Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. The liver is also the second most common site for metastatic spread of cancer. To assist in the diagnosis of these liv...Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. The liver is also the second most common site for metastatic spread of cancer. To assist in the diagnosis of these liver lesions non-invasive advanced imaging techniques are desirable. Magnetic resonance (MR) is commonly used to identify anatomical lesions, but it is a very versatile technique and also can provide specific information on tumor pathophysiology and metabolism, in particular with the application of MR spectroscopy (MRS). This may include data on the type, grade and stage of tumors, and thus assist in further management of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the available literature on proton, phosphorus and carbon-13-MRS as performed on primary liver tumors and metastases, with human applications as the main perspective. Upcoming MRSapproaches with potential applications to liver tumors are also included. Since knowledge of some technical background is indispensable to understand the results, a basic introduction of MRS and some technical issues of MRS as applied to tumors and metastases in the liver are described as well. In vivo MR spectroscopy of tumors in a metabolically active organ such as the liver has been demonstrated to provide important information on tumor metabolism, but it also is challenging as compared to applications on some other tissues, in particular in humans, mostly because of its abdominal location where movement may be a disturbing factor.展开更多
AIM: To describe the electrocardiographic(ECG) phenomena characterized by T-wave inversion in the precordial leads in adults and to highlight its differential diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 8 adul...AIM: To describe the electrocardiographic(ECG) phenomena characterized by T-wave inversion in the precordial leads in adults and to highlight its differential diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 8 adult patients who were admitted with ECG T-wave inversion in the anterior chest leads with or without prolongation of corrected QT(QTc) interval. They had different clinical conditions. Each patient underwent appropriate clinical assessment including investigation for myocardial involvement. Single and multimodality noninvasive, semi-invasive and invasive diagnostic approach were used to ascertain the diagnosis. The diagnostic assessment included biochemical investigation, cardiac and abdominal ultrasound, cerebral and chest computed tomography, nuclear medicine and coronary angiography.RESULTS: Eight adult subjects(5 females) with a mean age of 66 years(range 51 to 82) are analyzed. The etiology of T-wave inversion in the precordial leads were diverse. On admission, all patients had normal blood pressure and the ECG showed sinus rhythm. Five patients showed marked prolongation of the QTc interval. The longest QTc interval(639 ms) was found in the patient with pheochromocytoma. Giant T-wave inversion(≥ 10 mm) was found in pheochromocytoma followed by electroconvulsive therapy and finally ischemic heart disease. The deepest T-wave was measured in lead V3(5 ×). In 3 patients presented with mild T-wave inversion(patients 1, 5 and 4 mm), the QTc interval was not prolonged(432, 409 and 424 msec), respectively.CONCLUSION: T-wave inversion associated with or without QTc prolongation requires meticulous history taking, physical examination and tailored diagnostic modalities to reach rapid and correct diagnosis to establish appropriate therapeutic intervention.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) technology was used to study changes to the resting state blood flow in the brains of patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) before and after treatment with moxib...OBJECTIVES:Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) technology was used to study changes to the resting state blood flow in the brains of patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) before and after treatment with moxibustion at the acupoint of the left Dubi(ST 35) and to probe the cerebral mechanism underlying the effect of moxibustion.METHODS:The resting state brain function of 30 patients with left KOA was scanned with fMRI before and after treatment with moxibustion.The analytic methods of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(fALFF) and regional homogeneity(ReHo) were used to observe changes in resting state brain function.RESULTS:The fALFF values of the right cerebrum,extra-nucleus,left cerebellum,left cerebrum and white matter of patients after moxibustion treatment were higher than before treatment,and the fALFF values of the precentral gyrus,frontal lobe and occipital lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).The ReHo values of the thalamus,extra-nucleus and parietal lobe of patients were much higher than those before moxibustion treatment,and the ReHo values of the right cerebrum,left cerebrum and frontal lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).CONCLUSION:The influence of moxibustion on obvious changes in brain regions basically conforms to the way that pain and warmth is transmitted in the body,and the activation of sensitive systems in the body may be objective evidence of channel transmission.The regulation of brain function by moxibustion is not in a single brain region but rather in a network of many brain regions.展开更多
The existing wireless power transfer(WPT)systems for gastrointestinal capsule robot have the prob-lems of small coupling coefficient and low power transmission efficiency(PTE).The reasons are due to the long distance ...The existing wireless power transfer(WPT)systems for gastrointestinal capsule robot have the prob-lems of small coupling coefficient and low power transmission efficiency(PTE).The reasons are due to the long distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil and the large difference in size.A new type of WPT system is designed,which uses three sets of small coil pairs to form a power supply unit(PSU),and utilizes multiple PSUs to form a multi-coil WPT system.Compared with single-coil system,the multi-coil system can achieve higher power utilization by switching between PSUs,instead of opening all PSUs.ANSYS Maxwell is used to perform finite element modeling on the PSU,analyzing the characteristics of the transmitting magnetic field.The results of the experiment show that when the distance between the small coil pairs in the PSU is 180mm,the magnetic field has relatively good uniformity,and the magnetic strength change relative to the center point is less than 5%.The average received power of the system is greater than 800mW,and the PTE is up to 5.1%.展开更多
