Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migrati...Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.展开更多
Plastic litter has been widely documented in our oceans,leading to growing worldwide concerns regarding its potential impact on the marine environment.A large proportion of this plastic accumulates at the bottom of th...Plastic litter has been widely documented in our oceans,leading to growing worldwide concerns regarding its potential impact on the marine environment.A large proportion of this plastic accumulates at the bottom of the ocean,resulting in a need to monitor and quantify seafloor litter.Seafloor litter monitoring is mostly performed using benthic beam trawls,which have several limitations and environmental implications.New innovative ways to document and address seafloor litter are therefore necessary and requested by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14(SDG 14.1.1b),the Oslo Paris Convention(OSPAR)and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea(ICES).This systematic review gives an overview of the state-of-the-art of 14 current underwater technologies that are eligible for future in situ detection of plastic litter on the seafloor based on 101 publications.A set of objectives and a Technology Readiness Level(TRL)scale were used to benchmark the technologies and revealed that the most suitable system is often very scenario-specific and,therefore,demands investments in more than one specific group of technologies.A decision tool was established to determine the most suitable technique for a range of different situations.This review indicates that most of these technologies are currently at low-middle TRLs,requiring several more development,testing and commercialization steps before they can be applied effectively in marine field conditions.However,these technologies,alone or in combination,have the potential to contribute to the establishment of more robust global environmental indicators and monitoring programs for plastic pollution.展开更多
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.
基金supported by the Flanders Innovation&Entrepreneurship(VLAIO)in the capacity of the PLUXIN project‘Plastic Flux for Innovation and Business Opportunities in Flanders’(cSBO,Project Number HBC.2019.2904)co-financed by the Operational Program AZORES 2020,through the Fund 01-0145-FEDER-000,140“MarAZ Researchers:Consolidate a body of researchers in Marine Sciences in the Azores”of the European Union.
文摘Plastic litter has been widely documented in our oceans,leading to growing worldwide concerns regarding its potential impact on the marine environment.A large proportion of this plastic accumulates at the bottom of the ocean,resulting in a need to monitor and quantify seafloor litter.Seafloor litter monitoring is mostly performed using benthic beam trawls,which have several limitations and environmental implications.New innovative ways to document and address seafloor litter are therefore necessary and requested by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14(SDG 14.1.1b),the Oslo Paris Convention(OSPAR)and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea(ICES).This systematic review gives an overview of the state-of-the-art of 14 current underwater technologies that are eligible for future in situ detection of plastic litter on the seafloor based on 101 publications.A set of objectives and a Technology Readiness Level(TRL)scale were used to benchmark the technologies and revealed that the most suitable system is often very scenario-specific and,therefore,demands investments in more than one specific group of technologies.A decision tool was established to determine the most suitable technique for a range of different situations.This review indicates that most of these technologies are currently at low-middle TRLs,requiring several more development,testing and commercialization steps before they can be applied effectively in marine field conditions.However,these technologies,alone or in combination,have the potential to contribute to the establishment of more robust global environmental indicators and monitoring programs for plastic pollution.
