[ Objective] The paper was to study ISSR molecular makers of resistant gene against Sclerotinia trifoliorum in Medicago sativa L. [ Method] Using mi- crosatellite markers （ISSR） molecular maker technology, combined ...[ Objective] The paper was to study ISSR molecular makers of resistant gene against Sclerotinia trifoliorum in Medicago sativa L. [ Method] Using mi- crosatellite markers （ISSR） molecular maker technology, combined with bulked-segregant analysis （BSA） method, the molecular makers for gene linkage with re- sistance against S. trifoliorum were screened from five resistant plants and seven susceptible plants. Leaf in vitro inoculation method was used to carry out resistant verification on 94 hybrid plants in Ft generation of high resistant No. 83 ~ high susceptible No. 4. [ Result] Among 93 ISSR primers, 35 primers could produce clear and stable amplification bands, and six of them could produce 9 specific bands between resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Resistance verification result showed that 825 - 1400, 831 - 1480, 850 - 1800, 858 - 1600, 866 - 1900, 888 - 1400 could be used as ISSR molecular makers of the resistant gene against S. trifoliorum in M. sativa. [Conclusion] The results provided basis for the further research on mapping,, cloning and genetically modified of resistant gene against S. trifoliorum in M. sativa.展开更多
This paper presents a study of water vending in 3 informal settlements of Yola North in Adamawa State of Nigeria. These settlements represent the fast growing urban areas often dwelling in unplanned and unsecured tenu...This paper presents a study of water vending in 3 informal settlements of Yola North in Adamawa State of Nigeria. These settlements represent the fast growing urban areas often dwelling in unplanned and unsecured tenure. Access to safe water supply has great influence on the health, economic productivity and quality of life of the people. But meeting this need is one of the major challenges facing the urban communities of Nigeria today. A field survey was conducted in the area with 100 observations of households in each of the three informal settlements. These settlements are Sabongari -University village, Vinikilang and Wuro Jabbe. The survey solicited for response concerning household water source, water per capita use and household size. Findings revealed that about 92% of respondent in Sabongari-University village, 66% in Vinikilang and 87% in Wuro Jabbe depend on vended water from borehole, hand dug well as well as surface water sources which are delivered by hand pushed trucks. Owing to the absence of piped water networks in the study area, households are forced to rely on available water sources which are precursor to water borne diseases. It is advocated that the public agencies should evolve special programs for regularizing informal settlements, meaning the legalization of land tenure, layout corrections and service upgrading if service is to meet the poor informal dwellers.展开更多
More and more professional women are trying their hands at entrepreneurial ventures to fulfill their creative urges. ChinAfrica reporter Sudeshna Sarkar spoke to two of them based in Nigeria and China to find out what...More and more professional women are trying their hands at entrepreneurial ventures to fulfill their creative urges. ChinAfrica reporter Sudeshna Sarkar spoke to two of them based in Nigeria and China to find out what drives their passion.展开更多
Recent advancements in decentralized finance(DeFi)have resulted in a rapid increase in the use of Automated Market Makers(AMMs)for creating decentralized exchanges(DEXs).In this paper,we organize these developments by...Recent advancements in decentralized finance(DeFi)have resulted in a rapid increase in the use of Automated Market Makers(AMMs)for creating decentralized exchanges(DEXs).In this paper,we organize these developments by treating an AMM as a neoclassical black-box characterized by the conversion of inputs(tokens)to outputs(prices).The conversion is governed by the technology of the AMM summarized by an‘exchange function’.Various types of AMMs are examined,including:Constant Product Market Makers;Constant Mean Market Makers;Constant Sum Market Makers;Hybrid Function Market Makers;and,Dynamic Automated Market Makers.The paper also looks at the impact of introducing concentrated liquidity in an AMM.Overall,the framework presented here provides an intuitive geometric representation of how an AMM operates,and a clear delineation of the similarities and differences across the various types of AMMs.展开更多
The spectral analysis of simulated N-team of interacting decision makers with bounded rationality constraints of Oladejo, which assumes triangular probability density function of command inputs is hereby restructured ...The spectral analysis of simulated N-team of interacting decision makers with bounded rationality constraints of Oladejo, which assumes triangular probability density function of command inputs is hereby restructured and analysed, to have hierarchical command inputs that are predicated on order statistics distributions. The results give optimal distributions.展开更多