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive...Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive and memory-related aspects of pain perception. However, changes in the functional connectivity between the defauk mode network and insula during pain remain unclear. This study used 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 12 healthy sub- jects aged 24.8 ± 3.3 years to compare the differences in the functional activity and connectivity of the insula and default mode network between the baseline and pain condition induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline. Compared with the baseline, the insula was more functionally connected with the medial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas there was lower connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior parietal lobule in the pain condition. In addition, compared with baseline, the anterior cingulate cortex exhibited greater connectivity with the posterior insula, but lower connectivity with the anterior insula, during the pain condition. These data indicate that experimental low back pain led to dysfunction in the connectivity between the insula and default mode network resulting from an impairment of the regions of the brain related to cognition and emotion, suggesting the impor- tance of the interaction between these regions in pain processing.展开更多
The identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） poses an impor- tant clinical challenge. A potential biomarker for early diagnosis and disease monitoring of PD is region-specifi...The identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） poses an impor- tant clinical challenge. A potential biomarker for early diagnosis and disease monitoring of PD is region-specific iron. Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra pars compacta is considered a main characteristic of PD. However, questions remain, such as the relationship between nigral iron and clinical indices of PD （motor impairment or disease duration）. Further, previous studies have suggested the influence of iron on other nuclei. Iron quantification using magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） allows for studies of the relationship between regional iron and clinical symptoms in vivo. Thus, in this review we discuss the following topics： the technological develop- ment of MRI in measuring brain iron, nigral iron as a potential marker for PD in both clinical and prodromal stages, other influences of regional iron on PD, and clinical translation and future perspectives.展开更多
: To meet the increasingly higher requirements on the quali-ty of kaolins from the industries of paper, ceramics, rubber and plastics, etc. , the processing of kaolins in China has undergone remarkable develop-ment in...: To meet the increasingly higher requirements on the quali-ty of kaolins from the industries of paper, ceramics, rubber and plastics, etc. , the processing of kaolins in China has undergone remarkable develop-ment in recent years. This article reports the new achievements in tech-niques , processes and equipment in flotation, selective flocculation, high gradient magnetic separation and classification of altrafines in the process-ing of kaolins in China. The comprehensive utilization of kaolins is also re-ported.展开更多
The badland topography of Basanputti Village, Ganjam District, Odisha, possesses red sediments. The typical red sediment deposit, on average, consists of 71.8% total heavy minerals （THM）, out of which 62.1% are ilme...The badland topography of Basanputti Village, Ganjam District, Odisha, possesses red sediments. The typical red sediment deposit, on average, consists of 71.8% total heavy minerals （THM）, out of which 62.1% are ilmenite. The other heavy minerals sillimanite, zircon, garnet, monazite, and pyriboles are in the order of abundance identified. In this present study, Mozley mineral separator has been used to recover THM from red sediment. Mineral separator results indicate that a product ob- tained contains 72.2% by weight with 94.4% THM and 95% recovery. The ilmenite concentrate recov- ered using dry low-intensity magnetic separator from the THM concentrate can be used in pigment in- dustries after suitable pyrometallurgical/chemical processing methods.展开更多
In an almost cubical reactor 90 1 in volume which is intended to deposit organic polymers by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD）, microwave power is coupled into the volume via a quartz window which ex...In an almost cubical reactor 90 1 in volume which is intended to deposit organic polymers by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD）, microwave power is coupled into the volume via a quartz window which extends to approximately 1/10 of the sidewall area. Since the plasma is excited locally, plasma parameters like electron temperature and plasma density are expected to exhibit a spatial variation. The compilation of these plasma quantities has been accomplished with a bendable single Langmuir probe. To isolate the tungsten wire against its grounded housing tube, it was coated with polyparylene. After having compared this construction with our Langmuir probe, which has been now in use for more than a decade, we have taken data of more than half the volume of the reactor with argon and have found a definitive radial inhomogenity for all plasma parameters. To investigate whether this conduct can be determined applying optical emission spectroscopy, we improved our spectrometer which had been used for endpoint detection purposes and plasma diagnostics in chlorine-containing ambients where we could detect also a spatial dependence. This behavior is discussed in terms of Lieberman＇s global model.展开更多
