This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode sche...This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.展开更多
Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers ...Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers and lacks theoretical guidance.This paper proposes a concise graph representation method based on graph theory for fuel thermal management systems,which can represent all possible connections between subsystems.A generalized optimization algorithm is proposed for fuel thermal management system architecture to minimize the heat sink.This algorithm can autonomously arrange subsystems with heat production differences and efficiently utilize the architecture of the fuel heat sink.At the same time,two evaluation indices are proposed from the perspective of subsystems.These indices intuitively and clearly show that the reason for the high efficiency of heat sink utilization is the balanced and moderate cooling of each subsystem and verify the rationality of the architecture optimization method.A set of simulations are also conducted,which demonstrate that the fuel tank temperature has no effect on the performance of the architecture.This paper provides a reference for the architectural design of aircraft fuel thermal management systems.The metrics used in this paper can also be utilized to evaluate the existing architecture.展开更多
This study analyzes the causes and effects of climate change in the upper Niger River basin and the implementation of local adaptation strategies based on EMS(Environmental Management Systems).It aims to strengthen ec...This study analyzes the causes and effects of climate change in the upper Niger River basin and the implementation of local adaptation strategies based on EMS(Environmental Management Systems).It aims to strengthen ecological resilience and sustainable natural resource management practices through training,awareness-raising,and community participation.The work was conducted in three rural communes in the Kissidougou prefecture,located in the Faranah administrative region.Data collection and analysis tools included questionnaires,GPS devices,digital devices,laptops,and Excel and SPSS software.The methodology employed a participatory and multidisciplinary approach combining a literature review,surveys of 163 respondents,semi-structured interviews with 16 key informants,training for 218 technical staff and local elected officials(30%of whom were women),and awareness-raising activities for 1,800 participants in local languages.Five community forests covering 443.58 hectares were integrated into management plans,concerted,under the coordination of the NGO APARFE.The results show an increase in average temperature(+0.8°C since 1960),a decrease in rainfall(-5.3 mm/month),and increased vulnerability of populations dependent on agriculture.The integration of the EMS(Environmental Management System)has led to improvements in environmental governance,community forest management,awareness of sustainable agricultural practices,and the inclusion of women(51%of participants).In short,the EMS is an effective tool for strengthening community resilience and environmental sustainability.展开更多
Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core cros...Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core crosstalk.In this paper,we demonstrate a realtime high-speed SDM transmission system over a field-deployed 7-core MCF cable using commercial 400 Gbit/s backbone optical transport network(OTN)transceivers and a network management system.The transceivers employ a high noise-tolerant quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK)modulation format with a 130 Gbaud rate,enabled by optoelectronic multi-chip module(OE-MCM)packaging.The network management system can effectively manage and monitor the performance of the 7-core SDM OTN system and promptly report failure events through alarms.Our field trial demonstrates the compatibility of uncoupled MCF with high-speed OTN transmission equipment and network management systems,supporting its future deployment in next-generation high-speed terrestrial cable transmission networks.展开更多
To improve the thermal performance and temperature uniformity of battery pack,this paper presents a novel battery thermal management system(BTMS)that integrates oscillating heat pipe(OHP)technology with liquid cooling...To improve the thermal performance and temperature uniformity of battery pack,this paper presents a novel battery thermal management system(BTMS)that integrates oscillating heat pipe(OHP)technology with liquid cooling.The primary innovation of the new hybrid BTMS lies in the use of an OHP with vertically arranged evaporator and condenser,enabling dual heat transfer pathways through liquid cooling plate and OHP.This study experimentally investigates the performance characteristics of the⊥-shaped OHP and hybrid BTMS.Results show that lower filling ratios significantly enhance the OHP’s startup performance but reduce operational stability,with optimal performance achieved at a 26.1%filling ratio.Acetone,as a single working fluid,exhibited superior heat transfer performance under low-load conditions compared to mixed fluids,while the acetone/ethanol mixture,forming a non-azeotropic solution,minimized temperature fluctuations.At 100 W,the⊥-shaped OHP with a horizontally arranged evaporator demonstrated better heat transfer performance than 2D-OHP designs.Compared to a liquid BTMS using water coolant at 280 W,the hybrid BTMS reduced the equivalent thermal resistance(RBTMS)and maximum temperature difference(ΔTmax)by 8.06%and 19.1%,respectively.When graphene nanofluid was used as the coolant in hybrid BTMS,the battery pack’s average temperature(Tb)dropped from 52.2℃ to 47.9℃,with RBTMS andΔTmax decreasing by 20.1%and 32.7%,respectively.These findings underscore the hybrid BTMS’s suitability for high heat load applications,offering a promising solution for electric vehicle thermal management.展开更多
To improve the level of sports social management,to achieve standardized management,quick query,scientific statistics of sports social information,and to meet the needs of sports organizers,social platform managers,an...To improve the level of sports social management,to achieve standardized management,quick query,scientific statistics of sports social information,and to meet the needs of sports organizers,social platform managers,and other users,this paper introduces a sports social management system based on Spring Boot.The system uses Eclipse for Java Web development,selects MySQL 5.6 database as the background data storage solution,uses Java language to write code,and uses Tomcat server to build the running environment of applications.The system has the function of adding,deleting,changing and checking sports activities,supporting the input,query and statistical analysis of users’sports results,sports consumption and sports distance,and also allows to add,delete,modify and query the information of sports friends,aiming to provide users with a comprehensive and efficient sports social information management platform.展开更多
