The inability to achieve the target of universal access to electricity is influenced by several factors including funding limitations, the use of obsolete equipment, power theft, and system losses confronting the elec...The inability to achieve the target of universal access to electricity is influenced by several factors including funding limitations, the use of obsolete equipment, power theft, and system losses confronting the electricity distribution services of the Electricity Company of Ghana Limited (ECG). The study assessed the components of system losses within the ECG by determining and computing the percentage of system losses within ECG, examining the causes of both commercial and technical losses in ECG, and determining ways to improve energy efficiency by reducing system losses in the most cost-efficient manner. The study adopted deductive reasoning and a quantitative approach to guide data collection and analysis of the research output. A sample of 345 technical and non-technical staff of ECG in the Greater Accra Metropolis was selected from a population of 2500. Purposive, simple random, and cluster sampling techniques were used in identifying and accessing respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics were applied to measure central tendency and degrees of dispersion and the Relative Importance Index (RII) to predict criterion and predictor variables. The impact of low voltage network losses can adversely contribute to technical losses (20%) and reduce energy efficiency in power or electricity distribution companies. Non-technical losses are mainly caused by illegal connections, meter problems, and billing problems. Each of the non-technical losses contributes a maximum of 10% to system losses. Contributors to system losses at ECG are ranked first for power theft and least for lack of incentives. System losses at ECG include metering inaccuracies, bad workmanship, unmetered supply, and lengthy distribution lines, each recording a mean value of above 3.5. Measures to improve monitoring of the networks and systems at ECG and discourage power theft should include an extensive quantification, patrolling, and inspection of the entire network to assess the extent of the network and conditions relevant for the placement of systematically planned maintenance programmes.展开更多
If we want to enhance the medical level of modern hospital,we not only need to make the career morality and professional capability of the medical staff,but also require the perfection of the governance institution of...If we want to enhance the medical level of modern hospital,we not only need to make the career morality and professional capability of the medical staff,but also require the perfection of the governance institution of hospital in accordance with the development of society.That said,the medical staff will provide the patients with the best service,which is significant to the development of hospital.In addition,every hospital should conduct deepening reform of public hospital comprehensively to respond to call of the government.And the hospital should also put forward professional and comprehensive managing system based on the concrete conditions of the hospital.That is how the hospital can serve the people better.That said,this article focuses on how to promote the system of managing the modern hospital.展开更多
To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a cruc...Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.展开更多
Understanding the complex interactions between human activities and ecosystem functions is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development.Since the implementation of the“Grain for Green”Project in 1999,ecosyst...Understanding the complex interactions between human activities and ecosystem functions is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development.Since the implementation of the“Grain for Green”Project in 1999,ecosystem functions in China’s Loess Plateau have significantly improved.However,intensified human activities have also exacerbated the pressures on the region’s fragile ecological environment.This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in the human activity intensity index(HAI)and net ecosystem benefits(NEB)from 2000 to 2020,using expert-based assessments and an enhanced cost-benefit evaluation framework.Results indicate that HAI increased by 16.7% and 16.6% at the grid and county levels,respectively.NEB exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity,with a total increase of USD 36.2 trillion at the grid scale.At the county level,the average NEB rose by 75%.The degree of trade-off was higher at the grid scale than at the county scale,while the synergistic areas initially expanded and then declined at both scales.Key areas for improvement and regions of lagging development were identified as priority zones for ecological management and spatial planning at both spatial resolutions.This study offers scientific insights and practical guidance for harmonizing ecological conservation with high-quality development in ecologically vulnerable regions.展开更多
Resilience plays a crucial role in maintaining desirable ecosystem states and is a key objective of sustainable ecosystem management.This study synthesizes the concepts and measurement approaches of terrestrial ecosys...Resilience plays a crucial role in maintaining desirable ecosystem states and is a key objective of sustainable ecosystem management.This study synthesizes the concepts and measurement approaches of terrestrial ecosystem resilience and expounded on its spatio-temporal changes and influencing factors based on the literature over the past 50 years.Arid regions exhibited the lowest levels of spatial resilience,and the global ecosystem resilience showed a downward trend.In the focal regions,ecological resilience in Amazonian and Southeast Asian rainforest regions declined primarily driven by human activities such as deforestation and cropland expansion.Precipitation and temperature exerted bidirectional influences the resilience of ecosystems,indicating that ecosystem responses to climatic factors were non-monotonic.Evidence concerning anthropogenic factors such as land management and deforestation on ecosystem resilience were predominantly negative.Overall,this study provides a comprehensive synthesis of large scale terrestrial ecosystem resilience assessments,offering valuable insights for ecosystem protection and restoration policy development.展开更多