This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college s...This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college students. The results showed that, regarding brain function, some dimensions of social adjustment were associated with the insula, and some regions of the frontal and occipital lobes. Self-adjustment and satisfaction required activation of the middle frontal gyrus, while career adjustment and academic adjustment required inhibition of the inferior frontal gyrus and lingual gyrus, respectively. Decreased metabolic activity of the lingual gyrus was beneficial for obtaining satisfaction. Regarding brain structure, the total score and some dimensions of social adaptation were associated with the gray matter of portions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The superior temporal gyrus was associated with the total social adjustment and satisfaction score, the middle temporal gyrus with campus-life adjustment and satisfaction, and the post central gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule with emotional adjustment. The changes in the gray matter volume of these brain regions to a certain extent reflected socially adaptive behaviors. The results suggest that social adaptability is associated with various brain regions dispersed among both hemispheres of the brain, and requires synergistic inter-actions between multiple brain regions and both brain hemispheres.展开更多
The current-induced magnetic switching is studied in Co/Cu/Co nanopillar with an in-plane magnetization traversed under the perpendicular-to-plane external field.Magnetization switching is found to take place when the...The current-induced magnetic switching is studied in Co/Cu/Co nanopillar with an in-plane magnetization traversed under the perpendicular-to-plane external field.Magnetization switching is found to take place when the current density exceeds a threshold.By analyzing precessional trajectories,evolutions of domain walls and magnetization switching times under the perpendicular magnetic field,there are two different magnetization switching modes:nucleation and domain wall motion reversal;uniform magnetization reversal.The first mode occurs at lower current density,which is realized by the formation of the reversal nucleus and domain wall motion;while the second mode occurs through complete magnetization reversal at higher current density.Furthermore,the switching time reduces as the spin-polarized current density increases,which can also be grouped into two reversal modes.展开更多
The ability to tune the size, shape, composition and surface properties impart nanoparticles with the desired functions for bio-application. This article highlights some of the recent examples in the exploration of me...The ability to tune the size, shape, composition and surface properties impart nanoparticles with the desired functions for bio-application. This article highlights some of the recent examples in the exploration of metal （e.g., gold and silver） nanoparticles, especially those with magnetic properties and bio-conjugated structures, as theranostic nanoprobes. Such nanoprobes exhibit tunable optical, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties for signal amplifications. Examples discussed in this article will focus on the nanoproble-enhanced colorimetric detection and surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） detection of biomarkers or biomolecules such as proteins and DNAs. The understanding of factors controlling the biomolecular interactions is essential for the design of SERS nanoprobes with theranostic functions.展开更多
In the era of big data,where vast amounts of information are being generated and collected at an unprecedented rate,there is a pressing demand for innovative data-driven multi-modal fusion methods.These methods aim to...In the era of big data,where vast amounts of information are being generated and collected at an unprecedented rate,there is a pressing demand for innovative data-driven multi-modal fusion methods.These methods aim to integrate diverse neuroimaging per-spectives to extract meaningful insights and attain a more comprehensive understanding of complex psychiatric disorders.However,analyzing each modality separately may only reveal partial insights or miss out on important correlations between different types of data.This is where data-driven multi-modal fusion techniques come into play.By combining information from multiple modalities in a synergistic manner,these methods enable us to uncover hidden patterns and relationships that would otherwise remain unnoticed.In this paper,we present an extensive overview of data-driven multimodal fusion approaches with or without prior information,with specific emphasis on canonical correlation analysis and independent component analysis.The applications of such fusion methods are wide-ranging and allow us to incorporate multiple factors such as genetics,environment,cognition,and treatment outcomes across various brain disorders.After summarizing the diverse neuropsychiatric magnetic resonance imaging fusion applications,we further discuss the emerging neuroimaging analyzing trends in big data,such as N-way multimodal fusion,deep learning approaches,and clinical translation.Overall,multimodal fusion emerges as an imperative approach providing valuable insights into the under-lying neural basis of mental disorders,which can uncover subtle abnormalities or potential biomarkers that may benefit targeted treatments and personalized medical interventions.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant from the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF Kankerbestrijding), No. KUN 2008-4098
文摘Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. The liver is also the second most common site for metastatic spread of cancer. To assist in the diagnosis of these liver lesions non-invasive advanced imaging techniques are desirable. Magnetic resonance (MR) is commonly used to identify anatomical lesions, but it is a very versatile technique and also can provide specific information on tumor pathophysiology and metabolism, in particular with the application of MR spectroscopy (MRS). This may include data on the type, grade and stage of tumors, and thus assist in further management of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the available literature on proton, phosphorus and carbon-13-MRS as performed on primary liver tumors and metastases, with human applications as the main perspective. Upcoming MRSapproaches with potential applications to liver tumors are also included. Since knowledge of some technical background is indispensable to understand the results, a basic introduction of MRS and some technical issues of MRS as applied to tumors and metastases in the liver are described as well. In vivo MR spectroscopy of tumors in a metabolically active organ such as the liver has been demonstrated to provide important information on tumor metabolism, but it also is challenging as compared to applications on some other tissues, in particular in humans, mostly because of its abdominal location where movement may be a disturbing factor.
