannan contains α-1, 3-linked and β-1,2-linked oligomannosyl side chains corresponding to C. guilliermondii specific antigenic factor 9. In addition, it was found that the mannan contains β-1,2-linked oligomannosyl side chains attached to phosphate groups corresponding to anitigenic factor 5, which were not found in C. guilliermondii mannan.
文摘On two dimensional maps of <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C correlation spectroscopy (H-C COSY) analysis for the mannan of <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, nine cross peaks of anomeric proton and carbon were useful for the purpose of obtaining information on the chemical structure of this molecule. Namely, the mannans was comb-like structure constructed with the linear <i>α</i>-1,6-linked polymannnosyl backbone and several oligomannnosyl side chains composed of <i>α</i>-1,2-, <i>α</i>-1,3-, and <i>β</i>-1,2-linkages. Therefore, in the structural investigation of comb-like mannan, two-dimensional H-C COSY analysis is as useful as two-dimensional nuclear Hartmann-Hahn (HOHAHA) analysis.
文摘Eczema belongs to the category of "Namusu" disease in Mongolian medicine. It is a common skin disease caused by "Xiri Wusu" combined with "blood". This paper briefly describes the effect of Mongolian medicine five kinds of mannan herbal bath modified prescription in the treatment of this disease, which is convenient for clinical reference and provides new ideas for scientific researchers.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200,2018YFD0900400)Supported by the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(31922086)the Young Top-Notch Talent Support ProgramSichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YFN0036)。
文摘Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Methods A total of 540 grass carp were used for the study.They were administered six gradient dosages of the MOS diet(0,200,400,600,800,and 1,000 mg/kg)for 60 d.Subsequently,we performed a 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment.The antioxidant capacity of the head kidney and spleen were examined using spectrophotometry,DNA fragmentation,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting.Results After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila,400-600 mg/kg MOS supplementation decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species,protein carbonyl,and malonaldehyde and increased the levels of anti-superoxide anion,antihydroxyl radical,and glutathione in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp.The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,manganese superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione S-transferase,glutathione reductase,and glutathione peroxidase were also enhanced by supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.Furthermore,the expression of most antioxidant enzymes and their corresponding genes increased significantly with supplementation of 200-800 mg/kg MOS.mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 also increased following supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.In addition,supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS reduced excessive apoptosis by inhibiting the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway processes.Conclusions Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the above biomarkers(reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and protein carbonyl)of oxidative damage in the head kidney and spleen of on-growing grass carp,the recommended MOS supplementation is 575.21,557.58,531.86,597.35,570.16,and 553.80 mg/kg,respectively.Collectively,MOS supplementation could alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.
文摘目的:探讨尿液脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖(lipoarabinomannan,LAM)抗原检测对肺外结核患者的诊断价值。方法:连续收集2023年4月至2024年6月于杭州市红十字会医院就诊的92例疑似肺外结核患者的尿液样本进行LAM抗原检测,且对相应病灶部位样本进行GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“Xpert”)检测。以临床综合诊断为参考标准,比较两种方法单独及联合检测对肺外结核的诊断效能。结果:以临床综合诊断结果为标准,尿液LAM抗原和Xpert检测肺外结核的敏感度、特异度和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为49.3%(95%CI:36.8%~61.8%)、92.0%(95%CI:74.0%~99.0%)、0.706(95%CI:0.602~0.797)和49.3%(95%CI:36.8%~61.8%)、100.0%(95%CI:86.3%~100.0%)、0.746(95%CI:0.645~0.831)。尿液LAM抗原联合Xpert检测肺外结核的敏感度为73.1%(95%CI:60.9%~83.2%),高于尿液LAM抗原检测和Xpert检测,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.672,P<0.001;χ^(2)=17.576,P<0.001);AUC为0.826(95%CI:0.733~0.897),高于尿液LAM抗原检测和Xpert检测,差异均有统计学意义(Z=1.602,P<0.001;Z=4.175,P=0.037)。结论:尿液LAM抗原检测在肺外结核的诊断中具有一定的应用前景,联合Xpert可以提高检测的敏感度,提升在肺外结核诊断中的应用价值。
