Several different strategies of 3D modeling are a do pted for different kinds of manmade objects.Firstly,for those manmade objects with regular structure,if 2D information is available and elevation information can be...Several different strategies of 3D modeling are a do pted for different kinds of manmade objects.Firstly,for those manmade objects with regular structure,if 2D information is available and elevation information can be obtained conveniently,then 3D modeling of them can be executed directly.Secondly,for those manmade objects with complicated structure comparatively a nd related stereo images pair can be acquired,in the light of topology-based 3 D model we finish 3D modeling of them by integrating automatic and semi-automat ic object extraction.Thirdly,for the most complicated objects whose geometrica l information cannot be got from stereo images pair completely,we turn to topol ogical 3D model based on CAD.展开更多
Man-made strata occur throughout the world.Also locally called“fill”or“reclaimed land,”most man-made strata were formed by industrial activity.Some strata are inert,well consolidated and properly“engineered”for ...Man-made strata occur throughout the world.Also locally called“fill”or“reclaimed land,”most man-made strata were formed by industrial activity.Some strata are inert,well consolidated and properly“engineered”for their intended future use.Many other,however,are polluted,contaminated and potentially unstable owing to poor environmental management and monitoring.Such deposits are often stratigraphically complex and thus require site-specific geologic and geotechnical investigation to ensure ground stability and to avoid release of surface,subsurface and airborne pollutants.展开更多
Bangladesh is a deltaic country with a 710 km coastline and numerous newly accreted offshore islands in the central and eastern coastal regions. Natural mangrove forest (the Sundarbans) occupies about 100 km of coastl...Bangladesh is a deltaic country with a 710 km coastline and numerous newly accreted offshore islands in the central and eastern coastal regions. Natural mangrove forest (the Sundarbans) occupies about 100 km of coastline in the southwest, which protects the lives and properties of the coastal population of that area. The depletion of the forest stock of the Sundarbans was reported in 1875 due to the large-scale clearings by the woodcutters and uncertainty in natural regeneration. The restoration of the Sundarbans in the name of enrichment plantation and assisted natural regeneration was formally introduced in 1959 with Excoecaria agallocha followed by the introduction of mangrove and mainland (non-mangrove) species in the moderate to high saline zone and raised lands in the freshwater zone, respectively in 1975. Chakaria Sundarbans, the second largest natural mangrove forest on the east coast, was highly degraded with the rapid expansion of aquaculture between 1976 and 1989. Tremendous human interferences significantly altered the site condition, interrupting natural recovery. Coastal afforestation was initiated in 1966 with two pioneer mangrove species (Sonneratia apetala and Avicennia officinalis). Some afforested sites require attention for restoration due to natural and manmade causes. Bangladesh Forest Department adopted restoration activities with the technical support of the Bangladesh Forest Research Institute and other agencies. However, all the restoration activities for the Sundarbans, Chakaria Sundarbans, and coastal afforested sites had some success and failure stories. The success and failure of a mangrove restoration activity depends on planning (active or passive restoration), selection of suitable sites and species, planting materials, local community involvement, monitoring, evaluation and plantation management.展开更多
In this study,a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic model for soft rock is proposed to describe its fundamental mechanical behavior of soft rock such as the influences of overconsolidation,intermediate principal stress,tempera...In this study,a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic model for soft rock is proposed to describe its fundamental mechanical behavior of soft rock such as the influences of overconsolidation,intermediate principal stress,temperature,time dependency and inherent structure with a unified set of parameters.In the model,the concepts of subloading and superloading yielding surfaces are introduced to describe the influence of overconsolidation and structure on the deformation and strength of soft rock.The influence of the intermediate principal stress is also properly considered by adopting a transformed stress tensor t_(ij).To consider the temperature effect,a thermo-induced equivalent stress is introduced to consider its influence on the yielding surfaces,the evolution of the overconsolidation,and the structure when subjected to shearing loading under different conditions.By comparing the calculated results with test results of a manmade rock under different loading and temperature conditions,the availability and accuracy of the proposed model are carefully investigated,and the performance of the proposed model is verified in detail.展开更多
The article reveals the potential of information technology in decision issues of municipal solid waste. The technique proposed for definition of ecological and technical potential for ecological optimization of the t...The article reveals the potential of information technology in decision issues of municipal solid waste. The technique proposed for definition of ecological and technical potential for ecological optimization of the territory for the purpose of efficient decision-making in the environmental field. Studies are based on the information capacity usage and implementation of geographic information technologies in combination with the methods of remote sensing of the earth. On this basis, the authors have developed mechanisms that will overcome the existing environmental and technical challenges--economic, political and human capital.展开更多