Thermosyphon loops are widely used in cooling systems.However,such distributed thermal management systems lack the ability to actively control the coolant flow in each parallel branch.An effective method for addressin...Thermosyphon loops are widely used in cooling systems.However,such distributed thermal management systems lack the ability to actively control the coolant flow in each parallel branch.An effective method for addressing this is to control the coolant flow in each branch using a solenoid valve.However,the existing valves do not satisfy the requirements for fast switching,low power,low pressure loss,and miniaturization.Therefore,in this study,a low-power-consumption miniature solenoid valve(LMSV)is proposed for use in thermal management systems.The key novelty is that the valve is designed with a suitably sized permanent magnet(PM)to allow the spool to continue working without consuming electrical energy.To achieve low flow resistance,a straight-through design is employed in the valve with the electromagnetic actuator located inside the valve shell.Multiphysical coupling analysis is performed to investigate its performance.The influence of the PM dimensions and current on the magnetic field distribution and electromagnetic force is studied.The effects of these key parameters on the flow field and pressure loss are also analyzed.Because the LMSV is sensitive to temperature,the switching time and energy consumption at different working temperatures are investigated.Experimental test platforms are constructed.A valve switching time of as short as 3 ms,pressure loss of 200 Pa at 0.92 L/min,and energy consumption of approximately 1.55 J during the opening and closing processes are achieved.The novel solenoid valve proposed in this study offers fast switching,low power consumption,low pressure loss,and miniaturization to meet the requirements of thermal management systems.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of a whole-course nursing objective management system on disease control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to propose strategies for constructing such a system ...Objective: To explore the effect of a whole-course nursing objective management system on disease control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to propose strategies for constructing such a system for these patients. Methods: Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the hospital from January 2024 to June 2024 were selected. The control group (n = 45) received routine nursing care, while the observation group (n = 45) received whole-course nursing. Indicators such as glucose metabolism and compliance behavior were measured before and after care, and the health and quality of life of patients in both groups were evaluated. Results: A comparison of blood glucose levels and compliance behavior showed that the observation group had lower blood glucose levels than the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the compliance behavior score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The holistic nursing model demonstrates significant nursing effects for patients with type 2 diabetes. This approach not only assists in blood sugar control, prevents disease progression, and reduces complications, but also enhances patients’ knowledge of health management, aiding in their recovery.展开更多
As the core industry of energy supply,the efficiency of storage and logistics management of thermal power plant has a direct impact on the safety,economy and sustainability of power generation.At present,the tradition...As the core industry of energy supply,the efficiency of storage and logistics management of thermal power plant has a direct impact on the safety,economy and sustainability of power generation.At present,the traditional thermal power plant warehousing and logistics system is faced with decentralized management,information lag,high dependence on manual and insufficient cost control,which cannot meet the needs of modern management.The in-depth application of Internet of Things(IoT)technology provides technical support for the digital upgrade of warehousing and logistics system,but there are still challenges in data integration depth,prediction model accuracy and adaptability to complex environment.The intelligent warehouse and logistics management system developed in this study for thermal power plants integrates IoT,AI,and automation technologies to create a smart management platform that covers full lifecycle tracking of material information,automated warehouse scheduling,intelligent logistics path optimization,and multidimensional data analysis.By deploying RFID tags,smart sensor terminals,and AGV logistics equipment,combined with recursive neural networks and reinforcement learning algorithms,the system achieves real-time material status monitoring,precise inventory demand forecasting,and dynamic optimization of transportation routes.展开更多
The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack sys...The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack systematic frameworks capable of addressing the contextual and pedagogical nuances required for effective implementation.This paper introduces a novel framework that combines Data-Driven Error-Correcting Output Codes(DECOC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,and Multi-Layer Deep Neural Networks(ML-DNN)to identify optimal emoji placements within computer science course materials.The originality of the proposed system lies in its ability to leverage sentiment analysis techniques and contextual embeddings to align emoji recommendations with both the emotional tone and learning objectives of course content.A meticulously annotated dataset,comprising diverse topics in computer science,was developed to train and validate the model,ensuring its applicability across a wide range of educational contexts.Comprehensive validation demonstrated the system’s superior performance,achieving an accuracy of 92.4%,precision of 90.7%,recall of 89.3%,and an F1-score of 90.0%.Comparative analysis with baselinemodels and relatedworks confirms themodel’s ability tooutperformexisting approaches inbalancing accuracy,relevance,and contextual appropriateness.Beyond its technical advancements,this framework offers practical benefits for educators by providing an Artificial Intelligence-assisted(AI-assisted)tool that facilitates personalized content adaptation based on student sentiment and engagement patterns.By automating the identification of appropriate emoji placements,teachers can enhance digital course materials with minimal effort,improving the clarity of complex concepts and fostering an emotionally supportive learning environment.This paper contributes to the emerging field of AI-enhanced education by addressing critical gaps in personalized content delivery and pedagogical support.Its findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating AI-driven emoji placement systems into educational materials,offering an innovative tool for fostering student engagement and enhancing learning outcomes.The proposed framework establishes a foundation for future advancements in the visual augmentation of educational resources,emphasizing scalability and adaptability for broader applications in e-learning.