This paper analyzes the applications of four air terminal device（ATD）models（i.e.,the basic model,the box model,the N-point momentum model,the jet main region specification model）in computational fluid dynamics（CF...This paper analyzes the applications of four air terminal device（ATD）models（i.e.,the basic model,the box model,the N-point momentum model,the jet main region specification model）in computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation and their performance in case study.A full-scale experiment is performed in an environment chamber,and the measured air velocity and temperature fields are compared with the simulation results by using four ATD models.The velocity and temperature fields are measured by an omni-directional thermo-anemometer system.It demonstrates that the basic model and the box model are not applicable to complicated air terminal devices.At the occupant area,the relative errors between simulated and measured air velocities are less than 20% based on the N-point momentum model and the jet main region specification model.Around the ATD zone,the relative error between the numerical and measured air velocity based on the jet main region specification model is less than 15%.The jet main region specification model is proved to be an applicable approach and a more accurate way to study the airflow pattern around the ATD with complicated geometry.展开更多
Ultra-supercritical(USC) unit is more and more popular in coal-fired power industry.In this paper,closed-loop identification based on subspace model identification(SMI) is introduced for superheated steam temperature ...Ultra-supercritical(USC) unit is more and more popular in coal-fired power industry.In this paper,closed-loop identification based on subspace model identification(SMI) is introduced for superheated steam temperature system of USC unit.Closed-loop SMI is applied to building step response model of the unit directly.The parameters selection method is proposed to deal with the parameter sensitivity and improve the reliability of the model.Finally,the model is used in model identification of real USC unit.展开更多
In this paper, a compound binomial model with a constant dividend barrier and random income is considered. Two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined, where every by-claim is induced by the...In this paper, a compound binomial model with a constant dividend barrier and random income is considered. Two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined, where every by-claim is induced by the main claim and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The premium income is assumed to another binomial process to capture the uncertainty of the customer＇s arrivals and payments. A system of difference equations with certain boundary conditions for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin is derived and solved. Explicit results are obtained when the claim sizes are Kn distributed or the claim size distributions have finite support. Numerical results are also provided to illustrate the impact of the delay of by-claims on the expected present value of dividends.展开更多
To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes,it is essential to(i)accurately identify how past conditions of water and sediment have impacted current morph...To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes,it is essential to(i)accurately identify how past conditions of water and sediment have impacted current morphological adjustment of the river,and(ii)establish a corresponding simulation for non-equilibrium conditions.Based on discharge and suspended sediment concentration(SSC)as well as 82 cross-sectional data items for the Huayuankou-Lijin reach of the Lower Yellow River in the period 1965-2015,the process of adjustment of the geometry of the main channel(area,width,depth,and geomorphic coefficient),and its responses to changes in discharge and SSC for different reaches are statistically analyzed.Following this,a delayed response model(DRM)of the geometry of the main channel subjected to variations in discharge and SSC is established using a multi-step analytical model,with the discharge and SSC as the main controlling factors.The results show that the area,width,and depth of the main channel decreased initially,then increased,decreased again,and finally increased again.These features of the geometry of the channel were positively correlated with the 4-year moving average discharge and negatively with the 4-year moving average SSC.The geomorphic coefficient for the Huayuankou-Sunkou reach exhibited a trend of decrease,whereas that of the Sunkou-Lijin reach decreased initially,then increased,decreased again,and finally increased again.Except for the Huayuankou-Gaocun reach in 1965-1999,the coefficient was negatively correlated with the 4-year moving average discharge and positively with SSC.The simulated values of the morphological parameters of the main channel for all sub-reaches obtained using the DRM agreed well with the measured values.This indicates that the DRM can be used to simulate the process of response of the cross-sectional geometry of the main channel to variations in the water and sediment.The results of the model show that the adjustment of the geometry of the main channel was affected by the discharge and the SSC at present(30%)as well as for the previous 7 years(70%).The proposed model offers insights into the mechanism whereby past water and sediment influence the current morphological adjustment of the river,and provides an effective method for predicting the magnitude and trend of the geometry of the main channel under different flow conditions.展开更多