文摘AIM: To describe the electrocardiographic(ECG) phenomena characterized by T-wave inversion in the precordial leads in adults and to highlight its differential diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 8 adult patients who were admitted with ECG T-wave inversion in the anterior chest leads with or without prolongation of corrected QT(QTc) interval. They had different clinical conditions. Each patient underwent appropriate clinical assessment including investigation for myocardial involvement. Single and multimodality noninvasive, semi-invasive and invasive diagnostic approach were used to ascertain the diagnosis. The diagnostic assessment included biochemical investigation, cardiac and abdominal ultrasound, cerebral and chest computed tomography, nuclear medicine and coronary angiography.RESULTS: Eight adult subjects(5 females) with a mean age of 66 years(range 51 to 82) are analyzed. The etiology of T-wave inversion in the precordial leads were diverse. On admission, all patients had normal blood pressure and the ECG showed sinus rhythm. Five patients showed marked prolongation of the QTc interval. The longest QTc interval(639 ms) was found in the patient with pheochromocytoma. Giant T-wave inversion(≥ 10 mm) was found in pheochromocytoma followed by electroconvulsive therapy and finally ischemic heart disease. The deepest T-wave was measured in lead V3(5 ×). In 3 patients presented with mild T-wave inversion(patients 1, 5 and 4 mm), the QTc interval was not prolonged(432, 409 and 424 msec), respectively.CONCLUSION: T-wave inversion associated with or without QTc prolongation requires meticulous history taking, physical examination and tailored diagnostic modalities to reach rapid and correct diagnosis to establish appropriate therapeutic intervention.
基金Supported by National 973 Project (No. 2009CB522902)
文摘OBJECTIVES:Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) technology was used to study changes to the resting state blood flow in the brains of patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) before and after treatment with moxibustion at the acupoint of the left Dubi(ST 35) and to probe the cerebral mechanism underlying the effect of moxibustion.METHODS:The resting state brain function of 30 patients with left KOA was scanned with fMRI before and after treatment with moxibustion.The analytic methods of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(fALFF) and regional homogeneity(ReHo) were used to observe changes in resting state brain function.RESULTS:The fALFF values of the right cerebrum,extra-nucleus,left cerebellum,left cerebrum and white matter of patients after moxibustion treatment were higher than before treatment,and the fALFF values of the precentral gyrus,frontal lobe and occipital lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).The ReHo values of the thalamus,extra-nucleus and parietal lobe of patients were much higher than those before moxibustion treatment,and the ReHo values of the right cerebrum,left cerebrum and frontal lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).CONCLUSION:The influence of moxibustion on obvious changes in brain regions basically conforms to the way that pain and warmth is transmitted in the body,and the activation of sensitive systems in the body may be objective evidence of channel transmission.The regulation of brain function by moxibustion is not in a single brain region but rather in a network of many brain regions.