展开更多
The integration of Learning Management Systems(LMSs)into educational settings is becoming increasingly common,especially in the digital field.Understanding the factors influencing the acceptance and effective use of L...The integration of Learning Management Systems(LMSs)into educational settings is becoming increasingly common,especially in the digital field.Understanding the factors influencing the acceptance and effective use of LMS is essential to ensure successful implementation.The Technology Acceptance Model(TAM)has been widely used to check user acceptance of various technologies,including LMS.This study conducted a systematic literature review(SLR)to analyze existing research on the application of TAM in the context of LMS.A comprehensive search of the academic database was conducted to identify relevant studies published in 2010-2025.The review synthesizes findings related to the core constructs of TAM—Perceived Usability,Perceived Ease of Use,Behavioral Intent,and Actual Use—as well as extended factors such as system quality,self-efficacy,and social influence.The results reveal circumstantial evidence supporting the predictive power of TAM in LMS adoption,while also highlighting emerging trends and gaps in the literature.This review contributes to a deeper understanding of user acceptance in a digital learning environment and provides recommendations for future research and practical LMS implementation strategies.展开更多
Nowadays, there exist various standards for individual management systems （MSs）, at least, one for each stakeholder. New ones will be published. An integrated management system （IMS） aims to integrate some or all ...Nowadays, there exist various standards for individual management systems （MSs）, at least, one for each stakeholder. New ones will be published. An integrated management system （IMS） aims to integrate some or all components of the business into one coherent and efficient MS. Maximizing integration is more and more a strategic priority in that it constitutes an opportunity to eliminate and/or reduce potential factors of destruction of value for the organizations and also to be more competitive and consequently promote its sustainable success. A preliminary investigation was conducted on a Portuguese industrial company which, over the years, has been adopting gradually, in whole or in part, individualized management system standards （MSSs）. A research, through a questionnaire, was performed with the objective to develop, in a real business environment, an adequate and efficient IMS-QES （quality, environment, and safety） model and to potentiate for the future a generic IMS model to integrate other MSSs. The strategy and research methods have taken into consideration the case study. It was obtained a set of relevant conclusions resulting from the statistical analyses of the responses to the survey. Globally, the investigation results, by themselves, justified and prioritized the conception of a model of development of the IMS-QES and consequent definition and validation of a structure of an IMS-QES model, to be implemented at the small- and medium-sized enterprise （SME） where the investigation was conducted.展开更多
Aim To research and develop a battery management system(BMS)with the state of charge(SOC)indicator for electric vehicles (EVs).Methods On the basis of analyzing the electro-chemical characteristics of lead-acid. batte...Aim To research and develop a battery management system(BMS)with the state of charge(SOC)indicator for electric vehicles (EVs).Methods On the basis of analyzing the electro-chemical characteristics of lead-acid. battery, the state of charge indicator for lead-acid battery was developed by means of an algorithm based on combination of ampere-hour, Peukert's equation and open-voltage method with the compensation of temperature,aging,self- discharging,etc..Results The BMS based on this method can attain an accurate surplus capa- city whose error is less than 5% in static experiments.It is proved by experiments that the BMS is reliable and can give the driver an accurate surplus capacity,precisely monitor the individual battery modules as the same time,even detect and warn the problems early,and so on. Conclusion A BMS can make the energy of the storage batteries used efficiently, develop the batteries cycle life,and increase the driving distance of EVs.展开更多
In order to solve the urgent problem of how to manage and sustain highway tunnels with advanced information technology with the background of the rapid development in the modem traffic, and achieve the cost- effective...In order to solve the urgent problem of how to manage and sustain highway tunnels with advanced information technology with the background of the rapid development in the modem traffic, and achieve the cost- effectiveness optimal principle objectives under the premise of guaranteeing a smooth flow of traffic; a highway tunnel maintenance and management system framework and the key modules were proposed. First, the determined highway tunnel condition assessment index system was established according to the result of expert consulting forms. Secondly, the tunnel diseases, the corresponding maintenance measurements, and many-to-many relationship between diseases and maintenance measurements were introduced. Then, three kinds of 0-1 integer programming models were built according to different tunnel operators＇ needs in the optimization decision module. Finally, the further development and implementation of the system was prospected. The research results can provide references to tunnel researchers and managers.展开更多