Water resources health diagnosis is increasingly recognized as a critical tool.It should not only guide the preservation of water volume,quality,and ecological integrity but also assess the viability of carbon-neutral...Water resources health diagnosis is increasingly recognized as a critical tool.It should not only guide the preservation of water volume,quality,and ecological integrity but also assess the viability of carbon-neutral development pathways.But current research tends to consider water health assessment and carbon-neutrality planning as separate endeavors,which results in imprecise boundaries,disjointed metrics,and a weak linkage between diagnostic outcomes and testable management actions.This review brings together indicator systems,diagnostic systems,and environmental management systems architectures that make it possible to have integrated water-carbon governance.We define fundamental concepts and delimiting decisions followed by the examination of indicator designs across the hydrological regime,water quality,ecological integrity,service performance,resilience,and carbon-related measures,including intensity of energy/emissions,emissions caused by the watershed process of wastewater treatment,as well as the potential sink of the watershed.We compare diagnostic methods,such as composite indices and multi-criteria decision analysis,data-driven early-warning models,process-based and integrated simulations,as well as uncertainty-aware robustness models.Here,based on this synthesis,we suggest an environmental management systems(EMS)-based pathway,which connects the setting of the baseline,the diagnosis,the design of the intervention portfolio,and the measurement-reporting-verification into the closed-loop adaptive cycle.Digital enablement,comprising Internet of Things(IoT)monitoring,remote sensing,data fusion,optimization,and digital twins,is considered a viable way of scaling implementation,subject to interoperability,validation,and model governance.Among the major gaps,there are causal attribution to outcomes,cross-scale coupling of facility emissions and basin health,propagation of uncertainty in a coupled model,and credible Measurement,Reporting,and Verification(MRV)of non-CO_(2) gases and nature-based removals.The review gives a roadmap to normalize core metrics and fast-deployable systems to protect the health of the water resources and give verifiable progress towards carbon neutrality.展开更多
The environmental wind tunnel of high-speed railway trains serves as a crucial experimental facility for the research and development of high-speed railway technology.The refrigeration system within the wind tunnel is...The environmental wind tunnel of high-speed railway trains serves as a crucial experimental facility for the research and development of high-speed railway technology.The refrigeration system within the wind tunnel is an important subsystem.However,the design of the wind tunnel refrigeration system management program presents significant scientific challenges and limitations.Traditional management approaches in wind tunnel refrigeration systems suffer from prolonged decision-making times and reliance on experiential knowledge,necessitating the need for intelligent transformation.This paper aims to address these issues by exploring existing intelligent management methodologies and defining the concept of a wind tunnel intelligent laboratory along with its primary modules.Furthermore,we propose a water cooler failure prediction model based on the existing equipment model of the wind tunnel's refrigeration system.This model effectively predicts the Remaining Useful Life(RUL) of the water cooler in the case of fouling failure,contributing to enhanced efficiency,cost reduction,and safety improvements in laboratories.展开更多
Understanding the scale-dependent dynamics of ecosystem services(ESs)and their socio-ecological drivers is essential for sustainable development.While many studies rely on static or single-scale approaches,this resear...Understanding the scale-dependent dynamics of ecosystem services(ESs)and their socio-ecological drivers is essential for sustainable development.While many studies rely on static or single-scale approaches,this research employs an integrated multi-temporal(2000–2020)and multi-scale(grid,county,and landscape levels)framework to investigate China’s Central Asian frontier,a representative dryland region.We quantified six ESs:habitat quality(HQ),net primary productivity(NPP),carbon sequestration(CS),water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and grain production(GP).Furthermore,we explored their interrelationships and identified the drivers influencing these services across different spatial scales.Our results revealed divergent ES trajectories:the declining HQ(−0.03 a^(−1)),NPP(−0.43 t km^(−2)a^(−1)),and SC(−3.41 t ha a^(−1))contrasted with rising WY(+2.33 mm a^(−1)),GP(+0.06 t km^(−2)a^(−1)),and CS(+0.02 t km^(−2)a^(−1)).The ES relationships were predominantly synergistic,while HQ–WY exhibited a trade-off(grid:−0.03;county:−0.02;landscape:−0.03)at temporal dimension but a synergistic relationship(grid:0.45;county:0.92;landscape:0.92)at spatial dimension.As spatial scale increased,SC–CS shifted from synergy(grid:0.001)to trade-off(county:−0.01;landscape:−0.005)in the temporal dimension,while all trade-off relationships in the spatial dimension were transformed into synergies.Key drivers of ES relationships varied with spatial scale:fraction vegetation coverage(FVC)and leaf area index(LAI)at the grid scale,annual precipitation(MAP)and soil moisture(SMA)at the county scale,and population density(POP),gross domestic product(GDP),and silt content(Silt)at the landscape scale.Based on the multi-scale findings,the study divides northern Xinjiang into Grain Priority Region,Ecological Priority Region,and Desert Containment Region,and proposes tailored management recommendations,offering a flexible framework for balancing ecological and socioeconomic needs.展开更多
