The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in China. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-ji...The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in China. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifically in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.展开更多
In the autumn of 1987,the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System organized eight units including the Research Group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)to submit reports providing an outline...In the autumn of 1987,the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System organized eight units including the Research Group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)to submit reports providing an outline economic reform plan for China for 1988-1995.The CASS Research Group recommended that enterprise reform and pricing and ownership reforms and their operational mechanisms should be carried out alongside each other in a two main lines approach.China’s deepening economic reforms have adhered to these two main lines throughout the last forty years.The first main line includes the revival and development of the individual economy,followed by the private economy,the introduction and utilization of foreign capital,and the reform of public ownership,including the state-owned system.In 1997,the 15th National Congress of the Party proposed the establishment of a socialist basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and simultaneous development of multiple forms of ownership.“Public ownership as the main body”is reflected in the dominance of public assets among total social assets and the fact that the state-owned economy controls the lifeline of the national economy and plays a leading role in economic development.The dominant role of public ownership has not changed in the forty years of reform and opening up.The second main line covers price reform,building a modern market system,reforming macro-control mechanisms and perfecting the macro-control and regulation system.From 1979 to 2017,our GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.5 percent,while the CPI grew at an average annual rate of less than 5 percent:a perfect match.The two main line approach is in line with the provisions of economic reform in the new era proposed in the report at the 19th National Party Congress,which focuses on improving the property rights system and market-oriented factor allocation.There is no distinction of primary or secondary in the role of the two main lines;both are equally important.They are united in the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economic system.展开更多
Theoretically based on historical materialism,the historical initiative of the Communist Party of China(CPC)is a precious character of creating new prospects amid changing circumstances consciously and proactively to ...Theoretically based on historical materialism,the historical initiative of the Communist Party of China(CPC)is a precious character of creating new prospects amid changing circumstances consciously and proactively to acquire benefits for Chinese people.Integrated into its centenary history and showing highlights in different historical periods,the CPC’s historical initiative features dialectical unity between problem orientation and mission pursuit,upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,regularity and consciousness,as well as the leadership of the CPC and the pioneering spirit of the people.To accomplish the Second Centenary Goal and advance national rejuvenation,the CPC will follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Marxism,stay committed to achieving national rejuvenation,unite and rely on the people,and stimulate the spirit of innovation and creation,thereby pooling more proactive spiritual strengths to make greater contributions in the new era.展开更多
Based on the transmission line code （TLCODE）, a circuit model is developed here for analyses of main switches in the high pulsed-power facilities. With the structure of the ZR main switch as an example, a circuit mo...Based on the transmission line code （TLCODE）, a circuit model is developed here for analyses of main switches in the high pulsed-power facilities. With the structure of the ZR main switch as an example, a circuit model topology of the switch is proposed, and in particular, calculation methods of the dynamic inductance and resistance of the switching arc are described. Moreover, a set of closed equations used for calculations of various node voltages are theoretically derived and numericMly discretized. Based on these discrete equations and the Matlab program, a simulation procedure is established for analyses of the ZR main switch. Voltages and currents at different key points are obtained, and comparisons are made with those of a PSpice L-C model. The comparison results show that these two models are perfectly in accord with each other with discrepancy less than 0.1%, which verifies the effectiveness of the TLCODE model to a certain extent.展开更多
The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-left handed transmission line（CRLH-TL） is deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show that the negative refraction index（herein the left-hand...The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-left handed transmission line（CRLH-TL） is deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show that the negative refraction index（herein the left-handedness） can be implemented by the electric circuit dissipative factors（i.e., the resistances R and conductances G） in a higher frequency band（1.446 GHz≤ ω ≤ 15 GHz）, and flexibly adjusted by the left-handed circuit components（Cl, Ll） and the right-handed circuit components（Cr, Lr） at a lower frequency（ω = 0.995 GHz）. The flexible adjustment for left-handedness in a wider bandwidth will be significant for the microscale circuit design of the CRLH-TL and may make the theoretical preparation for its compact applications.展开更多