This paper proposes a new battery management system （BMS） based on a master-slave control mode for multi-cell li-ion battery packs. The proposed BMS can be applied in li-ion battery packs with any cell number. The w...This paper proposes a new battery management system （BMS） based on a master-slave control mode for multi-cell li-ion battery packs. The proposed BMS can be applied in li-ion battery packs with any cell number. The whole system is composed of a master processor and a string of slave manager cells （SMCs）. Each battery cell corresponds to an SMC. Unlike the conventional BMS, the proposed one has a novel method for communication, and it collects the battery status information in a direct and simple way. An SMC communicates with its adjacent counterparts to transfer the battery information as well as the commands from the master processor. The nethermost SMC communicates with the master processor directly. This method allows the battery management chips to be implemented in a standard CMOS （ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process. A testing chip is fabricated in the CSMC 0.5 μm 5 V N-well CMOS process. The testing results verify that the proposed method for data communication and the battery management system can protect and manage multi-cell li-ion battery packs.展开更多
This paper comprehensively analyzes the evolution of traffic light systems in Shanghai,highlighting the technological advancements and their impact on traffic management and safety.Starting from the historical context...This paper comprehensively analyzes the evolution of traffic light systems in Shanghai,highlighting the technological advancements and their impact on traffic management and safety.Starting from the historical context of the first traffic light in London in 1868 to the modern automated systems,the study explores the complexity and adaptability of traffic lights in Shanghai.Through field surveys and interviews with traffic engineers,the paper debunks common misconceptions about traffic light operation,revealing a sophisticated network that responds to real-time traffic dynamics using software like the Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System(SCATS)6.The study also discusses the importance of pedestrian safety,suggesting future enhancements such as Global Positioning System(GPS)based emergency systems and accommodations for color-blind individuals.The paper further delves into the potential of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V21)technology in revolutionizing traffic light systems,emphasizing their role in improving traffic flow and safety.The findings underscore Shanghai’s progressive approach to traffic management,showcasing the city’s commitment to optimizing traffic control solutions for the benefit of both vehicles and pedestrians.展开更多
With the gradual acceleration of information construction in colleges and universities,digital campus and smart campus have gradually become important means for colleges and universities to scientifically manage the c...With the gradual acceleration of information construction in colleges and universities,digital campus and smart campus have gradually become important means for colleges and universities to scientifically manage the campus.They have been applied to teaching,scientific research,student management,and other fields,improving the quality and efficiency of management.This paper mainly studies the intelligent educational administration management system based on data mining technology.Firstly,this paper introduces the application process of data mining technology,and builds an intelligent educational administration management system based on data mining technology.Then,this paper optimizes the application of the Apriori algorithm in educational administration management through transaction compression and frequent sampling.Compared with the traditional Apriori algorithm,the optimized Apriori algorithm in this paper has a shorter execution time under the same minimum support.展开更多
Relevant documents issued by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Health require hospitals to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency,which will place newer and higher demands on medical e...Relevant documents issued by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Health require hospitals to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency,which will place newer and higher demands on medical equipment management.However,the current process of medical equipment quality control in hospitals faces issues such as weak control awareness,untimely maintenance of faulty equipment,and a lack of informatization management tools.These problems severely restrict the development of medical equipment quality management.To address these issues,this article uses a tertiary hospital in Urumqi as an experimental platform to analyze the deficiencies in the current medical equipment quality control management system of public hospitals.Based on practical needs such as equipment procurement,contract management,and equipment management,the research is conducted from three aspects:system architecture,functional design,and talent training,utilizing an information management system.Suggestions are provided,aiming to make a modest contribution to promoting medical equipment quality control management in China.展开更多
In the Engine CAD application system engineering database management system (ECAD-EDBMS) is the kernel. ECAD-EDBMS can manage and process the multimedia such as graphics, data, text, sound, image and video. It provide...In the Engine CAD application system engineering database management system (ECAD-EDBMS) is the kernel. ECAD-EDBMS can manage and process the multimedia such as graphics, data, text, sound, image and video. It provides the integrated environment and more functions for many subsystems of ECAD and engine designers. So it improves the design efficiency.展开更多
It is the key to construct the traceability mechanism of quality responsibility for ensuring the quality and safety of animal products. In this study, after defining the concept of traceability system and analyzing it...It is the key to construct the traceability mechanism of quality responsibility for ensuring the quality and safety of animal products. In this study, after defining the concept of traceability system and analyzing its function mechanism, the design ideas of pork quality and safety traceability system based on bar code and Internet were put forward, including network structure, system process, business process and information identifica- tion. Then the relevant management systems were proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant No.62204235。
文摘This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.
