Objective: To evaluate the maintenance effect of probiotics versus that of aminosalicylates on ulcerative colitis. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the Chinese Biomedical Database...Objective: To evaluate the maintenance effect of probiotics versus that of aminosalicylates on ulcerative colitis. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the Chinese Biomedical Database were searched in English or Chinese. Data extracted were selected with strict criteria. Results: In six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a total of 721 participants were enrolled and the maintenance effect of probiotics (n ? 364) versus that of aminosalicylates (n ? 357) on ulcerative colitis was investigated. No significant difference was observed between probiotics and aminosalicylate groups (relative risk (RR) ? 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91e1.28;P ? 0.40). Three RCTs compared the incidence of adverse events with probiotics versus those with aminosalicylates. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (RR ? 1.20;95%CI:0.92e1.56;P ? 0.17). Conclusions: Probiotics and aminosalicylates both showed a maintenance effect on ulcerative colitis. However, more well-designed RCTs are required.展开更多
A barotropic channel model in β-plane is used to study the effect of topographic forcing on the formation and maintenance of blocking. The approximate analytical solution of potential vorticity equation can show the ...A barotropic channel model in β-plane is used to study the effect of topographic forcing on the formation and maintenance of blocking. The approximate analytical solution of potential vorticity equation can show the main property of the whole process of blocking. It is indicated that the topographic forcing is one of the main factors causing the blocking process. The results suggest that the nonlinear interaction plays a very important role in the stable 'Ω' situation of blocking. The atmospheric circulation with periodic and low-frequency oscillation, perhaps, is partly caused by topographic forcing.展开更多
The maintenance management of urban landscape plants play an important role in bringing their landscape and ecological functions into full play.In this paper,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to select 13 specif...The maintenance management of urban landscape plants play an important role in bringing their landscape and ecological functions into full play.In this paper,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to select 13 specific indicators to construct the evaluation system of woody landscape plant maintenance effectiveness from 3 aspects of ornamental,growth status and soil condition combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis,with the aim to explore an effective and scientific method to evaluate the effectiveness of landscape plant maintenance.展开更多
The Ten-year Fishing Ban(TFB)in the Yangtze River launched by China in 2019 has aroused global concern and multiple conflicts with related stakeholders.To explore effective strategies for ecological program management...The Ten-year Fishing Ban(TFB)in the Yangtze River launched by China in 2019 has aroused global concern and multiple conflicts with related stakeholders.To explore effective strategies for ecological program management,we conducted a field survey and simulated different scenarios of policy implementation through the three-party game between the central government,local governments,and fishermen.The results show how various policy options influence the sustainability of the fishing ban.(1)Increasing the penalty for the local government so it is greater than their policy enforcement costs or improving the reward to greater than 0.8 times the ecological benefits,can effectively mobilize the local government’s motivation and delay their shift to passive enforcement.(2)Current government assistance has not effectively met the actual needs of fishermen,so improving fund efficiency rather than fund scale can more effectively entice the fishermen to obey the fishing ban.(3)For illegal fishing,increasing the encounter frequency with fishermen has a greater deterrent effect than increasing the punishment severity,while the efficiency of livelihood support programs significantly influences the marginal benefit of punitive measures.When support efficiency improves to a moderate level,combining it with medium-to-high intensity penalties generates an optimal synergistic effect that can markedly accelerate system convergence.Therefore,a more sustainable fishing ban can be achieved by adding flexible penalties and economic rewards for the local government,improving the assistance for meeting the fishermen’s livelihood demands,increasing the frequency of encounters with illegal fishing and diversifying the punishment measures.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the maintenance effect of probiotics versus that of aminosalicylates on ulcerative colitis. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the Chinese Biomedical Database were searched in English or Chinese. Data extracted were selected with strict criteria. Results: In six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a total of 721 participants were enrolled and the maintenance effect of probiotics (n ? 364) versus that of aminosalicylates (n ? 357) on ulcerative colitis was investigated. No significant difference was observed between probiotics and aminosalicylate groups (relative risk (RR) ? 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91e1.28;P ? 0.40). Three RCTs compared the incidence of adverse events with probiotics versus those with aminosalicylates. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (RR ? 1.20;95%CI:0.92e1.56;P ? 0.17). Conclusions: Probiotics and aminosalicylates both showed a maintenance effect on ulcerative colitis. However, more well-designed RCTs are required.
文摘A barotropic channel model in β-plane is used to study the effect of topographic forcing on the formation and maintenance of blocking. The approximate analytical solution of potential vorticity equation can show the main property of the whole process of blocking. It is indicated that the topographic forcing is one of the main factors causing the blocking process. The results suggest that the nonlinear interaction plays a very important role in the stable 'Ω' situation of blocking. The atmospheric circulation with periodic and low-frequency oscillation, perhaps, is partly caused by topographic forcing.
基金Supported by the Research on the Evaluation System of Road Greening Maintenancethe Science and Technology Planning Project of the Urban Management Committee of Chongqing Municipality(YKZ2016-05)
文摘The maintenance management of urban landscape plants play an important role in bringing their landscape and ecological functions into full play.In this paper,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to select 13 specific indicators to construct the evaluation system of woody landscape plant maintenance effectiveness from 3 aspects of ornamental,growth status and soil condition combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis,with the aim to explore an effective and scientific method to evaluate the effectiveness of landscape plant maintenance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42461040)The Social Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(24YJ25)The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(20224BAB203047)。
文摘The Ten-year Fishing Ban(TFB)in the Yangtze River launched by China in 2019 has aroused global concern and multiple conflicts with related stakeholders.To explore effective strategies for ecological program management,we conducted a field survey and simulated different scenarios of policy implementation through the three-party game between the central government,local governments,and fishermen.The results show how various policy options influence the sustainability of the fishing ban.(1)Increasing the penalty for the local government so it is greater than their policy enforcement costs or improving the reward to greater than 0.8 times the ecological benefits,can effectively mobilize the local government’s motivation and delay their shift to passive enforcement.(2)Current government assistance has not effectively met the actual needs of fishermen,so improving fund efficiency rather than fund scale can more effectively entice the fishermen to obey the fishing ban.(3)For illegal fishing,increasing the encounter frequency with fishermen has a greater deterrent effect than increasing the punishment severity,while the efficiency of livelihood support programs significantly influences the marginal benefit of punitive measures.When support efficiency improves to a moderate level,combining it with medium-to-high intensity penalties generates an optimal synergistic effect that can markedly accelerate system convergence.Therefore,a more sustainable fishing ban can be achieved by adding flexible penalties and economic rewards for the local government,improving the assistance for meeting the fishermen’s livelihood demands,increasing the frequency of encounters with illegal fishing and diversifying the punishment measures.
