Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. ...Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha^(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)>fertilizer(11.95%)>hybrids(8.19%)>irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)>plant density(4.84%)>fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.展开更多
Urbanization significantly affects the balance of key elements such as water,heat,and carbon in cities.However,previous studies have not integrated these factors for comprehensive analysis.Here,we proposed a waterheat...Urbanization significantly affects the balance of key elements such as water,heat,and carbon in cities.However,previous studies have not integrated these factors for comprehensive analysis.Here,we proposed a waterheat-carbon(WHC)nexus model to provide a holistic understanding of urbanization's impacts.Furthermore,we employed the model to identify the mechanisms and response thresholds of urbanization through this coupling approach.Our findings reveal three key insights:(1)WHC exhibits a nonlinear,inverted S-shaped response to urbanization.(2)The mechanisms through which urbanization impacts WHC differ significantly across urbanization gradients.Acrossing urbanization gradients,the complexity of impact pathways increases,with direct effects becoming more pronounced and positive impact pathways emerging progressively.(3)We identified priority zones for restoration and protection based on the likelihood of units shifting between lower-risk and higher-risk categories.Our study enhances understanding of the WHC-urbanization nexus and highlights the importance of accounting for threshold effects and environmental interactions when examining the impact between urbanization and WHC.This framework can be adapted to other urban areas experiencing similar challenges.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601247)for their financial support。
文摘Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha^(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)>fertilizer(11.95%)>hybrids(8.19%)>irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)>plant density(4.84%)>fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.
基金funded by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration(Grant No.2023132050)National Forestry and Grassland Administration(Grant No.2019132703)+1 种基金National Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42171093,42101250)Fengyun 3 Satellite Ground Application Project(Grants No.FY-2(03)-AS-12.09-ZT,FY-APP-2021.0407)。
文摘Urbanization significantly affects the balance of key elements such as water,heat,and carbon in cities.However,previous studies have not integrated these factors for comprehensive analysis.Here,we proposed a waterheat-carbon(WHC)nexus model to provide a holistic understanding of urbanization's impacts.Furthermore,we employed the model to identify the mechanisms and response thresholds of urbanization through this coupling approach.Our findings reveal three key insights:(1)WHC exhibits a nonlinear,inverted S-shaped response to urbanization.(2)The mechanisms through which urbanization impacts WHC differ significantly across urbanization gradients.Acrossing urbanization gradients,the complexity of impact pathways increases,with direct effects becoming more pronounced and positive impact pathways emerging progressively.(3)We identified priority zones for restoration and protection based on the likelihood of units shifting between lower-risk and higher-risk categories.Our study enhances understanding of the WHC-urbanization nexus and highlights the importance of accounting for threshold effects and environmental interactions when examining the impact between urbanization and WHC.This framework can be adapted to other urban areas experiencing similar challenges.