基金the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Nos.61673271 and 81971767)the Shang-hai Research Project(Nos.19441910600,19441913800 and 19142203800)the Project of Institute of Medical Robotics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.IMR2018KY05)。
文摘The existing wireless power transfer(WPT)systems for gastrointestinal capsule robot have the prob-lems of small coupling coefficient and low power transmission efficiency(PTE).The reasons are due to the long distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil and the large difference in size.A new type of WPT system is designed,which uses three sets of small coil pairs to form a power supply unit(PSU),and utilizes multiple PSUs to form a multi-coil WPT system.Compared with single-coil system,the multi-coil system can achieve higher power utilization by switching between PSUs,instead of opening all PSUs.ANSYS Maxwell is used to perform finite element modeling on the PSU,analyzing the characteristics of the transmitting magnetic field.The results of the experiment show that when the distance between the small coil pairs in the PSU is 180mm,the magnetic field has relatively good uniformity,and the magnetic strength change relative to the center point is less than 5%.The average received power of the system is greater than 800mW,and the PTE is up to 5.1%.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2012B031800305
文摘Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive and memory-related aspects of pain perception. However, changes in the functional connectivity between the defauk mode network and insula during pain remain unclear. This study used 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 12 healthy sub- jects aged 24.8 ± 3.3 years to compare the differences in the functional activity and connectivity of the insula and default mode network between the baseline and pain condition induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline. Compared with the baseline, the insula was more functionally connected with the medial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas there was lower connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior parietal lobule in the pain condition. In addition, compared with baseline, the anterior cingulate cortex exhibited greater connectivity with the posterior insula, but lower connectivity with the anterior insula, during the pain condition. These data indicate that experimental low back pain led to dysfunction in the connectivity between the insula and default mode network resulting from an impairment of the regions of the brain related to cognition and emotion, suggesting the impor- tance of the interaction between these regions in pain processing.
基金supported by the 13th Fiveyear Plan for the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1306600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2017XZZX001-01)+1 种基金the 12th Fiveyear Plan for the National Science and Technology Supporting Program of China (2012BAI10B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571654, 81371519, and 81301190)
文摘The identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） poses an impor- tant clinical challenge. A potential biomarker for early diagnosis and disease monitoring of PD is region-specific iron. Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra pars compacta is considered a main characteristic of PD. However, questions remain, such as the relationship between nigral iron and clinical indices of PD （motor impairment or disease duration）. Further, previous studies have suggested the influence of iron on other nuclei. Iron quantification using magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） allows for studies of the relationship between regional iron and clinical symptoms in vivo. Thus, in this review we discuss the following topics： the technological develop- ment of MRI in measuring brain iron, nigral iron as a potential marker for PD in both clinical and prodromal stages, other influences of regional iron on PD, and clinical translation and future perspectives.
文摘: To meet the increasingly higher requirements on the quali-ty of kaolins from the industries of paper, ceramics, rubber and plastics, etc. , the processing of kaolins in China has undergone remarkable develop-ment in recent years. This article reports the new achievements in tech-niques , processes and equipment in flotation, selective flocculation, high gradient magnetic separation and classification of altrafines in the process-ing of kaolins in China. The comprehensive utilization of kaolins is also re-ported.
基金supported by Board of Research for Nuclear Sciences,Mumbai,Department of Atomic Energy,India
文摘The badland topography of Basanputti Village, Ganjam District, Odisha, possesses red sediments. The typical red sediment deposit, on average, consists of 71.8% total heavy minerals （THM）, out of which 62.1% are ilmenite. The other heavy minerals sillimanite, zircon, garnet, monazite, and pyriboles are in the order of abundance identified. In this present study, Mozley mineral separator has been used to recover THM from red sediment. Mineral separator results indicate that a product ob- tained contains 72.2% by weight with 94.4% THM and 95% recovery. The ilmenite concentrate recov- ered using dry low-intensity magnetic separator from the THM concentrate can be used in pigment in- dustries after suitable pyrometallurgical/chemical processing methods.
基金support financially by Germany's Federal Secretary of Education and Research(Nos.1715X04 and 1753X08)
文摘In an almost cubical reactor 90 1 in volume which is intended to deposit organic polymers by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD）, microwave power is coupled into the volume via a quartz window which extends to approximately 1/10 of the sidewall area. Since the plasma is excited locally, plasma parameters like electron temperature and plasma density are expected to exhibit a spatial variation. The compilation of these plasma quantities has been accomplished with a bendable single Langmuir probe. To isolate the tungsten wire against its grounded housing tube, it was coated with polyparylene. After having compared this construction with our Langmuir probe, which has been now in use for more than a decade, we have taken data of more than half the volume of the reactor with argon and have found a definitive radial inhomogenity for all plasma parameters. To investigate whether this conduct can be determined applying optical emission spectroscopy, we improved our spectrometer which had been used for endpoint detection purposes and plasma diagnostics in chlorine-containing ambients where we could detect also a spatial dependence. This behavior is discussed in terms of Lieberman＇s global model.