Abstract With the recent products being more reliable, engineers cannot obtain enough failure or degradation information through the design period and even the product lifetime, therefore, accel erated life test （ALT...Abstract With the recent products being more reliable, engineers cannot obtain enough failure or degradation information through the design period and even the product lifetime, therefore, accel erated life test （ALT） ihas become the most popular way to quantify the life characteristics of prod ucts. Test design is the most essential topic, such as testing duration, stress profile, data inference, etc. In this paper, a method and procedure based on theoretical life models is proposed to determine the accelerated stress profile. Firstly, the method for theoretical life calculation is put forward based on the main failure mechanism analysis and the theoretical life models. Secondly, the method is pro vided to determine the accelerated stress profile, including the method to determine the accelerated stress types and the stress range on the basis of the main failure mechanism analysis, the method to determine the acceleration factor and the accelerated stress level based on life quantitative calcula tion models, and the collaborative analysis method of the accelerated test time while taking the mul tiple failure mechanisms into consideration. Lastly, the actuator is taken as an example to describe the procedure of the method and the engineering applicability and the validity are verified.展开更多
The carbon-13 spin-spin relaxation times of fluorine-containing ionomers are measured and motional correlation times τ;and τ;are calculated by using VJGM model . The results show that the motions of polymer main cha...The carbon-13 spin-spin relaxation times of fluorine-containing ionomers are measured and motional correlation times τ;and τ;are calculated by using VJGM model . The results show that the motions of polymer main chain in ionomers become more difficult with increasing of ionization degree and contents of functional group, and depend on the fine structures and stability of ionic microdomains.展开更多
The prediction of water quality in terms of variables like dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH value, total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity etc. is useful for evaluating the use of water for...The prediction of water quality in terms of variables like dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH value, total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity etc. is useful for evaluating the use of water for various related purposes. The widely used Streeter and Phelps models for computing biochemical oxygen demand and its impact on dissolved oxygen do not account for the settleable component of BOD and related implications. The model also does not account for the impact of storage zone on the stream’s DO. In the present work an attempt is made to develop a model which simultaneously accounts for the settleable component of BOD and the effect of storage zones onriver’s DO. An application of the model to real field data suggests that the cumulative impact of settleable BOD and presence of storage zone in the river is to shift the critical deficit closer to the point source and magnify its amount.展开更多
文摘This paper analyzes the applications of four air terminal device（ATD）models（i.e.,the basic model,the box model,the N-point momentum model,the jet main region specification model）in computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation and their performance in case study.A full-scale experiment is performed in an environment chamber,and the measured air velocity and temperature fields are compared with the simulation results by using four ATD models.The velocity and temperature fields are measured by an omni-directional thermo-anemometer system.It demonstrates that the basic model and the box model are not applicable to complicated air terminal devices.At the occupant area,the relative errors between simulated and measured air velocities are less than 20% based on the N-point momentum model and the jet main region specification model.Around the ATD zone,the relative error between the numerical and measured air velocity based on the jet main region specification model is less than 15%.The jet main region specification model is proved to be an applicable approach and a more accurate way to study the airflow pattern around the ATD with complicated geometry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60974119)
文摘Ultra-supercritical(USC) unit is more and more popular in coal-fired power industry.In this paper,closed-loop identification based on subspace model identification(SMI) is introduced for superheated steam temperature system of USC unit.Closed-loop SMI is applied to building step response model of the unit directly.The parameters selection method is proposed to deal with the parameter sensitivity and improve the reliability of the model.Finally,the model is used in model identification of real USC unit.