Climate change is rapidly altering hydrological systems through changes in precipitation patterns,increase the rate of glacier retreat rates,altered snow dynamics,and groundwater stress.Although remote sensing has bee...Climate change is rapidly altering hydrological systems through changes in precipitation patterns,increase the rate of glacier retreat rates,altered snow dynamics,and groundwater stress.Although remote sensing has been extensively deployed in hydrological research,existing reviews typically focus on a single hydrological variable or on particular satellite missions.The review synthesizes remote sensing technologies to monitor climate-related hydrological variations across various components of the water cycle.It is a systematic examination of major satellite missions,sensor technologies,and analytical methods used to monitor precipitation,soil moisture,snow cover,surface water processes,and groundwater variability.The review will employ a structured literature review methodology,focusing on recent peer-reviewed articles that apply optical,microwave,radar,and gravimetric remote sensing methods for hydrological monitoring under changing climatic conditions.It has paid specific attention to the provision of the comparative capabilities,spatial-temporal resolutions,and practical applications of key satellite missions,such as Landsat,Sentinel,MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer),GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement),and GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment).Moreover,to illustrate the use of remote sensing in detecting glacier retreat,drought formation,and coastal groundwater salinization,regional case studies are selected and analyzed.The review identifies new opportunities to use multi-sensor data,machine learning,and high-resolution monitoring to enhance hydrological analyses.This study is useful in practice by synthesizing existing technological opportunities and research trends to enhance climate-responsive water resource monitoring and by outlining future research directions in remote sensing-based hydrological analysis.展开更多
The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where eco...The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services(ES)are not given explicit attention.This review will combine both conceptual and empirical evidence of the connection between CE interventions and ES outcomes to enable more sustainable management of resources.We describe the effects of the CE strategies on the key environmental pressure pathways,altering ecosystem conditions,and impacting the delivery of regulating,provisioning,and cultural ecosystem services using a pressure condition-service framework.Analysis reveals that demand-side reduction and product life-extension strategies tend to offer more consistent ecosystem service co-benefits than recycling and recovery strategies because they do not involve production,and will cause less disturbance to the upstream environment.Contrastingly,recycling and recovery sustainability performance is highly dependent on the sources of energy,intensity of processing,and the safety of materials.Bio-based circularity has the potential to increase soil functionality and nutrient cycling,and mass application will result in trade-offs in terms of land competition and nutrient leakage.The sectoral analysis identifies the unique opportunities and threats in the agri-food systems,the built environment,plastics and textiles,electronics and critical minerals,and water and wastewater systems in terms of the burden displacement,local environmental pressures,and equity concerns.Harmonized reporting,coupled with supply-chain and spatial ecological assessment,threshold-conscious strategies that promote safe and regenerative circular systems should be put into the line of future research.展开更多
Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's ...Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.展开更多
The technological advancement of the vehicular Internet ofThings(IoT)has revolutionized Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)into next-generation ITS.The connectivity of IoT nodes enables improved data availability ...The technological advancement of the vehicular Internet ofThings(IoT)has revolutionized Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)into next-generation ITS.The connectivity of IoT nodes enables improved data availability and facilitates automatic control in the ITS environment.The exponential increase in IoT nodes has significantly increased the demand for an energy-efficient,mobility-aware,and secure system for distributed intelligence.This article presents a mobility-aware Deep Reinforcement Learning based Federated Learning(DRL-FL)approach to design an energy-efficient and threat-resilient ITS.In this approach,a Policy Proximal Optimization(PPO)-based DRL agent is first employed for adaptive client selection.Second,an autoencoder-based anomaly detectionmodule is considered for malicious node detection.Results reveal that the proposed framework achieved an 8%higher accuracy increase,and 15%lower energy consumption.Themodel also demonstrates greater resilience under adversarial conditions compared to the state of the art in federated learning.The adaptability of the proposed approach makes it a compelling choice for next-generation vehicular networks.展开更多
Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is es...Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.展开更多
Large-scale complex systems are integral to the functioning of various organizations within the national economy.Despite their significance,the lengthy construction cycles and the involvement of multiple entities ofte...Large-scale complex systems are integral to the functioning of various organizations within the national economy.Despite their significance,the lengthy construction cycles and the involvement of multiple entities often result in the deprioritization of standardized management practices,as they do not yield immediate benefits.The implementation of such systems typically encompasses the integrated phases of "development,construction,utiliz ation,and operation and maintenance".To enhance the overall delivery quality of these systems,it is imperative to dismantle the management barriers among these phases and adopt a holistic approach to standardized management.This paper takes a specific system project as a research object to identify common challenges,and proposes improvement strategies in the implementation of standar dized management.Empirical results indicate a substantial reduction in the system s full-lifecycle costs.展开更多
Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2)...Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.展开更多