文摘Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers and lacks theoretical guidance.This paper proposes a concise graph representation method based on graph theory for fuel thermal management systems,which can represent all possible connections between subsystems.A generalized optimization algorithm is proposed for fuel thermal management system architecture to minimize the heat sink.This algorithm can autonomously arrange subsystems with heat production differences and efficiently utilize the architecture of the fuel heat sink.At the same time,two evaluation indices are proposed from the perspective of subsystems.These indices intuitively and clearly show that the reason for the high efficiency of heat sink utilization is the balanced and moderate cooling of each subsystem and verify the rationality of the architecture optimization method.A set of simulations are also conducted,which demonstrate that the fuel tank temperature has no effect on the performance of the architecture.This paper provides a reference for the architectural design of aircraft fuel thermal management systems.The metrics used in this paper can also be utilized to evaluate the existing architecture.
文摘This study analyzes the causes and effects of climate change in the upper Niger River basin and the implementation of local adaptation strategies based on EMS(Environmental Management Systems).It aims to strengthen ecological resilience and sustainable natural resource management practices through training,awareness-raising,and community participation.The work was conducted in three rural communes in the Kissidougou prefecture,located in the Faranah administrative region.Data collection and analysis tools included questionnaires,GPS devices,digital devices,laptops,and Excel and SPSS software.The methodology employed a participatory and multidisciplinary approach combining a literature review,surveys of 163 respondents,semi-structured interviews with 16 key informants,training for 218 technical staff and local elected officials(30%of whom were women),and awareness-raising activities for 1,800 participants in local languages.Five community forests covering 443.58 hectares were integrated into management plans,concerted,under the coordination of the NGO APARFE.The results show an increase in average temperature(+0.8°C since 1960),a decrease in rainfall(-5.3 mm/month),and increased vulnerability of populations dependent on agriculture.The integration of the EMS(Environmental Management System)has led to improvements in environmental governance,community forest management,awareness of sustainable agricultural practices,and the inclusion of women(51%of participants).In short,the EMS is an effective tool for strengthening community resilience and environmental sustainability.
文摘Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core crosstalk.In this paper,we demonstrate a realtime high-speed SDM transmission system over a field-deployed 7-core MCF cable using commercial 400 Gbit/s backbone optical transport network(OTN)transceivers and a network management system.The transceivers employ a high noise-tolerant quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK)modulation format with a 130 Gbaud rate,enabled by optoelectronic multi-chip module(OE-MCM)packaging.The network management system can effectively manage and monitor the performance of the 7-core SDM OTN system and promptly report failure events through alarms.Our field trial demonstrates the compatibility of uncoupled MCF with high-speed OTN transmission equipment and network management systems,supporting its future deployment in next-generation high-speed terrestrial cable transmission networks.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(GJJ2404911)the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme:FRGS/1/2024/TK10/UMP/02/15 and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(RDU240117).
文摘To improve the thermal performance and temperature uniformity of battery pack,this paper presents a novel battery thermal management system(BTMS)that integrates oscillating heat pipe(OHP)technology with liquid cooling.The primary innovation of the new hybrid BTMS lies in the use of an OHP with vertically arranged evaporator and condenser,enabling dual heat transfer pathways through liquid cooling plate and OHP.This study experimentally investigates the performance characteristics of the⊥-shaped OHP and hybrid BTMS.Results show that lower filling ratios significantly enhance the OHP’s startup performance but reduce operational stability,with optimal performance achieved at a 26.1%filling ratio.Acetone,as a single working fluid,exhibited superior heat transfer performance under low-load conditions compared to mixed fluids,while the acetone/ethanol mixture,forming a non-azeotropic solution,minimized temperature fluctuations.At 100 W,the⊥-shaped OHP with a horizontally arranged evaporator demonstrated better heat transfer performance than 2D-OHP designs.Compared to a liquid BTMS using water coolant at 280 W,the hybrid BTMS reduced the equivalent thermal resistance(RBTMS)and maximum temperature difference(ΔTmax)by 8.06%and 19.1%,respectively.When graphene nanofluid was used as the coolant in hybrid BTMS,the battery pack’s average temperature(Tb)dropped from 52.2℃ to 47.9℃,with RBTMS andΔTmax decreasing by 20.1%and 32.7%,respectively.These findings underscore the hybrid BTMS’s suitability for high heat load applications,offering a promising solution for electric vehicle thermal management.