We present a catalog including 11 204 spectra of 10436 early-type emission-line stars from LAMOST DR2, among which 9752 early-type emission-line spectra are newly discovered. For these early- type emissionqine stars, ...We present a catalog including 11 204 spectra of 10436 early-type emission-line stars from LAMOST DR2, among which 9752 early-type emission-line spectra are newly discovered. For these early- type emissionqine stars, we discuss the morphological and physical properties of their low-resolution spectra. In this spectral sample, the Hα emission profiles display a wide variety of shapes. Based on the Hα line profiles, these spectra are categorized into five distinct classes： single-peak emission, single-peak emission in absorption, double-peak emission, double-peak emission in absorption, and P-Cygni profiles. To better understand what causes the Hc~ line profiles, we divide these objects into four types from the perspective of physical classification, which include classical Be stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, close binaries and spectra contaminated by H n regions. The majority of Herbig Ae/Be stars and classical Be stars are identified and separated using a （H-K, K-W1） color-color diagram. We also discuss 31 binary systems that are listed in the SIMBAD on-line catalog and identify 3600 spectra contaminated by HⅡ regions after cross-matching with positions in the Dubout-Crillon catalog. A statistical analysis of line profiles versus classifications is then conducted in order to understand the distribution of Hc~ profiles for each type in our sample. Finally, we also provide a table of 172 spectra with Fen emission lines and roughly calculate stellar wind velocities for seven spectra with P-Cygni profiles.展开更多
Equivalent widths and line widths of Ca II infrared triplet emission lines were measured in the high-resolution optical spectra of 39 young stellar objects.We found that the equivalent widths of the emission lines dec...Equivalent widths and line widths of Ca II infrared triplet emission lines were measured in the high-resolution optical spectra of 39 young stellar objects.We found that the equivalent widths of the emission lines decrease with stellar evolution.It has often been claimed that strong chromospheric activity is generated by a dynamo process caused by fast rotation of the photosphere.However,we found no clear correlation between the strength of the Ca II lines and the stellar rotation velocity.Instead,we found that the objects with high mass accretion rates had stronger Ca II emission lines.This correlation supports the turbulent chromosphere model or the magnetic accretion theory for classical T Tauri stars.We also noticed that the equivalent widths of Ca II lines in transitional disk objects are one-tenth of those in classical T Tauri stars,even if the masses of the circumstellar disks are comparable.展开更多
文摘The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in China. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifically in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.
文摘In the autumn of 1987,the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System organized eight units including the Research Group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)to submit reports providing an outline economic reform plan for China for 1988-1995.The CASS Research Group recommended that enterprise reform and pricing and ownership reforms and their operational mechanisms should be carried out alongside each other in a two main lines approach.China’s deepening economic reforms have adhered to these two main lines throughout the last forty years.The first main line includes the revival and development of the individual economy,followed by the private economy,the introduction and utilization of foreign capital,and the reform of public ownership,including the state-owned system.In 1997,the 15th National Congress of the Party proposed the establishment of a socialist basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and simultaneous development of multiple forms of ownership.“Public ownership as the main body”is reflected in the dominance of public assets among total social assets and the fact that the state-owned economy controls the lifeline of the national economy and plays a leading role in economic development.The dominant role of public ownership has not changed in the forty years of reform and opening up.The second main line covers price reform,building a modern market system,reforming macro-control mechanisms and perfecting the macro-control and regulation system.From 1979 to 2017,our GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.5 percent,while the CPI grew at an average annual rate of less than 5 percent:a perfect match.The two main line approach is in line with the provisions of economic reform in the new era proposed in the report at the 19th National Party Congress,which focuses on improving the property rights system and market-oriented factor allocation.There is no distinction of primary or secondary in the role of the two main lines;both are equally important.They are united in the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economic system.