Expanding economic potential and protecting the environment,while facing mounting climate and biodiversity stress,is becoming the challenge of environmental resource management.This review explores developments and on...Expanding economic potential and protecting the environment,while facing mounting climate and biodiversity stress,is becoming the challenge of environmental resource management.This review explores developments and ongoing obstacles in six areas of resource of the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)that include water;land,soils,and food systems;forests and terrestrial carbon biodiversity governance;oceans,coasts,and fisheries;biodiversity connectivity;and extractives and energy-transition supply chains.Most of the interventions continue to ignore ecological thresholds,accruing effects,and cross-system feedbacks,whereas monitoring systems focus on measures of activity rather than confirmed results.Conversely,sustained improvement is most frequently associated with integrated governance,which incorporates open measurement,implementation,rights-based participation,and fair distribution of benefits.Local conservation is often overwhelmed by market forces of demand and structural forces,including subsidies,supply chains,and investment in infrastructure,which fail to stop leakage or war,unless accountability mechanisms are in place.Climate change also aggravates set baselines and puts forward the importance of adaptive regulation,spatial planning,and diversified portfolios,which combine engineered reliability with ecosystem resilience.The review brings out current SDG priorities,which include outcome-based indicators,causal evaluation,governance structures that enhance legitimacy,and transition planning that harmonizes the mineral sourcing,renewable deployment,biodiversity,and water limits.Combined,these observations indicate that striking the balance between ecology and economy is possible when ecological boundaries are under consideration as binding constraints and equity is perceived as a source of sustainability.展开更多
This paper develops an advanced framework for the operational optimization of integrated multi-energy systems that encompass electricity,gas,and heating networks.Introducing a cutting-edge stochastic gradient-enhanced...This paper develops an advanced framework for the operational optimization of integrated multi-energy systems that encompass electricity,gas,and heating networks.Introducing a cutting-edge stochastic gradient-enhanced distributionally robust optimization approach,this study integrates deep learning models,especially generative adversarial networks,to adeptly handle the inherent variability and uncertainties of renewable energy and fluctuating consumer demands.The effectiveness of this framework is rigorously tested through detailed simulations mirroring real-world urban energy consumption,renewable energy production,and market price fluctuations over an annual period.The results reveal substantial improvements in the resilience and efficiency of the grid,achieving a reduction in power distribution losses by 15%and enhancing voltage stability by 20%,markedly outperforming conventional systems.Additionally,the framework facilitates up to 25%in cost reductions during peak demand periods,significantly lowering operational costs.The adoption of stochastic gradients further refines the framework’s ability to continually adjust to real-time changes in environmental and market conditions,ensuring stable grid operations and fostering active consumer engagement in demand-side management.This strategy not only aligns with contem-porary sustainable energy practices but also provides scalable and robust solutions to pressing challenges in modern power network management.展开更多
The Hai Phong-Ha Long coastal area,with its World Natural Heritage site of Ha Long Bay-Cat Ba islands,has been under intense pressure from rapid development to meet the socio-economic goals set by Hai Phong City and Q...The Hai Phong-Ha Long coastal area,with its World Natural Heritage site of Ha Long Bay-Cat Ba islands,has been under intense pressure from rapid development to meet the socio-economic goals set by Hai Phong City and Quang Ninh Province.As such,urgent land needs for infrastructure construction of economic sectors and urbanization have led to intensive coastal reclamation and seafill leveling,and their environmental consequences.The objective of this study is to assess the adverse environmental effects of coastal reclamation in the Hai Phong—Ha Long area,focusing on ecosystems,environmental quality,and seabed morphology at a regional scale.To achieve this objective,the study employed the regular techniques of environmental assessment methods,such as checklists,matrices,network diagrams,and overlay maps,to appraise these environmental consequences.The results show three main impacted natural components,including coastal ecosystems,environmental qualities,and morphological seabeds,besides coastline changes and socio-economic issues.The most impacted component was coastal ecosystems,followed by the coastal environmental qualities of seawater and sediments,and then the morphological seabed.Based on the study results,it is recommended that during the development of an integrated coastal management plan for the coastal area of Hai Phong–Ha Long,environmental issues of coastal reclamation and seafill leveling must be given much attention.展开更多
Sustainable water,energy and food(WEF)supplies are the bedrock upon which human society depends.Solar-driven interfacial evaporation,combined with electricity generation and cultivation,is a promising approach to miti...Sustainable water,energy and food(WEF)supplies are the bedrock upon which human society depends.Solar-driven interfacial evaporation,combined with electricity generation and cultivation,is a promising approach to mitigate the freshwater,energy and food crises.However,the performance of solar-driven systems decreases significantly during operation due to uncontrollable weather.This study proposes an integrated water/electricity cogeneration-cultivation system with superior thermal management.The energy storage evaporator,consisting of energy storage microcapsules/hydrogel composites,is optimally designed for sustainable desalination,achieving an evaporation rate of around 1.91 kg m^(-2)h^(-1).In the dark,heat released from the phase-change layer supported an evaporation rate of around 0.54kg m^(-2)h^(-1).Reverse electrodialysis harnessed the salinity-gradient energy enhanced during desalination,enabling the long-running WEC system to achieve a power output of~0.3 W m^(-2),which was almost three times higher than that of conventional seawater/surface water mixing.Additionally,an integrated crop irrigation platform utilized system drainage for real-time,on-demand wheat cultivation without secondary contaminants,facilitating seamless WEF integration.This work presents a novel approach to all-day solar water production,electricity generation and crop irrigation,offering a solution and blueprint for the sustainable development of WEF.展开更多