文摘This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college students. The results showed that, regarding brain function, some dimensions of social adjustment were associated with the insula, and some regions of the frontal and occipital lobes. Self-adjustment and satisfaction required activation of the middle frontal gyrus, while career adjustment and academic adjustment required inhibition of the inferior frontal gyrus and lingual gyrus, respectively. Decreased metabolic activity of the lingual gyrus was beneficial for obtaining satisfaction. Regarding brain structure, the total score and some dimensions of social adaptation were associated with the gray matter of portions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The superior temporal gyrus was associated with the total social adjustment and satisfaction score, the middle temporal gyrus with campus-life adjustment and satisfaction, and the post central gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule with emotional adjustment. The changes in the gray matter volume of these brain regions to a certain extent reflected socially adaptive behaviors. The results suggest that social adaptability is associated with various brain regions dispersed among both hemispheres of the brain, and requires synergistic inter-actions between multiple brain regions and both brain hemispheres.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 5042810)
文摘The current-induced magnetic switching is studied in Co/Cu/Co nanopillar with an in-plane magnetization traversed under the perpendicular-to-plane external field.Magnetization switching is found to take place when the current density exceeds a threshold.By analyzing precessional trajectories,evolutions of domain walls and magnetization switching times under the perpendicular magnetic field,there are two different magnetization switching modes:nucleation and domain wall motion reversal;uniform magnetization reversal.The first mode occurs at lower current density,which is realized by the formation of the reversal nucleus and domain wall motion;while the second mode occurs through complete magnetization reversal at higher current density.Furthermore,the switching time reduces as the spin-polarized current density increases,which can also be grouped into two reversal modes.
基金Acknowledgements The authors express our appreciations to former and current members of the Zhong Research Group and collaborators who have made contributions to the work described in this article. Portions of the research are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation （Grant Nos. 0848701, 1100736） and SUNY Research Collaboration Fund, and in part by the Scientific Research Foundation of SIT （YJ2015-9） and SEC （ZZyy15099）.
文摘The ability to tune the size, shape, composition and surface properties impart nanoparticles with the desired functions for bio-application. This article highlights some of the recent examples in the exploration of metal （e.g., gold and silver） nanoparticles, especially those with magnetic properties and bio-conjugated structures, as theranostic nanoprobes. Such nanoprobes exhibit tunable optical, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties for signal amplifications. Examples discussed in this article will focus on the nanoproble-enhanced colorimetric detection and surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） detection of biomarkers or biomolecules such as proteins and DNAs. The understanding of factors controlling the biomolecular interactions is essential for the design of SERS nanoprobes with theranostic functions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (62373062,82022035)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710434)+1 种基金the National Institute of Health grants (R01EB005846,R01MH117107,and R01MH118695)the National Science Foundation (2112455).
文摘In the era of big data,where vast amounts of information are being generated and collected at an unprecedented rate,there is a pressing demand for innovative data-driven multi-modal fusion methods.These methods aim to integrate diverse neuroimaging per-spectives to extract meaningful insights and attain a more comprehensive understanding of complex psychiatric disorders.However,analyzing each modality separately may only reveal partial insights or miss out on important correlations between different types of data.This is where data-driven multi-modal fusion techniques come into play.By combining information from multiple modalities in a synergistic manner,these methods enable us to uncover hidden patterns and relationships that would otherwise remain unnoticed.In this paper,we present an extensive overview of data-driven multimodal fusion approaches with or without prior information,with specific emphasis on canonical correlation analysis and independent component analysis.The applications of such fusion methods are wide-ranging and allow us to incorporate multiple factors such as genetics,environment,cognition,and treatment outcomes across various brain disorders.After summarizing the diverse neuropsychiatric magnetic resonance imaging fusion applications,we further discuss the emerging neuroimaging analyzing trends in big data,such as N-way multimodal fusion,deep learning approaches,and clinical translation.Overall,multimodal fusion emerges as an imperative approach providing valuable insights into the under-lying neural basis of mental disorders,which can uncover subtle abnormalities or potential biomarkers that may benefit targeted treatments and personalized medical interventions.