The study was carried out to create awareness of the destruction we can cause to ourselves as human beings, if we continue to contribute, by our actions to the natural causes of climate change. The problem is the visi...The study was carried out to create awareness of the destruction we can cause to ourselves as human beings, if we continue to contribute, by our actions to the natural causes of climate change. The problem is the visible destructions all over the world due to climate change;especially when the focus is on the areas of heavy pollutions, the changes in rain pattern, making farmers vulnerable. Increase in temperatures also lead to global warming. The type of research used is descriptive and that deals with qualitative approaches. Data collection involved both primary and secondary sources. The natural causes of climate change include volcanic activity, solar output, Forest Fires, Permafrost, Sunspots, Water Vapor, Man’s Best Friend. Those caused by human are burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land from forestry to irresponsible agricultural practices. Gases emission from landfills;overpopulation;irresponsible mining;misapplication of fertilizers and other agrochemicals;meat consumption. Evidence of climate change includes change in rainfall pattern, increase in temperatures, extreme drought, change in harmattan pattern. Low production of fruits by trees in the wild;eroded arable lands;annual drying of dams that never dried in decades and also the shortening of lifespan of living things. Effects of climate change include desertification of the world’s arable land, persistent droughts, locally and abroad, unprecedented damage to infrastructure due to acid rain, volcanic eruption, earth quake, coastal erosion, unpredictable farming seasons, extinction threat on the wildlife, marine life extinction, flooding of coastal cities and island nations. Human being is a facilitator of the naturally occurring climate change. Those who mine natural resource without recourse to the laws of the land they occupy, should be dealt with legally.展开更多
This paper presents a case study of the extensive soil improvement work carried out on a reclamation project on the shores of United Arab Emirates. The project consisted an area of approximately 480,000 m<sup>2&...This paper presents a case study of the extensive soil improvement work carried out on a reclamation project on the shores of United Arab Emirates. The project consisted an area of approximately 480,000 m<sup>2</sup> for recreation purposes. Following the dredging work, approximately 6.8 million cubic meters underwent densification using the vibrocompaction method. The general aims of such analysis are to investigate the effectiveness of vibrocompaction as a method of soil improvement and appraise the selection of this method as the most appropriate soil treatment technique necessary for the adequate densification of the overall loose soil masses. The efficiency of the vibrocompaction technique to densify thick granular-based soil formations of considerable thickness and the benefits obtained, equated to other soil treatment methods, was assessed through a comprehensive post quality control program including field and laboratory post-compaction testing. Based on the analysis conducted it is concluded that soil strength of the reclaimed materials achieved a noteworthy improvement reaching comfortably the required degrees of densification.展开更多
Quarry induced collapse,an issue of particular concern in the mining industry,is a typical form of manmade disaster.Identification of the morphological characteristics of such collapses is commonly based on seismic re...Quarry induced collapse,an issue of particular concern in the mining industry,is a typical form of manmade disaster.Identification of the morphological characteristics of such collapses is commonly based on seismic records but comprehensive studies regarding the mechanism and energy conversion mode utilizing the seismic record is seldom undertaken.展开更多
This article applies the basic principles of the general and special entropy, puts forward the concept of High\|entropy system and its entropies. Sometimes, the entropy functions have been defined, and their mathemati...This article applies the basic principles of the general and special entropy, puts forward the concept of High\|entropy system and its entropies. Sometimes, the entropy functions have been defined, and their mathematical models have been constructred, and methods of quantification. Specially. Taking the Mining System as an example, the quantification method of the operating entropy is given under the synthetic action of the man\|made entropy, machine entropy, natural entropy and environmnet entropy. Therefore it enriches the theoretical and applied systems of the general and special entropy.展开更多
When we generally talk about biosecurity,it is closely related to the potential threats to the ecological environment and human health caused by the development of biotechnology.Once the development of a certain organ...When we generally talk about biosecurity,it is closely related to the potential threats to the ecological environment and human health caused by the development of biotechnology.Once the development of a certain organism suffers from natural or manmade“disturbance”,it cannot be quickly restored to its original state,thus posing a threat to other species.展开更多
In this paper we describe the masking of pure tones in humans and birds by manmade noises and show that similar ideas can be applied when considering the potential effects of noise on fishes,as well as other aquatic v...In this paper we describe the masking of pure tones in humans and birds by manmade noises and show that similar ideas can be applied when considering the potential effects of noise on fishes,as well as other aquatic vertebrates.Results from many studies on humans and birds,both in the field and in the laboratory,show that published critical ratios can be used to predict the masked thresholds for pure tones when maskers consist of complex manmade and natural noises.We argue from these data that a single,simple measure,the species critical ratio,can be used to estimate the effect of manmade environmental noises on the perception of communication and other biologically relevant sounds.We also reason that if this principle holds for species as diverse as humans and birds,it probably also applies for all other vertebrates,including fishes.展开更多
RANDOM NUMBER 2,500 kilometers That's the diameter of the South Pole-Aitken basin on the moons far side,the site where the Chang'e-4 probe successfully landed last month.The exploratory vehicle was built by th...RANDOM NUMBER 2,500 kilometers That's the diameter of the South Pole-Aitken basin on the moons far side,the site where the Chang'e-4 probe successfully landed last month.The exploratory vehicle was built by the China National Space Administration(CNSA)and made history on January 3 when it became the first manmade object to touch down on the far side of the moon.展开更多
文摘Several different strategies of 3D modeling are a do pted for different kinds of manmade objects.Firstly,for those manmade objects with regular structure,if 2D information is available and elevation information can be obtained conveniently,then 3D modeling of them can be executed directly.Secondly,for those manmade objects with complicated structure comparatively a nd related stereo images pair can be acquired,in the light of topology-based 3 D model we finish 3D modeling of them by integrating automatic and semi-automat ic object extraction.Thirdly,for the most complicated objects whose geometrica l information cannot be got from stereo images pair completely,we turn to topol ogical 3D model based on CAD.