文摘The inability to achieve the target of universal access to electricity is influenced by several factors including funding limitations, the use of obsolete equipment, power theft, and system losses confronting the electricity distribution services of the Electricity Company of Ghana Limited (ECG). The study assessed the components of system losses within the ECG by determining and computing the percentage of system losses within ECG, examining the causes of both commercial and technical losses in ECG, and determining ways to improve energy efficiency by reducing system losses in the most cost-efficient manner. The study adopted deductive reasoning and a quantitative approach to guide data collection and analysis of the research output. A sample of 345 technical and non-technical staff of ECG in the Greater Accra Metropolis was selected from a population of 2500. Purposive, simple random, and cluster sampling techniques were used in identifying and accessing respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics were applied to measure central tendency and degrees of dispersion and the Relative Importance Index (RII) to predict criterion and predictor variables. The impact of low voltage network losses can adversely contribute to technical losses (20%) and reduce energy efficiency in power or electricity distribution companies. Non-technical losses are mainly caused by illegal connections, meter problems, and billing problems. Each of the non-technical losses contributes a maximum of 10% to system losses. Contributors to system losses at ECG are ranked first for power theft and least for lack of incentives. System losses at ECG include metering inaccuracies, bad workmanship, unmetered supply, and lengthy distribution lines, each recording a mean value of above 3.5. Measures to improve monitoring of the networks and systems at ECG and discourage power theft should include an extensive quantification, patrolling, and inspection of the entire network to assess the extent of the network and conditions relevant for the placement of systematically planned maintenance programmes.
文摘If we want to enhance the medical level of modern hospital,we not only need to make the career morality and professional capability of the medical staff,but also require the perfection of the governance institution of hospital in accordance with the development of society.That said,the medical staff will provide the patients with the best service,which is significant to the development of hospital.In addition,every hospital should conduct deepening reform of public hospital comprehensively to respond to call of the government.And the hospital should also put forward professional and comprehensive managing system based on the concrete conditions of the hospital.That is how the hospital can serve the people better.That said,this article focuses on how to promote the system of managing the modern hospital.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
文摘Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2243225)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB40000000)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.Z2024-ZYFS-0065)the Funding of Top Young talents of Ten Thousand talents Plan in China(2021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grants No.2452023071 and 2023HHZX002).
文摘Understanding the complex interactions between human activities and ecosystem functions is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development.Since the implementation of the“Grain for Green”Project in 1999,ecosystem functions in China’s Loess Plateau have significantly improved.However,intensified human activities have also exacerbated the pressures on the region’s fragile ecological environment.This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in the human activity intensity index(HAI)and net ecosystem benefits(NEB)from 2000 to 2020,using expert-based assessments and an enhanced cost-benefit evaluation framework.Results indicate that HAI increased by 16.7% and 16.6% at the grid and county levels,respectively.NEB exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity,with a total increase of USD 36.2 trillion at the grid scale.At the county level,the average NEB rose by 75%.The degree of trade-off was higher at the grid scale than at the county scale,while the synergistic areas initially expanded and then declined at both scales.Key areas for improvement and regions of lagging development were identified as priority zones for ecological management and spatial planning at both spatial resolutions.This study offers scientific insights and practical guidance for harmonizing ecological conservation with high-quality development in ecologically vulnerable regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42522105 and 42171088)the 111 Project of China(Grant No.B23027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘Resilience plays a crucial role in maintaining desirable ecosystem states and is a key objective of sustainable ecosystem management.This study synthesizes the concepts and measurement approaches of terrestrial ecosystem resilience and expounded on its spatio-temporal changes and influencing factors based on the literature over the past 50 years.Arid regions exhibited the lowest levels of spatial resilience,and the global ecosystem resilience showed a downward trend.In the focal regions,ecological resilience in Amazonian and Southeast Asian rainforest regions declined primarily driven by human activities such as deforestation and cropland expansion.Precipitation and temperature exerted bidirectional influences the resilience of ecosystems,indicating that ecosystem responses to climatic factors were non-monotonic.Evidence concerning anthropogenic factors such as land management and deforestation on ecosystem resilience were predominantly negative.Overall,this study provides a comprehensive synthesis of large scale terrestrial ecosystem resilience assessments,offering valuable insights for ecosystem protection and restoration policy development.
