Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Severa...Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.展开更多
In telerobotic system for remote welding, human-machine interface is one of the most important factor for enhancing capability and efficiency. This paper presents an architecture design of human-machine interface for ...In telerobotic system for remote welding, human-machine interface is one of the most important factor for enhancing capability and efficiency. This paper presents an architecture design of human-machine interface for welding telerobotic system： welding multi-modal human-machine interface. The human-machine interface integrated several control modes, which are namely shared control, teleteaching, supervisory control and local autonomous control. Space mouse, panoramic vision camera and graphics simulation system are also integrated into the human-machine interface for welding teleoperation. Finally, weld seam tracing and welding experiments of U-shape seam are performed by these control modes respectively. The results show that the system has better performance of human-machine interaction and complexity environment welding.展开更多
Transferring the contralateral C7 nerve root to the median or radial nerve has become an important means of repairing brachial plexus nerve injury.However,outcomes have been disappointing.Electroencephalography(EEG)-b...Transferring the contralateral C7 nerve root to the median or radial nerve has become an important means of repairing brachial plexus nerve injury.However,outcomes have been disappointing.Electroencephalography(EEG)-based human-machine interfaces have achieved promising results in promoting neurological recovery by controlling a distal exoskeleton to perform functional limb exercises early after nerve injury,which maintains target muscle activity and promotes the neurological rehabilitation effect.This review summarizes the progress of research in EEG-based human-machine interface combined with contralateral C7 transfer repair of brachial plexus nerve injury.Nerve transfer may result in loss of nerve function in the donor area,so only nerves with minimal impact on the donor area,such as the C7 nerve,should be selected as the donor.Single tendon transfer does not fully restore optimal joint function,so multiple functions often need to be reestablished simultaneously.Compared with traditional manual rehabilitation,EEG-based human-machine interfaces have the potential to maximize patient initiative and promote nerve regeneration and cortical remodeling,which facilitates neurological recovery.In the early stages of brachial plexus injury treatment,the use of an EEG-based human-machine interface combined with contralateral C7 transfer can facilitate postoperative neurological recovery by making full use of the brain’s computational capabilities and actively controlling functional exercise with the aid of external machinery.It can also prevent disuse atrophy of muscles and target organs and maintain neuromuscular junction effectiveness.Promoting cortical remodeling is also particularly important for neurological recovery after contralateral C7 transfer.Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanism by which early movement delays neuromuscular junction damage and promotes cortical remodeling.Understanding this mechanism should help guide the development of neurological rehabilitation strategies for patients with brachial plexus injury.展开更多
Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging communication means and creates extensive opportunities in interacting scenarios such as remote collaboration and metaverse.Human-machine interfaces(HMIs)play important roles in VR as...Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging communication means and creates extensive opportunities in interacting scenarios such as remote collaboration and metaverse.Human-machine interfaces(HMIs)play important roles in VR as they provide interaction platforms between users and virtual environments.However,traditional VR HMIs based on handheld devices or keyboards cannot recognize diverse three-dimensional(3D)gestures,which results in limited freedom of VR interactions.Here,we report a noncontact VR HMI enabled by an electret-nanofiber-based triboelectric sensor(ETS),which is fabricated by the electrospun polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane(PLA/TPU)electret nanofiber film.The nanofiber structure of PLA/TPU electret enhanced the charge retention ability of triboelectric sensor and thus significantly improved its signal strength and stability.Integrated with a deep learning-based multilayer perceptron neural network,the ETS realizes the recognition of 18 different types of 3D gestures with a high average accuracy of 97.3%.An intelligent noncontact VR interactive system based on the ETS is further developed,which is used to manipulate game characters for performing different actions by 3D gestures.Compared with traditional VR HMIs,the proposed VR HMI based on PLA/TPU electret nanofiber film can detect various 3D gestures and offers a superior interaction freedom.This work for the first time introduces the triboelectric 3D gesture recognition method to the VR HMIs,and could make the interaction between human and virtual environments become more efficient and fascinating.展开更多
Human-machine interfaces(HMI)are of paramount importance as they serve as essential conduits between humans and the digital realm.However,contemporary designs suffer from the following issues:large number of electrode...Human-machine interfaces(HMI)are of paramount importance as they serve as essential conduits between humans and the digital realm.However,contemporary designs suffer from the following issues:large number of electrodes,complex wiring,redundant data,and high power consumption.This work proposes a body-coupled minimalist human-machine interface for multifunctional touch detection(BM-HMI).The configuration of gradient resistive elements in the S-shape,in conjunction with a detection strategy founded upon the ratio of relative signal amplitudes,facilitates the effective detection of signals across a range of touch and sliding operations utilizing a mere two sensing electrodes.The experimental results demonstrate that the BM-HMI requires no battery,has remarkable stability(over 400,000 cycles),structural simplicity,rapid response time(approximately 5 ms),ultra-low detection threshold(below 0.04 N),robustness,and high scalability.This work presents a novel concept,demonstrating considerable potential for application in smart wearable devices,mixed reality systems,and ubiquitous sensing terminals.展开更多