文摘Theoretically based on historical materialism,the historical initiative of the Communist Party of China(CPC)is a precious character of creating new prospects amid changing circumstances consciously and proactively to acquire benefits for Chinese people.Integrated into its centenary history and showing highlights in different historical periods,the CPC’s historical initiative features dialectical unity between problem orientation and mission pursuit,upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,regularity and consciousness,as well as the leadership of the CPC and the pioneering spirit of the people.To accomplish the Second Centenary Goal and advance national rejuvenation,the CPC will follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Marxism,stay committed to achieving national rejuvenation,unite and rely on the people,and stimulate the spirit of innovation and creation,thereby pooling more proactive spiritual strengths to make greater contributions in the new era.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51307141,51077111)by the State Key Laboratory Foundational Research Funds of China(Nos.SKLIPR1302Z,SKLIPR1306)
文摘Based on the transmission line code （TLCODE）, a circuit model is developed here for analyses of main switches in the high pulsed-power facilities. With the structure of the ZR main switch as an example, a circuit model topology of the switch is proposed, and in particular, calculation methods of the dynamic inductance and resistance of the switching arc are described. Moreover, a set of closed equations used for calculations of various node voltages are theoretically derived and numericMly discretized. Based on these discrete equations and the Matlab program, a simulation procedure is established for analyses of the ZR main switch. Voltages and currents at different key points are obtained, and comparisons are made with those of a PSpice L-C model. The comparison results show that these two models are perfectly in accord with each other with discrepancy less than 0.1%, which verifies the effectiveness of the TLCODE model to a certain extent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61205205 and 6156508508)the General Program of Yunnan Provincial Applied Basic Research Project,China(Grant No.2016FB009)the Foundation for Personnel Training Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.KKSY201207068)
文摘The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-left handed transmission line（CRLH-TL） is deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show that the negative refraction index（herein the left-handedness） can be implemented by the electric circuit dissipative factors（i.e., the resistances R and conductances G） in a higher frequency band（1.446 GHz≤ ω ≤ 15 GHz）, and flexibly adjusted by the left-handed circuit components（Cl, Ll） and the right-handed circuit components（Cr, Lr） at a lower frequency（ω = 0.995 GHz）. The flexible adjustment for left-handedness in a wider bandwidth will be significant for the microscale circuit design of the CRLH-TL and may make the theoretical preparation for its compact applications.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371 and 11233004)The Guo Shou Jing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘We present a catalog including 11 204 spectra of 10436 early-type emission-line stars from LAMOST DR2, among which 9752 early-type emission-line spectra are newly discovered. For these early- type emissionqine stars, we discuss the morphological and physical properties of their low-resolution spectra. In this spectral sample, the Hα emission profiles display a wide variety of shapes. Based on the Hα line profiles, these spectra are categorized into five distinct classes： single-peak emission, single-peak emission in absorption, double-peak emission, double-peak emission in absorption, and P-Cygni profiles. To better understand what causes the Hc~ line profiles, we divide these objects into four types from the perspective of physical classification, which include classical Be stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, close binaries and spectra contaminated by H n regions. The majority of Herbig Ae/Be stars and classical Be stars are identified and separated using a （H-K, K-W1） color-color diagram. We also discuss 31 binary systems that are listed in the SIMBAD on-line catalog and identify 3600 spectra contaminated by HⅡ regions after cross-matching with positions in the Dubout-Crillon catalog. A statistical analysis of line profiles versus classifications is then conducted in order to understand the distribution of Hc~ profiles for each type in our sample. Finally, we also provide a table of 172 spectra with Fen emission lines and roughly calculate stellar wind velocities for seven spectra with P-Cygni profiles.
文摘Equivalent widths and line widths of Ca II infrared triplet emission lines were measured in the high-resolution optical spectra of 39 young stellar objects.We found that the equivalent widths of the emission lines decrease with stellar evolution.It has often been claimed that strong chromospheric activity is generated by a dynamo process caused by fast rotation of the photosphere.However,we found no clear correlation between the strength of the Ca II lines and the stellar rotation velocity.Instead,we found that the objects with high mass accretion rates had stronger Ca II emission lines.This correlation supports the turbulent chromosphere model or the magnetic accretion theory for classical T Tauri stars.We also noticed that the equivalent widths of Ca II lines in transitional disk objects are one-tenth of those in classical T Tauri stars,even if the masses of the circumstellar disks are comparable.