The study of power distribution is the core of the study of group decision making processes.It is evident that the ability to diagnose power distributions in group decision making is important. In this paper, we cl...The study of power distribution is the core of the study of group decision making processes.It is evident that the ability to diagnose power distributions in group decision making is important. In this paper, we clarify two major power indices the Shapley Shubik index and the Banzhaf index; the concepts of power in organization and in group decision making are discussed. Based on the concept of the entropy of information as supplied and defined by Shannon, an index of power is proposed which measures the distribution of power among decision makers (in this paper). By using this index, moreover, we can examine how decision maker can increase its power.展开更多
At the first gathering of its kind on the role of science in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,over 750 scientists,policymakers,business people,and practitioners met in Geneva fr...At the first gathering of its kind on the role of science in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,over 750 scientists,policymakers,business people,and practitioners met in Geneva from January 27–29,2016.The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 fea-展开更多
The final solution set given by almost all existing preference-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MOEAs)lies a certain distance away from the decision makers’preference information region.Therefore,we prop...The final solution set given by almost all existing preference-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MOEAs)lies a certain distance away from the decision makers’preference information region.Therefore,we propose a multi-ob jective optimization algorithm,referred to as the double-grid interactive preference based MOEA(DIPMOEA),which explicitly takes the preferences of decision makers(DMs)into account.First,according to the optimization ob jective of the practical multi-ob jective optimization problems and the preferences of DMs,the membership functions are mapped to generate a decision preference grid and a preference error grid.Then,we put forward two dominant modes of population,preference degree dominance and preference error dominance,and use this advantageous scheme to update the population in these two grids.Finally,the populations in these two grids are combined with the DMs’preference interaction information,and the preference multi-ob jective optimization interaction is performed.To verify the performance of DIP-MOEA,we test it on two kinds of problems,i.e.,the basic DTLZ series functions and the multi-ob jective knapsack problems,and compare it with several different popular preference-based MOEAs.Experimental results show that DIP-MOEA expresses the preference information of DMs well and provides a solution set that meets the preferences of DMs,quickly provides the test results,and has better performance in the distribution of the Pareto front solution set.展开更多
Royal Selangor International, well known for its pewter ware, held the grand launching ceremony for its new store in the China World Shopping Mall on February 26 as part of its store expansion plan.
More than 20 years have passed since 1984 when Beiqi and AMC (became part of Chrysler in 1987) established China's first joint venture in the auto industry to produce the Jeep. The history can be divided into two ...More than 20 years have passed since 1984 when Beiqi and AMC (became part of Chrysler in 1987) established China's first joint venture in the auto industry to produce the Jeep. The history can be divided into two phases. The 1980 witnessed a lot of technology being introduced from abroad and since the late 1990's the joint ventures have been engaged in "market for technology". The mass joint ventures have improved the entire auto industry through introducing funds, technology and management, and given im...展开更多
This paper presents an online integral reinforcement learning(RL)solution for problems with hierarchy decision makers.Specifically,we reformulate this model as a leaderfollower game,in which control input and determin...This paper presents an online integral reinforcement learning(RL)solution for problems with hierarchy decision makers.Specifically,we reformulate this model as a leaderfollower game,in which control input and deterministic disturbance act as decision makers at different levels of hierarchy:The control input plays the role of the leader,while the disturbance plays the role of the follower.The main contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows.First,we introduce online RL to deal with systems that have partially unknown information,meaning that accurate dynamic information is not required.Second,we solve the leader-follower coupled Hamilton-Jacobi(HJ)and Riccati equations approximately online using the derived algorithm.Third,we provide turning laws for cost functions and controllers,which ensure closed-loop stability simultaneously.展开更多