Ionic hydrogel-based sensors have shined a spotlight on wearable electronics.However,the sensitivity and reliability of hydrogel devices are significantly hampered by the weak adhesion of skin-sensor interface as well...Ionic hydrogel-based sensors have shined a spotlight on wearable electronics.However,the sensitivity and reliability of hydrogel devices are significantly hampered by the weak adhesion of skin-sensor interface as well as inferior temperature tolerance.Here,inspired by the structure and composition of dermis,a novel skin-attachable and environment-stable hydrogel was designed by integrating collagen into the LiCl-containing chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide hydrogel.The hydrogel exhibited skin-like mechanical properties of low modulus,superior stretchability as well as excellent elasticity.Furthermore,the introduction of collagen endowed the hydrogel with robust and seamless interfaces with diverse materials,including the curved skin.As a result,the hydrogel is capable of serving as a human-machine interface for collecting reliable electrocardiography(ECG)signals and discerning various human motions,with high sensitivity(gauge factor=10.7),fast response,negligible hysteresis as well as extensive monitoring range.Notably,the hydrogel that can mimick the temperature-tolerant mechanism of most organisms possesses persistent stabilization of adhesive,conductive,sensory and mechanical performances at subzero or ambient conditions.The skin-inspired strategy paves an effective way for the design of multifunctional materials with potential applications in next-generation electronics.展开更多
Current stretchable surface electrodes have attracted increasing attention owing to their potential applications in biological signal monitoring, wearable human-machine interfaces（HMIs） and the Internet of Things. T...Current stretchable surface electrodes have attracted increasing attention owing to their potential applications in biological signal monitoring, wearable human-machine interfaces（HMIs） and the Internet of Things. The paper proposed a stretchable HMI based on a surface electromyography（sEMG） electrode with a self-similar serpentine configuration. The sEMG electrode was transfer-printed onto the skin surface conformally to monitor biological signals, followed by signal classification and controlling of a mobile robot. Such electrodes can bear rather large deformation（such as 〉30%） under an appropriate areal coverage. The sEMG electrodes have been used to record electrophysiological signals from different parts of the body with sharp curvature, such as the index finger,back of the neck and face, and they exhibit great potential for HMI in the fields of robotics and healthcare. The electrodes placed onto the two wrists would generate two different signals with the fist clenched and loosened. It is classified to four kinds of signals with a combination of the gestures from the two wrists, that is, four control modes. Experiments demonstrated that the electrodes were successfully used as an HMI to control the motion of a mobile robot remotely.展开更多
Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
We never stop finding better ways to communicate with machines.To interact with computers we tried several ways,from punched tape and tape reader to QWERTY keyboards and command lines,from graphic user interface and m...We never stop finding better ways to communicate with machines.To interact with computers we tried several ways,from punched tape and tape reader to QWERTY keyboards and command lines,from graphic user interface and mouse to multi-touch screens.The way we communicate with computers or devices are getting more direct and easier.In this paper,we give gesture mouse simulation in human–computer interface based on 3 Gear Systems using two Kinect sensors.The Kinect sensor is the perfect device to achieve dynamic gesture tracking and pose recognition.We hope the 3 Gear Systems can work as a mouse,to be more specific,use gestures to do click,double click and scroll.We use Coordinate Converting Matrix and Kalman Filter to reduce the shaking caused by errors and makes the interface create a better user experience.Finally the future of human-computer interface is discussed.展开更多
The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerge...The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.展开更多
Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted t...Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti_(2)AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.展开更多
High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by t...High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.展开更多
Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a cruc...Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and t...Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread applica...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.展开更多
Flexible energy storage and harvesting devices,as core components of the flexible electronic system,have driven the transformation of electronic system from“external power supply”to“self-powering”and from“fixed f...Flexible energy storage and harvesting devices,as core components of the flexible electronic system,have driven the transformation of electronic system from“external power supply”to“self-powering”and from“fixed forms”to“adaptive configurations”,thus playing an important role in the advancement of wearable technology,the internet of things,and other related fields.MXenes,a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides,emerge as promising candidates for flexible energy storage and harvesting devices,attributed to their excellent conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and tunable interfacial characteristics.Specifically,the interfacial characteristics of MXenes,including surface energy,surface terminations,and interlayer spacing,have a decisive influence on the performance of MXene-based energy devices.This review summarizes the influence of microcosmic interfacial characteristics on macroscopic properties,the interfacial regulation strategies,and applications in flexible energy storage and harvesting of MXenes,concluding with current challenges and perspectives to guide the design of high-performance MXene-based energy devices.展开更多
Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the i...Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.展开更多
Thermal-mechanical damage and deformation at the interface between shotcrete linings and the surrounding rock of tunnels under high-temperature and variable-temperature conditions are critical to the safe construction...Thermal-mechanical damage and deformation at the interface between shotcrete linings and the surrounding rock of tunnels under high-temperature and variable-temperature conditions are critical to the safe construction and operation of tunnel engineering.This study investigated the thermo-mechanical damage behavior of the composite interface between alkali-resistant glass fiber-reinforced concrete(ARGFRC)and granite,focusing on a plateau railway tunnel.Laboratory triaxial tests,laser scanning,XRD analysis,numerical simulations,and theoretical analyses were employed to investigate how different initial curing temperatures and joint roughness coefficient(JRC)influence interfacial damage behavior.The results indicate that an increase in interface roughness exacerbates the structural damage at the interface.At a JRC of 19.9 and a temperature of 70℃,crack initiation in granite was notably restrained when the confining pressure rose from 7 MPa to 10 MPa.Roughness-induced stress distribution at the interface was notably altered,although this effect became less pronounced under high confining pressure conditions.Additionally,during high-temperature curing,thermal stress concentration at the tips of micro-convex protrusions on the granite surface induced microcracks in the adjacent ARGFRC matrix,followed by deformation.These findings provide practical guidelines for designing concrete support systems to ensure tunnel structural safety in high-altitude regions with harsh thermal environments.展开更多
基金Supported by the‘Automotive Glazing Application in Intelligent Cockpit Human-Machine Interface’project(SKHX2021049)a collaboration between the Saint-Go Bain Research and the Beijing Normal University。
文摘Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.
文摘In telerobotic system for remote welding, human-machine interface is one of the most important factor for enhancing capability and efficiency. This paper presents an architecture design of human-machine interface for welding telerobotic system： welding multi-modal human-machine interface. The human-machine interface integrated several control modes, which are namely shared control, teleteaching, supervisory control and local autonomous control. Space mouse, panoramic vision camera and graphics simulation system are also integrated into the human-machine interface for welding teleoperation. Finally, weld seam tracing and welding experiments of U-shape seam are performed by these control modes respectively. The results show that the system has better performance of human-machine interaction and complexity environment welding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.31771322(to PXZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No.7212121(to PXZ)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project, No.JCYJ20190806162205278(to PXZ)Funds for Severe Trauma Standardized Treatment, No.SZSM202011001(to PXZ)a grant from National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China, No.BMU2020 XY005-01(to PXZ)
文摘Transferring the contralateral C7 nerve root to the median or radial nerve has become an important means of repairing brachial plexus nerve injury.However,outcomes have been disappointing.Electroencephalography(EEG)-based human-machine interfaces have achieved promising results in promoting neurological recovery by controlling a distal exoskeleton to perform functional limb exercises early after nerve injury,which maintains target muscle activity and promotes the neurological rehabilitation effect.This review summarizes the progress of research in EEG-based human-machine interface combined with contralateral C7 transfer repair of brachial plexus nerve injury.Nerve transfer may result in loss of nerve function in the donor area,so only nerves with minimal impact on the donor area,such as the C7 nerve,should be selected as the donor.Single tendon transfer does not fully restore optimal joint function,so multiple functions often need to be reestablished simultaneously.Compared with traditional manual rehabilitation,EEG-based human-machine interfaces have the potential to maximize patient initiative and promote nerve regeneration and cortical remodeling,which facilitates neurological recovery.In the early stages of brachial plexus injury treatment,the use of an EEG-based human-machine interface combined with contralateral C7 transfer can facilitate postoperative neurological recovery by making full use of the brain’s computational capabilities and actively controlling functional exercise with the aid of external machinery.It can also prevent disuse atrophy of muscles and target organs and maintain neuromuscular junction effectiveness.Promoting cortical remodeling is also particularly important for neurological recovery after contralateral C7 transfer.Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanism by which early movement delays neuromuscular junction damage and promotes cortical remodeling.Understanding this mechanism should help guide the development of neurological rehabilitation strategies for patients with brachial plexus injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52303112)the Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development Program Joint Fund Advantageous Discipline Cultivation Project(No.232301420033)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0281 and 2023M733213)the Key R&D and Promotion Special(Scientific Problem Tackling)Project of Henan Province(No.242102231014).