基金College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Pujiang College,Nanjing University of Technology(PJ202413905083)Natural Science Project of Pujiang College,Nanjing University of Technology(njpj2024-1-01)。
文摘To improve the level of sports social management,to achieve standardized management,quick query,scientific statistics of sports social information,and to meet the needs of sports organizers,social platform managers,and other users,this paper introduces a sports social management system based on Spring Boot.The system uses Eclipse for Java Web development,selects MySQL 5.6 database as the background data storage solution,uses Java language to write code,and uses Tomcat server to build the running environment of applications.The system has the function of adding,deleting,changing and checking sports activities,supporting the input,query and statistical analysis of users’sports results,sports consumption and sports distance,and also allows to add,delete,modify and query the information of sports friends,aiming to provide users with a comprehensive and efficient sports social information management platform.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2805703)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52305073,51975507).
文摘Thermosyphon loops are widely used in cooling systems.However,such distributed thermal management systems lack the ability to actively control the coolant flow in each parallel branch.An effective method for addressing this is to control the coolant flow in each branch using a solenoid valve.However,the existing valves do not satisfy the requirements for fast switching,low power,low pressure loss,and miniaturization.Therefore,in this study,a low-power-consumption miniature solenoid valve(LMSV)is proposed for use in thermal management systems.The key novelty is that the valve is designed with a suitably sized permanent magnet(PM)to allow the spool to continue working without consuming electrical energy.To achieve low flow resistance,a straight-through design is employed in the valve with the electromagnetic actuator located inside the valve shell.Multiphysical coupling analysis is performed to investigate its performance.The influence of the PM dimensions and current on the magnetic field distribution and electromagnetic force is studied.The effects of these key parameters on the flow field and pressure loss are also analyzed.Because the LMSV is sensitive to temperature,the switching time and energy consumption at different working temperatures are investigated.Experimental test platforms are constructed.A valve switching time of as short as 3 ms,pressure loss of 200 Pa at 0.92 L/min,and energy consumption of approximately 1.55 J during the opening and closing processes are achieved.The novel solenoid valve proposed in this study offers fast switching,low power consumption,low pressure loss,and miniaturization to meet the requirements of thermal management systems.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of a whole-course nursing objective management system on disease control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to propose strategies for constructing such a system for these patients. Methods: Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the hospital from January 2024 to June 2024 were selected. The control group (n = 45) received routine nursing care, while the observation group (n = 45) received whole-course nursing. Indicators such as glucose metabolism and compliance behavior were measured before and after care, and the health and quality of life of patients in both groups were evaluated. Results: A comparison of blood glucose levels and compliance behavior showed that the observation group had lower blood glucose levels than the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the compliance behavior score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The holistic nursing model demonstrates significant nursing effects for patients with type 2 diabetes. This approach not only assists in blood sugar control, prevents disease progression, and reduces complications, but also enhances patients’ knowledge of health management, aiding in their recovery.
文摘As the core industry of energy supply,the efficiency of storage and logistics management of thermal power plant has a direct impact on the safety,economy and sustainability of power generation.At present,the traditional thermal power plant warehousing and logistics system is faced with decentralized management,information lag,high dependence on manual and insufficient cost control,which cannot meet the needs of modern management.The in-depth application of Internet of Things(IoT)technology provides technical support for the digital upgrade of warehousing and logistics system,but there are still challenges in data integration depth,prediction model accuracy and adaptability to complex environment.The intelligent warehouse and logistics management system developed in this study for thermal power plants integrates IoT,AI,and automation technologies to create a smart management platform that covers full lifecycle tracking of material information,automated warehouse scheduling,intelligent logistics path optimization,and multidimensional data analysis.By deploying RFID tags,smart sensor terminals,and AGV logistics equipment,combined with recursive neural networks and reinforcement learning algorithms,the system achieves real-time material status monitoring,precise inventory demand forecasting,and dynamic optimization of transportation routes.
基金funded by the Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research at Majmaah University,grant number[R-2025-1637].