On November 19, 1999, a seminar on developing mini vehicle market was held in Beijing, with almost all major Chinese mini vehi-cle makers participating in. They are Chana Automobile (Group) Li-ability Corp., Ltd., Cha...On November 19, 1999, a seminar on developing mini vehicle market was held in Beijing, with almost all major Chinese mini vehi-cle makers participating in. They are Chana Automobile (Group) Li-ability Corp., Ltd., Changhe Air-craft Industries (Group), Ltd., Harbin Dong’An Engine Manufac-turing Company, Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corp. and Liuzhou Wuling Auto Co., Ltd.. The boss-es of the five enterprises展开更多
1.Japan-based makers have presented most increasingly models and brands German-based car makers continued dominating the market until 2003 and the market shares of two
基金Support by Research and Demonstration of Seed Breeding Technology of South Alfalfa(2009AB1183)Development of Fine Germplasm Resources of Pasture and New Variety Breeding(2009AA1008)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study ISSR molecular makers of resistant gene against Sclerotinia trifoliorum in Medicago sativa L. [ Method] Using mi- crosatellite markers （ISSR） molecular maker technology, combined with bulked-segregant analysis （BSA） method, the molecular makers for gene linkage with re- sistance against S. trifoliorum were screened from five resistant plants and seven susceptible plants. Leaf in vitro inoculation method was used to carry out resistant verification on 94 hybrid plants in Ft generation of high resistant No. 83 ~ high susceptible No. 4. [ Result] Among 93 ISSR primers, 35 primers could produce clear and stable amplification bands, and six of them could produce 9 specific bands between resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Resistance verification result showed that 825 - 1400, 831 - 1480, 850 - 1800, 858 - 1600, 866 - 1900, 888 - 1400 could be used as ISSR molecular makers of the resistant gene against S. trifoliorum in M. sativa. [Conclusion] The results provided basis for the further research on mapping,, cloning and genetically modified of resistant gene against S. trifoliorum in M. sativa.
文摘This paper presents a study of water vending in 3 informal settlements of Yola North in Adamawa State of Nigeria. These settlements represent the fast growing urban areas often dwelling in unplanned and unsecured tenure. Access to safe water supply has great influence on the health, economic productivity and quality of life of the people. But meeting this need is one of the major challenges facing the urban communities of Nigeria today. A field survey was conducted in the area with 100 observations of households in each of the three informal settlements. These settlements are Sabongari -University village, Vinikilang and Wuro Jabbe. The survey solicited for response concerning household water source, water per capita use and household size. Findings revealed that about 92% of respondent in Sabongari-University village, 66% in Vinikilang and 87% in Wuro Jabbe depend on vended water from borehole, hand dug well as well as surface water sources which are delivered by hand pushed trucks. Owing to the absence of piped water networks in the study area, households are forced to rely on available water sources which are precursor to water borne diseases. It is advocated that the public agencies should evolve special programs for regularizing informal settlements, meaning the legalization of land tenure, layout corrections and service upgrading if service is to meet the poor informal dwellers.
文摘More and more professional women are trying their hands at entrepreneurial ventures to fulfill their creative urges. ChinAfrica reporter Sudeshna Sarkar spoke to two of them based in Nigeria and China to find out what drives their passion.
文摘Recent advancements in decentralized finance(DeFi)have resulted in a rapid increase in the use of Automated Market Makers(AMMs)for creating decentralized exchanges(DEXs).In this paper,we organize these developments by treating an AMM as a neoclassical black-box characterized by the conversion of inputs(tokens)to outputs(prices).The conversion is governed by the technology of the AMM summarized by an‘exchange function’.Various types of AMMs are examined,including:Constant Product Market Makers;Constant Mean Market Makers;Constant Sum Market Makers;Hybrid Function Market Makers;and,Dynamic Automated Market Makers.The paper also looks at the impact of introducing concentrated liquidity in an AMM.Overall,the framework presented here provides an intuitive geometric representation of how an AMM operates,and a clear delineation of the similarities and differences across the various types of AMMs.