基金supported by the NSFC(11171101)Doctoral Fund of Education Ministry of China(20104306110001)the Graduate Research and Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(CX2011B197)
文摘In this paper, a compound binomial model with a constant dividend barrier and random income is considered. Two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined, where every by-claim is induced by the main claim and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The premium income is assumed to another binomial process to capture the uncertainty of the customer＇s arrivals and payments. A system of difference equations with certain boundary conditions for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin is derived and solved. Explicit results are obtained when the claim sizes are Kn distributed or the claim size distributions have finite support. Numerical results are also provided to illustrate the impact of the delay of by-claims on the expected present value of dividends.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51639005Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of China,No.CKSF2019214/HL,No.CKSF2019411/HL。
文摘To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes,it is essential to(i)accurately identify how past conditions of water and sediment have impacted current morphological adjustment of the river,and(ii)establish a corresponding simulation for non-equilibrium conditions.Based on discharge and suspended sediment concentration(SSC)as well as 82 cross-sectional data items for the Huayuankou-Lijin reach of the Lower Yellow River in the period 1965-2015,the process of adjustment of the geometry of the main channel(area,width,depth,and geomorphic coefficient),and its responses to changes in discharge and SSC for different reaches are statistically analyzed.Following this,a delayed response model(DRM)of the geometry of the main channel subjected to variations in discharge and SSC is established using a multi-step analytical model,with the discharge and SSC as the main controlling factors.The results show that the area,width,and depth of the main channel decreased initially,then increased,decreased again,and finally increased again.These features of the geometry of the channel were positively correlated with the 4-year moving average discharge and negatively with the 4-year moving average SSC.The geomorphic coefficient for the Huayuankou-Sunkou reach exhibited a trend of decrease,whereas that of the Sunkou-Lijin reach decreased initially,then increased,decreased again,and finally increased again.Except for the Huayuankou-Gaocun reach in 1965-1999,the coefficient was negatively correlated with the 4-year moving average discharge and positively with SSC.The simulated values of the morphological parameters of the main channel for all sub-reaches obtained using the DRM agreed well with the measured values.This indicates that the DRM can be used to simulate the process of response of the cross-sectional geometry of the main channel to variations in the water and sediment.The results of the model show that the adjustment of the geometry of the main channel was affected by the discharge and the SSC at present(30%)as well as for the previous 7 years(70%).The proposed model offers insights into the mechanism whereby past water and sediment influence the current morphological adjustment of the river,and provides an effective method for predicting the magnitude and trend of the geometry of the main channel under different flow conditions.
基金supported by the Ministry Level Project of China
文摘Abstract With the recent products being more reliable, engineers cannot obtain enough failure or degradation information through the design period and even the product lifetime, therefore, accel erated life test （ALT） ihas become the most popular way to quantify the life characteristics of prod ucts. Test design is the most essential topic, such as testing duration, stress profile, data inference, etc. In this paper, a method and procedure based on theoretical life models is proposed to determine the accelerated stress profile. Firstly, the method for theoretical life calculation is put forward based on the main failure mechanism analysis and the theoretical life models. Secondly, the method is pro vided to determine the accelerated stress profile, including the method to determine the accelerated stress types and the stress range on the basis of the main failure mechanism analysis, the method to determine the acceleration factor and the accelerated stress level based on life quantitative calcula tion models, and the collaborative analysis method of the accelerated test time while taking the mul tiple failure mechanisms into consideration. Lastly, the actuator is taken as an example to describe the procedure of the method and the engineering applicability and the validity are verified.
基金The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The carbon-13 spin-spin relaxation times of fluorine-containing ionomers are measured and motional correlation times τ;and τ;are calculated by using VJGM model . The results show that the motions of polymer main chain in ionomers become more difficult with increasing of ionization degree and contents of functional group, and depend on the fine structures and stability of ionic microdomains.
文摘The prediction of water quality in terms of variables like dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH value, total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity etc. is useful for evaluating the use of water for various related purposes. The widely used Streeter and Phelps models for computing biochemical oxygen demand and its impact on dissolved oxygen do not account for the settleable component of BOD and related implications. The model also does not account for the impact of storage zone on the stream’s DO. In the present work an attempt is made to develop a model which simultaneously accounts for the settleable component of BOD and the effect of storage zones onriver’s DO. An application of the model to real field data suggests that the cumulative impact of settleable BOD and presence of storage zone in the river is to shift the critical deficit closer to the point source and magnify its amount.