文摘The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack systematic frameworks capable of addressing the contextual and pedagogical nuances required for effective implementation.This paper introduces a novel framework that combines Data-Driven Error-Correcting Output Codes(DECOC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,and Multi-Layer Deep Neural Networks(ML-DNN)to identify optimal emoji placements within computer science course materials.The originality of the proposed system lies in its ability to leverage sentiment analysis techniques and contextual embeddings to align emoji recommendations with both the emotional tone and learning objectives of course content.A meticulously annotated dataset,comprising diverse topics in computer science,was developed to train and validate the model,ensuring its applicability across a wide range of educational contexts.Comprehensive validation demonstrated the system’s superior performance,achieving an accuracy of 92.4%,precision of 90.7%,recall of 89.3%,and an F1-score of 90.0%.Comparative analysis with baselinemodels and relatedworks confirms themodel’s ability tooutperformexisting approaches inbalancing accuracy,relevance,and contextual appropriateness.Beyond its technical advancements,this framework offers practical benefits for educators by providing an Artificial Intelligence-assisted(AI-assisted)tool that facilitates personalized content adaptation based on student sentiment and engagement patterns.By automating the identification of appropriate emoji placements,teachers can enhance digital course materials with minimal effort,improving the clarity of complex concepts and fostering an emotionally supportive learning environment.This paper contributes to the emerging field of AI-enhanced education by addressing critical gaps in personalized content delivery and pedagogical support.Its findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating AI-driven emoji placement systems into educational materials,offering an innovative tool for fostering student engagement and enhancing learning outcomes.The proposed framework establishes a foundation for future advancements in the visual augmentation of educational resources,emphasizing scalability and adaptability for broader applications in e-learning.
文摘The integration of Learning Management Systems(LMSs)into educational settings is becoming increasingly common,especially in the digital field.Understanding the factors influencing the acceptance and effective use of LMS is essential to ensure successful implementation.The Technology Acceptance Model(TAM)has been widely used to check user acceptance of various technologies,including LMS.This study conducted a systematic literature review(SLR)to analyze existing research on the application of TAM in the context of LMS.A comprehensive search of the academic database was conducted to identify relevant studies published in 2010-2025.The review synthesizes findings related to the core constructs of TAM—Perceived Usability,Perceived Ease of Use,Behavioral Intent,and Actual Use—as well as extended factors such as system quality,self-efficacy,and social influence.The results reveal circumstantial evidence supporting the predictive power of TAM in LMS adoption,while also highlighting emerging trends and gaps in the literature.This review contributes to a deeper understanding of user acceptance in a digital learning environment and provides recommendations for future research and practical LMS implementation strategies.
基金Acknowledgements： This work had the financial support of the Portuguese National Science Foundation （FCT） through the Research Unit, UI 4005, Project Reference PEst-OE/EME/UI4005/2011.
文摘Nowadays, there exist various standards for individual management systems （MSs）, at least, one for each stakeholder. New ones will be published. An integrated management system （IMS） aims to integrate some or all components of the business into one coherent and efficient MS. Maximizing integration is more and more a strategic priority in that it constitutes an opportunity to eliminate and/or reduce potential factors of destruction of value for the organizations and also to be more competitive and consequently promote its sustainable success. A preliminary investigation was conducted on a Portuguese industrial company which, over the years, has been adopting gradually, in whole or in part, individualized management system standards （MSSs）. A research, through a questionnaire, was performed with the objective to develop, in a real business environment, an adequate and efficient IMS-QES （quality, environment, and safety） model and to potentiate for the future a generic IMS model to integrate other MSSs. The strategy and research methods have taken into consideration the case study. It was obtained a set of relevant conclusions resulting from the statistical analyses of the responses to the survey. Globally, the investigation results, by themselves, justified and prioritized the conception of a model of development of the IMS-QES and consequent definition and validation of a structure of an IMS-QES model, to be implemented at the small- and medium-sized enterprise （SME） where the investigation was conducted.
文摘Aim To research and develop a battery management system(BMS)with the state of charge(SOC)indicator for electric vehicles (EVs).Methods On the basis of analyzing the electro-chemical characteristics of lead-acid. battery, the state of charge indicator for lead-acid battery was developed by means of an algorithm based on combination of ampere-hour, Peukert's equation and open-voltage method with the compensation of temperature,aging,self- discharging,etc..Results The BMS based on this method can attain an accurate surplus capa- city whose error is less than 5% in static experiments.It is proved by experiments that the BMS is reliable and can give the driver an accurate surplus capacity,precisely monitor the individual battery modules as the same time,even detect and warn the problems early,and so on. Conclusion A BMS can make the energy of the storage batteries used efficiently, develop the batteries cycle life,and increase the driving distance of EVs.