文摘Water resources health diagnosis is increasingly recognized as a critical tool.It should not only guide the preservation of water volume,quality,and ecological integrity but also assess the viability of carbon-neutral development pathways.But current research tends to consider water health assessment and carbon-neutrality planning as separate endeavors,which results in imprecise boundaries,disjointed metrics,and a weak linkage between diagnostic outcomes and testable management actions.This review brings together indicator systems,diagnostic systems,and environmental management systems architectures that make it possible to have integrated water-carbon governance.We define fundamental concepts and delimiting decisions followed by the examination of indicator designs across the hydrological regime,water quality,ecological integrity,service performance,resilience,and carbon-related measures,including intensity of energy/emissions,emissions caused by the watershed process of wastewater treatment,as well as the potential sink of the watershed.We compare diagnostic methods,such as composite indices and multi-criteria decision analysis,data-driven early-warning models,process-based and integrated simulations,as well as uncertainty-aware robustness models.Here,based on this synthesis,we suggest an environmental management systems(EMS)-based pathway,which connects the setting of the baseline,the diagnosis,the design of the intervention portfolio,and the measurement-reporting-verification into the closed-loop adaptive cycle.Digital enablement,comprising Internet of Things(IoT)monitoring,remote sensing,data fusion,optimization,and digital twins,is considered a viable way of scaling implementation,subject to interoperability,validation,and model governance.Among the major gaps,there are causal attribution to outcomes,cross-scale coupling of facility emissions and basin health,propagation of uncertainty in a coupled model,and credible Measurement,Reporting,and Verification(MRV)of non-CO_(2) gases and nature-based removals.The review gives a roadmap to normalize core metrics and fast-deployable systems to protect the health of the water resources and give verifiable progress towards carbon neutrality.
文摘The environmental wind tunnel of high-speed railway trains serves as a crucial experimental facility for the research and development of high-speed railway technology.The refrigeration system within the wind tunnel is an important subsystem.However,the design of the wind tunnel refrigeration system management program presents significant scientific challenges and limitations.Traditional management approaches in wind tunnel refrigeration systems suffer from prolonged decision-making times and reliance on experiential knowledge,necessitating the need for intelligent transformation.This paper aims to address these issues by exploring existing intelligent management methodologies and defining the concept of a wind tunnel intelligent laboratory along with its primary modules.Furthermore,we propose a water cooler failure prediction model based on the existing equipment model of the wind tunnel's refrigeration system.This model effectively predicts the Remaining Useful Life(RUL) of the water cooler in the case of fouling failure,contributing to enhanced efficiency,cost reduction,and safety improvements in laboratories.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42377302Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,No.2022XJKK0904State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,No.SKLSSA25K03。
文摘Understanding the scale-dependent dynamics of ecosystem services(ESs)and their socio-ecological drivers is essential for sustainable development.While many studies rely on static or single-scale approaches,this research employs an integrated multi-temporal(2000–2020)and multi-scale(grid,county,and landscape levels)framework to investigate China’s Central Asian frontier,a representative dryland region.We quantified six ESs:habitat quality(HQ),net primary productivity(NPP),carbon sequestration(CS),water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and grain production(GP).Furthermore,we explored their interrelationships and identified the drivers influencing these services across different spatial scales.Our results revealed divergent ES trajectories:the declining HQ(−0.03 a^(−1)),NPP(−0.43 t km^(−2)a^(−1)),and SC(−3.41 t ha a^(−1))contrasted with rising WY(+2.33 mm a^(−1)),GP(+0.06 t km^(−2)a^(−1)),and CS(+0.02 t km^(−2)a^(−1)).The ES relationships were predominantly synergistic,while HQ–WY exhibited a trade-off(grid:−0.03;county:−0.02;landscape:−0.03)at temporal dimension but a synergistic relationship(grid:0.45;county:0.92;landscape:0.92)at spatial dimension.As spatial scale increased,SC–CS shifted from synergy(grid:0.001)to trade-off(county:−0.01;landscape:−0.005)in the temporal dimension,while all trade-off relationships in the spatial dimension were transformed into synergies.Key drivers of ES relationships varied with spatial scale:fraction vegetation coverage(FVC)and leaf area index(LAI)at the grid scale,annual precipitation(MAP)and soil moisture(SMA)at the county scale,and population density(POP),gross domestic product(GDP),and silt content(Silt)at the landscape scale.Based on the multi-scale findings,the study divides northern Xinjiang into Grain Priority Region,Ecological Priority Region,and Desert Containment Region,and proposes tailored management recommendations,offering a flexible framework for balancing ecological and socioeconomic needs.
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project(No 2025YFHH0250).