文摘Man-made strata occur throughout the world.Also locally called“fill”or“reclaimed land,”most man-made strata were formed by industrial activity.Some strata are inert,well consolidated and properly“engineered”for their intended future use.Many other,however,are polluted,contaminated and potentially unstable owing to poor environmental management and monitoring.Such deposits are often stratigraphically complex and thus require site-specific geologic and geotechnical investigation to ensure ground stability and to avoid release of surface,subsurface and airborne pollutants.
文摘Bangladesh is a deltaic country with a 710 km coastline and numerous newly accreted offshore islands in the central and eastern coastal regions. Natural mangrove forest (the Sundarbans) occupies about 100 km of coastline in the southwest, which protects the lives and properties of the coastal population of that area. The depletion of the forest stock of the Sundarbans was reported in 1875 due to the large-scale clearings by the woodcutters and uncertainty in natural regeneration. The restoration of the Sundarbans in the name of enrichment plantation and assisted natural regeneration was formally introduced in 1959 with Excoecaria agallocha followed by the introduction of mangrove and mainland (non-mangrove) species in the moderate to high saline zone and raised lands in the freshwater zone, respectively in 1975. Chakaria Sundarbans, the second largest natural mangrove forest on the east coast, was highly degraded with the rapid expansion of aquaculture between 1976 and 1989. Tremendous human interferences significantly altered the site condition, interrupting natural recovery. Coastal afforestation was initiated in 1966 with two pioneer mangrove species (Sonneratia apetala and Avicennia officinalis). Some afforested sites require attention for restoration due to natural and manmade causes. Bangladesh Forest Department adopted restoration activities with the technical support of the Bangladesh Forest Research Institute and other agencies. However, all the restoration activities for the Sundarbans, Chakaria Sundarbans, and coastal afforested sites had some success and failure stories. The success and failure of a mangrove restoration activity depends on planning (active or passive restoration), selection of suitable sites and species, planting materials, local community involvement, monitoring, evaluation and plantation management.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51608385)Nature Science Foundation of Ningbo(Grant No.2018A610230)is appreciated.Financial support from Grant-in-Aid Scientific Research(B),No.17H03304Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,is also appreciated.
文摘In this study,a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic model for soft rock is proposed to describe its fundamental mechanical behavior of soft rock such as the influences of overconsolidation,intermediate principal stress,temperature,time dependency and inherent structure with a unified set of parameters.In the model,the concepts of subloading and superloading yielding surfaces are introduced to describe the influence of overconsolidation and structure on the deformation and strength of soft rock.The influence of the intermediate principal stress is also properly considered by adopting a transformed stress tensor t_(ij).To consider the temperature effect,a thermo-induced equivalent stress is introduced to consider its influence on the yielding surfaces,the evolution of the overconsolidation,and the structure when subjected to shearing loading under different conditions.By comparing the calculated results with test results of a manmade rock under different loading and temperature conditions,the availability and accuracy of the proposed model are carefully investigated,and the performance of the proposed model is verified in detail.
文摘The article reveals the potential of information technology in decision issues of municipal solid waste. The technique proposed for definition of ecological and technical potential for ecological optimization of the territory for the purpose of efficient decision-making in the environmental field. Studies are based on the information capacity usage and implementation of geographic information technologies in combination with the methods of remote sensing of the earth. On this basis, the authors have developed mechanisms that will overcome the existing environmental and technical challenges--economic, political and human capital.