基金The US National Science Foundation(No.CM M I-0408390,CM M I-0644552)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1134206,51250110075,51150110478)+1 种基金the Western Project of M inistry of Communications of China(No.0901005C)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK200910046)
文摘In order to solve the urgent problem of how to manage and sustain highway tunnels with advanced information technology with the background of the rapid development in the modem traffic, and achieve the cost- effectiveness optimal principle objectives under the premise of guaranteeing a smooth flow of traffic; a highway tunnel maintenance and management system framework and the key modules were proposed. First, the determined highway tunnel condition assessment index system was established according to the result of expert consulting forms. Secondly, the tunnel diseases, the corresponding maintenance measurements, and many-to-many relationship between diseases and maintenance measurements were introduced. Then, three kinds of 0-1 integer programming models were built according to different tunnel operators＇ needs in the optimization decision module. Finally, the further development and implementation of the system was prospected. The research results can provide references to tunnel researchers and managers.
基金The Key Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2007C21021)
文摘This paper proposes a new battery management system （BMS） based on a master-slave control mode for multi-cell li-ion battery packs. The proposed BMS can be applied in li-ion battery packs with any cell number. The whole system is composed of a master processor and a string of slave manager cells （SMCs）. Each battery cell corresponds to an SMC. Unlike the conventional BMS, the proposed one has a novel method for communication, and it collects the battery status information in a direct and simple way. An SMC communicates with its adjacent counterparts to transfer the battery information as well as the commands from the master processor. The nethermost SMC communicates with the master processor directly. This method allows the battery management chips to be implemented in a standard CMOS （ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process. A testing chip is fabricated in the CSMC 0.5 μm 5 V N-well CMOS process. The testing results verify that the proposed method for data communication and the battery management system can protect and manage multi-cell li-ion battery packs.
文摘This paper comprehensively analyzes the evolution of traffic light systems in Shanghai,highlighting the technological advancements and their impact on traffic management and safety.Starting from the historical context of the first traffic light in London in 1868 to the modern automated systems,the study explores the complexity and adaptability of traffic lights in Shanghai.Through field surveys and interviews with traffic engineers,the paper debunks common misconceptions about traffic light operation,revealing a sophisticated network that responds to real-time traffic dynamics using software like the Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System(SCATS)6.The study also discusses the importance of pedestrian safety,suggesting future enhancements such as Global Positioning System(GPS)based emergency systems and accommodations for color-blind individuals.The paper further delves into the potential of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V21)technology in revolutionizing traffic light systems,emphasizing their role in improving traffic flow and safety.The findings underscore Shanghai’s progressive approach to traffic management,showcasing the city’s commitment to optimizing traffic control solutions for the benefit of both vehicles and pedestrians.
文摘With the gradual acceleration of information construction in colleges and universities,digital campus and smart campus have gradually become important means for colleges and universities to scientifically manage the campus.They have been applied to teaching,scientific research,student management,and other fields,improving the quality and efficiency of management.This paper mainly studies the intelligent educational administration management system based on data mining technology.Firstly,this paper introduces the application process of data mining technology,and builds an intelligent educational administration management system based on data mining technology.Then,this paper optimizes the application of the Apriori algorithm in educational administration management through transaction compression and frequent sampling.Compared with the traditional Apriori algorithm,the optimized Apriori algorithm in this paper has a shorter execution time under the same minimum support.
基金Urumqi Health Committee Science and Technology Plan Project(202343)。
文摘Relevant documents issued by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Health require hospitals to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency,which will place newer and higher demands on medical equipment management.However,the current process of medical equipment quality control in hospitals faces issues such as weak control awareness,untimely maintenance of faulty equipment,and a lack of informatization management tools.These problems severely restrict the development of medical equipment quality management.To address these issues,this article uses a tertiary hospital in Urumqi as an experimental platform to analyze the deficiencies in the current medical equipment quality control management system of public hospitals.Based on practical needs such as equipment procurement,contract management,and equipment management,the research is conducted from three aspects:system architecture,functional design,and talent training,utilizing an information management system.Suggestions are provided,aiming to make a modest contribution to promoting medical equipment quality control management in China.
文摘In the Engine CAD application system engineering database management system (ECAD-EDBMS) is the kernel. ECAD-EDBMS can manage and process the multimedia such as graphics, data, text, sound, image and video. It provides the integrated environment and more functions for many subsystems of ECAD and engine designers. So it improves the design efficiency.
文摘It is the key to construct the traceability mechanism of quality responsibility for ensuring the quality and safety of animal products. In this study, after defining the concept of traceability system and analyzing its function mechanism, the design ideas of pork quality and safety traceability system based on bar code and Internet were put forward, including network structure, system process, business process and information identifica- tion. Then the relevant management systems were proposed.