文摘Climate change is rapidly altering hydrological systems through changes in precipitation patterns,increase the rate of glacier retreat rates,altered snow dynamics,and groundwater stress.Although remote sensing has been extensively deployed in hydrological research,existing reviews typically focus on a single hydrological variable or on particular satellite missions.The review synthesizes remote sensing technologies to monitor climate-related hydrological variations across various components of the water cycle.It is a systematic examination of major satellite missions,sensor technologies,and analytical methods used to monitor precipitation,soil moisture,snow cover,surface water processes,and groundwater variability.The review will employ a structured literature review methodology,focusing on recent peer-reviewed articles that apply optical,microwave,radar,and gravimetric remote sensing methods for hydrological monitoring under changing climatic conditions.It has paid specific attention to the provision of the comparative capabilities,spatial-temporal resolutions,and practical applications of key satellite missions,such as Landsat,Sentinel,MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer),GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement),and GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment).Moreover,to illustrate the use of remote sensing in detecting glacier retreat,drought formation,and coastal groundwater salinization,regional case studies are selected and analyzed.The review identifies new opportunities to use multi-sensor data,machine learning,and high-resolution monitoring to enhance hydrological analyses.This study is useful in practice by synthesizing existing technological opportunities and research trends to enhance climate-responsive water resource monitoring and by outlining future research directions in remote sensing-based hydrological analysis.
文摘The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services(ES)are not given explicit attention.This review will combine both conceptual and empirical evidence of the connection between CE interventions and ES outcomes to enable more sustainable management of resources.We describe the effects of the CE strategies on the key environmental pressure pathways,altering ecosystem conditions,and impacting the delivery of regulating,provisioning,and cultural ecosystem services using a pressure condition-service framework.Analysis reveals that demand-side reduction and product life-extension strategies tend to offer more consistent ecosystem service co-benefits than recycling and recovery strategies because they do not involve production,and will cause less disturbance to the upstream environment.Contrastingly,recycling and recovery sustainability performance is highly dependent on the sources of energy,intensity of processing,and the safety of materials.Bio-based circularity has the potential to increase soil functionality and nutrient cycling,and mass application will result in trade-offs in terms of land competition and nutrient leakage.The sectoral analysis identifies the unique opportunities and threats in the agri-food systems,the built environment,plastics and textiles,electronics and critical minerals,and water and wastewater systems in terms of the burden displacement,local environmental pressures,and equity concerns.Harmonized reporting,coupled with supply-chain and spatial ecological assessment,threshold-conscious strategies that promote safe and regenerative circular systems should be put into the line of future research.
基金funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR)project“AGB-2018-175:Enhancing smallholder livelihoods in the Central Highlands of Viet Nam through improving the sustainability of coffee and black pepper farming systems and value chains”and Deakin University.
文摘Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project No.PNURSP2025R510Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The technological advancement of the vehicular Internet ofThings(IoT)has revolutionized Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)into next-generation ITS.The connectivity of IoT nodes enables improved data availability and facilitates automatic control in the ITS environment.The exponential increase in IoT nodes has significantly increased the demand for an energy-efficient,mobility-aware,and secure system for distributed intelligence.This article presents a mobility-aware Deep Reinforcement Learning based Federated Learning(DRL-FL)approach to design an energy-efficient and threat-resilient ITS.In this approach,a Policy Proximal Optimization(PPO)-based DRL agent is first employed for adaptive client selection.Second,an autoencoder-based anomaly detectionmodule is considered for malicious node detection.Results reveal that the proposed framework achieved an 8%higher accuracy increase,and 15%lower energy consumption.Themodel also demonstrates greater resilience under adversarial conditions compared to the state of the art in federated learning.The adaptability of the proposed approach makes it a compelling choice for next-generation vehicular networks.
文摘Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.
文摘Large-scale complex systems are integral to the functioning of various organizations within the national economy.Despite their significance,the lengthy construction cycles and the involvement of multiple entities often result in the deprioritization of standardized management practices,as they do not yield immediate benefits.The implementation of such systems typically encompasses the integrated phases of "development,construction,utiliz ation,and operation and maintenance".To enhance the overall delivery quality of these systems,it is imperative to dismantle the management barriers among these phases and adopt a holistic approach to standardized management.This paper takes a specific system project as a research object to identify common challenges,and proposes improvement strategies in the implementation of standar dized management.Empirical results indicate a substantial reduction in the system s full-lifecycle costs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22168008,22378085)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2024GXNSFDA010053)+1 种基金the Technology Development Project of Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd(202100039)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2024065).
文摘Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Basic Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middleaged Teachers in Guangxi Universities,China,“Research on Digital Marketing of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Western Guangxi”(Grant No.2024KY0740)Scientific Research Basic Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities,China:“Research on Industrial Revitalization Promoting High-Quality Development of Rural Economy in Guangxi under the Concept of Transportation-Tourism Integration”(Grant No.2024KY0743)+1 种基金Guangxi Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project:“Reform and Practice of a‘Three-Line Five-Step’Virtual Simulation Teaching Mode for the Financial Sharing Course Based on Inquiry-Based Learning”(Grant No.2024JGB355)Guangxi Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Annual Project:“Research on the Mechanism and Path of Service Talent Team Building for Guangxi Community Elderly Care Service Complexes”(Grant No.24GLF012).