文摘Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging communication means and creates extensive opportunities in interacting scenarios such as remote collaboration and metaverse.Human-machine interfaces(HMIs)play important roles in VR as they provide interaction platforms between users and virtual environments.However,traditional VR HMIs based on handheld devices or keyboards cannot recognize diverse three-dimensional(3D)gestures,which results in limited freedom of VR interactions.Here,we report a noncontact VR HMI enabled by an electret-nanofiber-based triboelectric sensor(ETS),which is fabricated by the electrospun polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane(PLA/TPU)electret nanofiber film.The nanofiber structure of PLA/TPU electret enhanced the charge retention ability of triboelectric sensor and thus significantly improved its signal strength and stability.Integrated with a deep learning-based multilayer perceptron neural network,the ETS realizes the recognition of 18 different types of 3D gestures with a high average accuracy of 97.3%.An intelligent noncontact VR interactive system based on the ETS is further developed,which is used to manipulate game characters for performing different actions by 3D gestures.Compared with traditional VR HMIs,the proposed VR HMI based on PLA/TPU electret nanofiber film can detect various 3D gestures and offers a superior interaction freedom.This work for the first time introduces the triboelectric 3D gesture recognition method to the VR HMIs,and could make the interaction between human and virtual environments become more efficient and fascinating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52505071,No.52475071,No.52475072,No.52305308)the Yanzhao’s Young Scientist Project(2023203258)+5 种基金the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(E2022203002,and E2024203067)the Funded by Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2025183)the Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Planning Project(241790727A)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education,Jilin UniversityGrant Number KF2023003)The Fundamental Innovative Research Development Project of Yanshan University(2024LGQN008).
文摘Human-machine interfaces(HMI)are of paramount importance as they serve as essential conduits between humans and the digital realm.However,contemporary designs suffer from the following issues:large number of electrodes,complex wiring,redundant data,and high power consumption.This work proposes a body-coupled minimalist human-machine interface for multifunctional touch detection(BM-HMI).The configuration of gradient resistive elements in the S-shape,in conjunction with a detection strategy founded upon the ratio of relative signal amplitudes,facilitates the effective detection of signals across a range of touch and sliding operations utilizing a mere two sensing electrodes.The experimental results demonstrate that the BM-HMI requires no battery,has remarkable stability(over 400,000 cycles),structural simplicity,rapid response time(approximately 5 ms),ultra-low detection threshold(below 0.04 N),robustness,and high scalability.This work presents a novel concept,demonstrating considerable potential for application in smart wearable devices,mixed reality systems,and ubiquitous sensing terminals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51873024)the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province (20200708102YY and 20190201234JC)
文摘Ionic hydrogel-based sensors have shined a spotlight on wearable electronics.However,the sensitivity and reliability of hydrogel devices are significantly hampered by the weak adhesion of skin-sensor interface as well as inferior temperature tolerance.Here,inspired by the structure and composition of dermis,a novel skin-attachable and environment-stable hydrogel was designed by integrating collagen into the LiCl-containing chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide hydrogel.The hydrogel exhibited skin-like mechanical properties of low modulus,superior stretchability as well as excellent elasticity.Furthermore,the introduction of collagen endowed the hydrogel with robust and seamless interfaces with diverse materials,including the curved skin.As a result,the hydrogel is capable of serving as a human-machine interface for collecting reliable electrocardiography(ECG)signals and discerning various human motions,with high sensitivity(gauge factor=10.7),fast response,negligible hysteresis as well as extensive monitoring range.Notably,the hydrogel that can mimick the temperature-tolerant mechanism of most organisms possesses persistent stabilization of adhesive,conductive,sensory and mechanical performances at subzero or ambient conditions.The skin-inspired strategy paves an effective way for the design of multifunctional materials with potential applications in next-generation electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51635007,91323303)
文摘Current stretchable surface electrodes have attracted increasing attention owing to their potential applications in biological signal monitoring, wearable human-machine interfaces（HMIs） and the Internet of Things. The paper proposed a stretchable HMI based on a surface electromyography（sEMG） electrode with a self-similar serpentine configuration. The sEMG electrode was transfer-printed onto the skin surface conformally to monitor biological signals, followed by signal classification and controlling of a mobile robot. Such electrodes can bear rather large deformation（such as 〉30%） under an appropriate areal coverage. The sEMG electrodes have been used to record electrophysiological signals from different parts of the body with sharp curvature, such as the index finger,back of the neck and face, and they exhibit great potential for HMI in the fields of robotics and healthcare. The electrodes placed onto the two wrists would generate two different signals with the fist clenched and loosened. It is classified to four kinds of signals with a combination of the gestures from the two wrists, that is, four control modes. Experiments demonstrated that the electrodes were successfully used as an HMI to control the motion of a mobile robot remotely.
