Waxy maize with its pure amylopectin starch is the staple food of many ethnic minorities in hilly regions of Southeast Asia （SEA）. A combination of waxy and quality protein maize （QPM） traits would improve the qua...Waxy maize with its pure amylopectin starch is the staple food of many ethnic minorities in hilly regions of Southeast Asia （SEA）. A combination of waxy and quality protein maize （QPM） traits would improve the quality of protein of waxy maize for human consumption. Double recessive waxy-QPM （wx-o2） genotypes had been generated from Southern Chinese material by haploid induction of crosses heterozygous for the two quality traits with an absolutely conserved waxy type and an improved amino acid profile. The vitreous kernel trait （due to the additional modifier genes present in QPM） was lost in the wx-o2 plant material; this may be due to the waxy mutation, this is anyhow desirable for acceptance as waxy maize is preferred due to its soft grains. The content of the quality limiting amino acid lysine was greatly increased in double recessive wx-o2 genotypes compared to standard waxy maize, but still with a high variation among genotypes for future improvement. Conclusively, it was indeed possible to combine two grain quality mutations successfully within one genotype and prototypes of double quality wx-o2 are available now to contribute to meet human requirements in essential amino acids and thus reduce malnutrition in various regions of Asia.展开更多
Maize research at Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria resulted in sustained growth in yields in the last two decades. Maize is grown throughout the country with guinea savanna as the most important ma...Maize research at Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria resulted in sustained growth in yields in the last two decades. Maize is grown throughout the country with guinea savanna as the most important maize growing zone. In the last five years, four new open pollinating varieties developed in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture （IITA, Ibadan） had been released for production. Hybrid varieties are also marketed by seed companies. The research was focused on variety improvement, improved management practices, integrated pests and disease control, soil fertility management, on-farm testing of improved production packages and socio-economics of production as well as adoption studies. The recently released quality protein maize has improved the nutritional status of vulnerable groups. Drought tolerant maize for Africa research project has contributed to sustainable maize production, poverty reduction and food security in the continent.展开更多
Maize is an essential source of nutrition for humans and animals and is rich in various metabolites that determine its quality.Different maize varieties show significant differences in metabolite content.Two kinds of ...Maize is an essential source of nutrition for humans and animals and is rich in various metabolites that determine its quality.Different maize varieties show significant differences in metabolite content.Two kinds of waxy maize parental materials,S181 and 49B,created by the Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,are widely grown in China.S181 shows higher starch and sugar contents than 49B.This study generated metabolic profiles to assess the differences between the two varieties.A total of 674 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed between the two varieties were identified by gas chromatography and untargeted metabolomics technology.These metabolites were associated with 21 categories,including antioxidant metabolites.Moreover,6415 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by RNA-seq.Interestingly,these DEGs comprised starch and sugar synthesis pathway genes and 72 different transcription factor families.Among these,six families that were reported to play an essential role in plant antioxidant action accounted for 39.2%of the transcription factor families.Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)classification,the DEGs were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis,glycolysis/glucose metabolism,and the synthetic and metabolic pathways of antioxidant active substances.Furthermore,the correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics identified five key transcription factors(ZmbHLH172,ZmNAC44,ZmNAC-like18,ZmS1FA2,ZmERF172),one ubiquitin ligase gene(ZmE25A)and one sucrose synthase gene(ZmSS1).They likely contribute to the quality traits of waxy corn through involvement in the metabolic regulatory network of antioxidant substances.Thus,our results provide new insights into maize quality-related antioxidant metabolite networks and have potential applications for waxy corn breeding.展开更多
文摘Waxy maize with its pure amylopectin starch is the staple food of many ethnic minorities in hilly regions of Southeast Asia （SEA）. A combination of waxy and quality protein maize （QPM） traits would improve the quality of protein of waxy maize for human consumption. Double recessive waxy-QPM （wx-o2） genotypes had been generated from Southern Chinese material by haploid induction of crosses heterozygous for the two quality traits with an absolutely conserved waxy type and an improved amino acid profile. The vitreous kernel trait （due to the additional modifier genes present in QPM） was lost in the wx-o2 plant material; this may be due to the waxy mutation, this is anyhow desirable for acceptance as waxy maize is preferred due to its soft grains. The content of the quality limiting amino acid lysine was greatly increased in double recessive wx-o2 genotypes compared to standard waxy maize, but still with a high variation among genotypes for future improvement. Conclusively, it was indeed possible to combine two grain quality mutations successfully within one genotype and prototypes of double quality wx-o2 are available now to contribute to meet human requirements in essential amino acids and thus reduce malnutrition in various regions of Asia.
文摘Maize research at Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria resulted in sustained growth in yields in the last two decades. Maize is grown throughout the country with guinea savanna as the most important maize growing zone. In the last five years, four new open pollinating varieties developed in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture （IITA, Ibadan） had been released for production. Hybrid varieties are also marketed by seed companies. The research was focused on variety improvement, improved management practices, integrated pests and disease control, soil fertility management, on-farm testing of improved production packages and socio-economics of production as well as adoption studies. The recently released quality protein maize has improved the nutritional status of vulnerable groups. Drought tolerant maize for Africa research project has contributed to sustainable maize production, poverty reduction and food security in the continent.
基金supported by the General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2019jcyj msxmx0468)Chongqing Talents Program—Basic Research and Frontier Exploration(cstc2021ycjh bgzxm0152)+1 种基金Chongqing Agricultural Development Fund Project—Resource Plant New Variety Breeding and Application(NKY-2020AB015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CDJXY-004),China.
文摘Maize is an essential source of nutrition for humans and animals and is rich in various metabolites that determine its quality.Different maize varieties show significant differences in metabolite content.Two kinds of waxy maize parental materials,S181 and 49B,created by the Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,are widely grown in China.S181 shows higher starch and sugar contents than 49B.This study generated metabolic profiles to assess the differences between the two varieties.A total of 674 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed between the two varieties were identified by gas chromatography and untargeted metabolomics technology.These metabolites were associated with 21 categories,including antioxidant metabolites.Moreover,6415 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by RNA-seq.Interestingly,these DEGs comprised starch and sugar synthesis pathway genes and 72 different transcription factor families.Among these,six families that were reported to play an essential role in plant antioxidant action accounted for 39.2%of the transcription factor families.Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)classification,the DEGs were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis,glycolysis/glucose metabolism,and the synthetic and metabolic pathways of antioxidant active substances.Furthermore,the correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics identified five key transcription factors(ZmbHLH172,ZmNAC44,ZmNAC-like18,ZmS1FA2,ZmERF172),one ubiquitin ligase gene(ZmE25A)and one sucrose synthase gene(ZmSS1).They likely contribute to the quality traits of waxy corn through involvement in the metabolic regulatory network of antioxidant substances.Thus,our results provide new insights into maize quality-related antioxidant metabolite networks and have potential applications for waxy corn breeding.