文摘The study was carried out to create awareness of the destruction we can cause to ourselves as human beings, if we continue to contribute, by our actions to the natural causes of climate change. The problem is the visible destructions all over the world due to climate change;especially when the focus is on the areas of heavy pollutions, the changes in rain pattern, making farmers vulnerable. Increase in temperatures also lead to global warming. The type of research used is descriptive and that deals with qualitative approaches. Data collection involved both primary and secondary sources. The natural causes of climate change include volcanic activity, solar output, Forest Fires, Permafrost, Sunspots, Water Vapor, Man’s Best Friend. Those caused by human are burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land from forestry to irresponsible agricultural practices. Gases emission from landfills;overpopulation;irresponsible mining;misapplication of fertilizers and other agrochemicals;meat consumption. Evidence of climate change includes change in rainfall pattern, increase in temperatures, extreme drought, change in harmattan pattern. Low production of fruits by trees in the wild;eroded arable lands;annual drying of dams that never dried in decades and also the shortening of lifespan of living things. Effects of climate change include desertification of the world’s arable land, persistent droughts, locally and abroad, unprecedented damage to infrastructure due to acid rain, volcanic eruption, earth quake, coastal erosion, unpredictable farming seasons, extinction threat on the wildlife, marine life extinction, flooding of coastal cities and island nations. Human being is a facilitator of the naturally occurring climate change. Those who mine natural resource without recourse to the laws of the land they occupy, should be dealt with legally.
文摘This paper presents a case study of the extensive soil improvement work carried out on a reclamation project on the shores of United Arab Emirates. The project consisted an area of approximately 480,000 m<sup>2</sup> for recreation purposes. Following the dredging work, approximately 6.8 million cubic meters underwent densification using the vibrocompaction method. The general aims of such analysis are to investigate the effectiveness of vibrocompaction as a method of soil improvement and appraise the selection of this method as the most appropriate soil treatment technique necessary for the adequate densification of the overall loose soil masses. The efficiency of the vibrocompaction technique to densify thick granular-based soil formations of considerable thickness and the benefits obtained, equated to other soil treatment methods, was assessed through a comprehensive post quality control program including field and laboratory post-compaction testing. Based on the analysis conducted it is concluded that soil strength of the reclaimed materials achieved a noteworthy improvement reaching comfortably the required degrees of densification.
基金support provided by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(SKLGP2011K007)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZZDEW-05-02)+1 种基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.41372324,41172269)support from the Chinese Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project under Grant No.2014CB046901.
文摘Quarry induced collapse,an issue of particular concern in the mining industry,is a typical form of manmade disaster.Identification of the morphological characteristics of such collapses is commonly based on seismic records but comprehensive studies regarding the mechanism and energy conversion mode utilizing the seismic record is seldom undertaken.
文摘This article applies the basic principles of the general and special entropy, puts forward the concept of High\|entropy system and its entropies. Sometimes, the entropy functions have been defined, and their mathematical models have been constructred, and methods of quantification. Specially. Taking the Mining System as an example, the quantification method of the operating entropy is given under the synthetic action of the man\|made entropy, machine entropy, natural entropy and environmnet entropy. Therefore it enriches the theoretical and applied systems of the general and special entropy.
文摘When we generally talk about biosecurity,it is closely related to the potential threats to the ecological environment and human health caused by the development of biotechnology.Once the development of a certain organism suffers from natural or manmade“disturbance”,it cannot be quickly restored to its original state,thus posing a threat to other species.
基金supported in part by NIH grants to RJD,and a Senior Research Career Scientist Award to MRL from the Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service.The contents of this article do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US Government.
文摘In this paper we describe the masking of pure tones in humans and birds by manmade noises and show that similar ideas can be applied when considering the potential effects of noise on fishes,as well as other aquatic vertebrates.Results from many studies on humans and birds,both in the field and in the laboratory,show that published critical ratios can be used to predict the masked thresholds for pure tones when maskers consist of complex manmade and natural noises.We argue from these data that a single,simple measure,the species critical ratio,can be used to estimate the effect of manmade environmental noises on the perception of communication and other biologically relevant sounds.We also reason that if this principle holds for species as diverse as humans and birds,it probably also applies for all other vertebrates,including fishes.
文摘RANDOM NUMBER 2,500 kilometers That's the diameter of the South Pole-Aitken basin on the moons far side,the site where the Chang'e-4 probe successfully landed last month.The exploratory vehicle was built by the China National Space Administration(CNSA)and made history on January 3 when it became the first manmade object to touch down on the far side of the moon.