文摘Expanding economic potential and protecting the environment,while facing mounting climate and biodiversity stress,is becoming the challenge of environmental resource management.This review explores developments and ongoing obstacles in six areas of resource of the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)that include water;land,soils,and food systems;forests and terrestrial carbon biodiversity governance;oceans,coasts,and fisheries;biodiversity connectivity;and extractives and energy-transition supply chains.Most of the interventions continue to ignore ecological thresholds,accruing effects,and cross-system feedbacks,whereas monitoring systems focus on measures of activity rather than confirmed results.Conversely,sustained improvement is most frequently associated with integrated governance,which incorporates open measurement,implementation,rights-based participation,and fair distribution of benefits.Local conservation is often overwhelmed by market forces of demand and structural forces,including subsidies,supply chains,and investment in infrastructure,which fail to stop leakage or war,unless accountability mechanisms are in place.Climate change also aggravates set baselines and puts forward the importance of adaptive regulation,spatial planning,and diversified portfolios,which combine engineered reliability with ecosystem resilience.The review brings out current SDG priorities,which include outcome-based indicators,causal evaluation,governance structures that enhance legitimacy,and transition planning that harmonizes the mineral sourcing,renewable deployment,biodiversity,and water limits.Combined,these observations indicate that striking the balance between ecology and economy is possible when ecological boundaries are under consideration as binding constraints and equity is perceived as a source of sustainability.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021ZD0112700).
文摘This paper develops an advanced framework for the operational optimization of integrated multi-energy systems that encompass electricity,gas,and heating networks.Introducing a cutting-edge stochastic gradient-enhanced distributionally robust optimization approach,this study integrates deep learning models,especially generative adversarial networks,to adeptly handle the inherent variability and uncertainties of renewable energy and fluctuating consumer demands.The effectiveness of this framework is rigorously tested through detailed simulations mirroring real-world urban energy consumption,renewable energy production,and market price fluctuations over an annual period.The results reveal substantial improvements in the resilience and efficiency of the grid,achieving a reduction in power distribution losses by 15%and enhancing voltage stability by 20%,markedly outperforming conventional systems.Additionally,the framework facilitates up to 25%in cost reductions during peak demand periods,significantly lowering operational costs.The adoption of stochastic gradients further refines the framework’s ability to continually adjust to real-time changes in environmental and market conditions,ensuring stable grid operations and fostering active consumer engagement in demand-side management.This strategy not only aligns with contem-porary sustainable energy practices but also provides scalable and robust solutions to pressing challenges in modern power network management.
基金supported by the project“Development of Comprehensive Solutions for Environmental Management in the Northeast Coastal Waters of Viet Nam in an Age of Global Changes”(Code:NDT/ITA/2024/07)under the framework of the bilateral scientific and technological cooperation program between Vietnam and Italy(2024-2027).
文摘The Hai Phong-Ha Long coastal area,with its World Natural Heritage site of Ha Long Bay-Cat Ba islands,has been under intense pressure from rapid development to meet the socio-economic goals set by Hai Phong City and Quang Ninh Province.As such,urgent land needs for infrastructure construction of economic sectors and urbanization have led to intensive coastal reclamation and seafill leveling,and their environmental consequences.The objective of this study is to assess the adverse environmental effects of coastal reclamation in the Hai Phong—Ha Long area,focusing on ecosystems,environmental quality,and seabed morphology at a regional scale.To achieve this objective,the study employed the regular techniques of environmental assessment methods,such as checklists,matrices,network diagrams,and overlay maps,to appraise these environmental consequences.The results show three main impacted natural components,including coastal ecosystems,environmental qualities,and morphological seabeds,besides coastline changes and socio-economic issues.The most impacted component was coastal ecosystems,followed by the coastal environmental qualities of seawater and sediments,and then the morphological seabed.Based on the study results,it is recommended that during the development of an integrated coastal management plan for the coastal area of Hai Phong–Ha Long,environmental issues of coastal reclamation and seafill leveling must be given much attention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52070057)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730855)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(No.LBH-Z22183)for financial support。
文摘Sustainable water,energy and food(WEF)supplies are the bedrock upon which human society depends.Solar-driven interfacial evaporation,combined with electricity generation and cultivation,is a promising approach to mitigate the freshwater,energy and food crises.However,the performance of solar-driven systems decreases significantly during operation due to uncontrollable weather.This study proposes an integrated water/electricity cogeneration-cultivation system with superior thermal management.The energy storage evaporator,consisting of energy storage microcapsules/hydrogel composites,is optimally designed for sustainable desalination,achieving an evaporation rate of around 1.91 kg m^(-2)h^(-1).In the dark,heat released from the phase-change layer supported an evaporation rate of around 0.54kg m^(-2)h^(-1).Reverse electrodialysis harnessed the salinity-gradient energy enhanced during desalination,enabling the long-running WEC system to achieve a power output of~0.3 W m^(-2),which was almost three times higher than that of conventional seawater/surface water mixing.Additionally,an integrated crop irrigation platform utilized system drainage for real-time,on-demand wheat cultivation without secondary contaminants,facilitating seamless WEF integration.This work presents a novel approach to all-day solar water production,electricity generation and crop irrigation,offering a solution and blueprint for the sustainable development of WEF.
