This paper presents the different categories of communicative names of cities and streets with some examples all over the world. The commemorative role is playing also by the names of some continents, like America, fr...This paper presents the different categories of communicative names of cities and streets with some examples all over the world. The commemorative role is playing also by the names of some continents, like America, from the Amerigo Vespucci＇s name. But many countries and states particularly in the Americas remember the Columbus＇ name. Many city names remember political leaders of great significance, like Washington after Georg Washington, Monrovia after James Monroe, Leningrad （today Saint Petersburg, which remembered the tsar Peter I）. Two soviet leaders, Lenin and Stalin were remembered by two Russian cities, Leningrad and Stalingrad, nowadays Saint Petersburg and Volgograd. The name Ho Chi Minh, after the North Vietnamese leader. The names of other regions and cities have been considered, like many cities and islands named Georgia after some kings. Also Louisiana, The Carolinas, Lfopoldville, Elisabethville were named after other kings and queens. Some cities and islands＇ names remember explorers, like Cook, Stanley, Louren^o Marques （today Maputo, after the name of a fiver）, Brazzaville after, Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Bra77h etc. Rio de Janeiro is named after the date of its discovery. Many place names were named after Alexander the Great, outer than the Italian Alesssandria, named after the Pope Alexander III. Many place names remember Saints, particularly in Latin America, but also in North America, like St. Francisco. The streets＇ names are many all over the world. In Rome we have streets names to politicians, like Camill Benso di Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini and Palmiro Togliatti; writers like Alessandro Manzoni and Torquato Tasso. A name like Giuseppe Garibaldi is extremely diffused in all Italy and also in other countries.展开更多
Based on the combination of Geographical information system(GIS)with the research of Toponymy,me foundational problems of the Geographical Name information System(GNIS)are discussed in this paper.The present situation...Based on the combination of Geographical information system(GIS)with the research of Toponymy,me foundational problems of the Geographical Name information System(GNIS)are discussed in this paper.The present situation of Toponymical research is analysed and the necessity of introducing the GIS tools to the research of Toponymy is demonstrated.THe conceptual model of the GNIS and the structure of Geographical name Database(GND)are discussed. The basic fucntions of the GNIS software for management and research of geographical name are suggested.Some issues are stated such as the application and potential of the combination of GNIS with other spatial informaion system and sharing the information with each other,the research and development of GNIS,etc.展开更多
文摘This paper presents the different categories of communicative names of cities and streets with some examples all over the world. The commemorative role is playing also by the names of some continents, like America, from the Amerigo Vespucci＇s name. But many countries and states particularly in the Americas remember the Columbus＇ name. Many city names remember political leaders of great significance, like Washington after Georg Washington, Monrovia after James Monroe, Leningrad （today Saint Petersburg, which remembered the tsar Peter I）. Two soviet leaders, Lenin and Stalin were remembered by two Russian cities, Leningrad and Stalingrad, nowadays Saint Petersburg and Volgograd. The name Ho Chi Minh, after the North Vietnamese leader. The names of other regions and cities have been considered, like many cities and islands named Georgia after some kings. Also Louisiana, The Carolinas, Lfopoldville, Elisabethville were named after other kings and queens. Some cities and islands＇ names remember explorers, like Cook, Stanley, Louren^o Marques （today Maputo, after the name of a fiver）, Brazzaville after, Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Bra77h etc. Rio de Janeiro is named after the date of its discovery. Many place names were named after Alexander the Great, outer than the Italian Alesssandria, named after the Pope Alexander III. Many place names remember Saints, particularly in Latin America, but also in North America, like St. Francisco. The streets＇ names are many all over the world. In Rome we have streets names to politicians, like Camill Benso di Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini and Palmiro Togliatti; writers like Alessandro Manzoni and Torquato Tasso. A name like Giuseppe Garibaldi is extremely diffused in all Italy and also in other countries.
文摘Based on the combination of Geographical information system(GIS)with the research of Toponymy,me foundational problems of the Geographical Name information System(GNIS)are discussed in this paper.The present situation of Toponymical research is analysed and the necessity of introducing the GIS tools to the research of Toponymy is demonstrated.THe conceptual model of the GNIS and the structure of Geographical name Database(GND)are discussed. The basic fucntions of the GNIS software for management and research of geographical name are suggested.Some issues are stated such as the application and potential of the combination of GNIS with other spatial informaion system and sharing the information with each other,the research and development of GNIS,etc.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11271181 and 10801071)the Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation+1 种基金the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAAD)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities
文摘We show that the Aubry sets, the Mane sets and the barrier functions are the same for two commuting time-periodic Tonelli Hamiltonians.