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(KM201411232007)BISTU Teaching Reform Projects(2014KG22)+2 种基金IHLB(PHR201108258,PHR201106226)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4142017)NSFC(Grant No.61261160497)。
文摘We never stop finding better ways to communicate with machines.To interact with computers we tried several ways,from punched tape and tape reader to QWERTY keyboards and command lines,from graphic user interface and mouse to multi-touch screens.The way we communicate with computers or devices are getting more direct and easier.In this paper,we give gesture mouse simulation in human–computer interface based on 3 Gear Systems using two Kinect sensors.The Kinect sensor is the perfect device to achieve dynamic gesture tracking and pose recognition.We hope the 3 Gear Systems can work as a mouse,to be more specific,use gestures to do click,double click and scroll.We use Coordinate Converting Matrix and Kalman Filter to reduce the shaking caused by errors and makes the interface create a better user experience.Finally the future of human-computer interface is discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52100076)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2023MS064)。
文摘The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371031 and 52574435)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(No.20250102103JC)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Program of Changchun City,China(No.23JQ03)Changbaishan Laboratory,China(No.CBS2025004-03)the Undergraduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,China(No.S202410183310).
文摘Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti_(2)AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52474397)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.242017127)+1 种基金the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-2021-04C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.
文摘Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202316)the support of the China Experience Fund and the Stephen Slavens Faculty Scholar Endowment Fund from Oregon State University。
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52372188)Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Nos.242300421625,252300421333)+4 种基金CAS Henan Industrial Technology Innovation & Incubation Center (No.2024121)Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province (Nos.22A150042,23A150038,and 24A150019)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent programthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019 M652546)Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (No.252102240007)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52422205,52403154)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3811303)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2026NSFSCZY0103,2026NSFSC1406)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230383)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770159)。
文摘Flexible energy storage and harvesting devices,as core components of the flexible electronic system,have driven the transformation of electronic system from“external power supply”to“self-powering”and from“fixed forms”to“adaptive configurations”,thus playing an important role in the advancement of wearable technology,the internet of things,and other related fields.MXenes,a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides,emerge as promising candidates for flexible energy storage and harvesting devices,attributed to their excellent conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and tunable interfacial characteristics.Specifically,the interfacial characteristics of MXenes,including surface energy,surface terminations,and interlayer spacing,have a decisive influence on the performance of MXene-based energy devices.This review summarizes the influence of microcosmic interfacial characteristics on macroscopic properties,the interfacial regulation strategies,and applications in flexible energy storage and harvesting of MXenes,concluding with current challenges and perspectives to guide the design of high-performance MXene-based energy devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304111,62304110,22579136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0201800)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761492)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(Nos.GDX2022010009,GZR2023010046)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223053)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu(Science and Technology Cooperation Project of HongKong,Macao and Taiwan,No.BZ2023059)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.22jSY015)Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(No.959202313020)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems(No.2023B1212010003).
文摘Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52209130 and 52379100)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2024ME112).
文摘Thermal-mechanical damage and deformation at the interface between shotcrete linings and the surrounding rock of tunnels under high-temperature and variable-temperature conditions are critical to the safe construction and operation of tunnel engineering.This study investigated the thermo-mechanical damage behavior of the composite interface between alkali-resistant glass fiber-reinforced concrete(ARGFRC)and granite,focusing on a plateau railway tunnel.Laboratory triaxial tests,laser scanning,XRD analysis,numerical simulations,and theoretical analyses were employed to investigate how different initial curing temperatures and joint roughness coefficient(JRC)influence interfacial damage behavior.The results indicate that an increase in interface roughness exacerbates the structural damage at the interface.At a JRC of 19.9 and a temperature of 70℃,crack initiation in granite was notably restrained when the confining pressure rose from 7 MPa to 10 MPa.Roughness-induced stress distribution at the interface was notably altered,although this effect became less pronounced under high confining pressure conditions.Additionally,during high-temperature curing,thermal stress concentration at the tips of micro-convex protrusions on the granite surface induced microcracks in the adjacent ARGFRC matrix,followed by deformation.These findings provide practical guidelines for designing concrete support systems to ensure tunnel structural safety in high-altitude regions with harsh thermal environments.