文摘The spectral analysis of simulated N-team of interacting decision makers with bounded rationality constraints of Oladejo, which assumes triangular probability density function of command inputs is hereby restructured and analysed, to have hierarchical command inputs that are predicated on order statistics distributions. The results give optimal distributions.
文摘The study of power distribution is the core of the study of group decision making processes.It is evident that the ability to diagnose power distributions in group decision making is important. In this paper, we clarify two major power indices the Shapley Shubik index and the Banzhaf index; the concepts of power in organization and in group decision making are discussed. Based on the concept of the entropy of information as supplied and defined by Shannon, an index of power is proposed which measures the distribution of power among decision makers (in this paper). By using this index, moreover, we can examine how decision maker can increase its power.
文摘At the first gathering of its kind on the role of science in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,over 750 scientists,policymakers,business people,and practitioners met in Geneva from January 27–29,2016.The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 fea-
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72101266)the Military Postgraduate Funding Project+2 种基金China(No.JY2021B042)the Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation ProjectChina(No.CX20200029)。
文摘The final solution set given by almost all existing preference-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MOEAs)lies a certain distance away from the decision makers’preference information region.Therefore,we propose a multi-ob jective optimization algorithm,referred to as the double-grid interactive preference based MOEA(DIPMOEA),which explicitly takes the preferences of decision makers(DMs)into account.First,according to the optimization ob jective of the practical multi-ob jective optimization problems and the preferences of DMs,the membership functions are mapped to generate a decision preference grid and a preference error grid.Then,we put forward two dominant modes of population,preference degree dominance and preference error dominance,and use this advantageous scheme to update the population in these two grids.Finally,the populations in these two grids are combined with the DMs’preference interaction information,and the preference multi-ob jective optimization interaction is performed.To verify the performance of DIP-MOEA,we test it on two kinds of problems,i.e.,the basic DTLZ series functions and the multi-ob jective knapsack problems,and compare it with several different popular preference-based MOEAs.Experimental results show that DIP-MOEA expresses the preference information of DMs well and provides a solution set that meets the preferences of DMs,quickly provides the test results,and has better performance in the distribution of the Pareto front solution set.
文摘Royal Selangor International, well known for its pewter ware, held the grand launching ceremony for its new store in the China World Shopping Mall on February 26 as part of its store expansion plan.
文摘More than 20 years have passed since 1984 when Beiqi and AMC (became part of Chrysler in 1987) established China's first joint venture in the auto industry to produce the Jeep. The history can be divided into two phases. The 1980 witnessed a lot of technology being introduced from abroad and since the late 1990's the joint ventures have been engaged in "market for technology". The mass joint ventures have improved the entire auto industry through introducing funds, technology and management, and given im...
基金supported by the Support Plan on Science and Technology for Youth Innovation of Universities in Shandong Province(No.2021KJ086)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62003234 and 61873179)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QF048).
文摘This paper presents an online integral reinforcement learning(RL)solution for problems with hierarchy decision makers.Specifically,we reformulate this model as a leaderfollower game,in which control input and deterministic disturbance act as decision makers at different levels of hierarchy:The control input plays the role of the leader,while the disturbance plays the role of the follower.The main contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows.First,we introduce online RL to deal with systems that have partially unknown information,meaning that accurate dynamic information is not required.Second,we solve the leader-follower coupled Hamilton-Jacobi(HJ)and Riccati equations approximately online using the derived algorithm.Third,we provide turning laws for cost functions and controllers,which ensure closed-loop stability simultaneously.
文摘On November 19, 1999, a seminar on developing mini vehicle market was held in Beijing, with almost all major Chinese mini vehi-cle makers participating in. They are Chana Automobile (Group) Li-ability Corp., Ltd., Changhe Air-craft Industries (Group), Ltd., Harbin Dong’An Engine Manufac-turing Company, Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corp. and Liuzhou Wuling Auto Co., Ltd.. The boss-es of the five enterprises
文摘1.Japan-based makers have presented most increasingly models and brands German-based car makers continued dominating the market until 2003 and the market shares of two
