By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in h...By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in heart, gonads, eyes and gills tissues in both female and male V. macrolepis. There was only one ME-2 in heart and ME-1 in eye of female fish, while there were ME-1 and ME-2 in heart and ME-2 in eyes of male fish. Ovary contained ME-1 and ME-2, while spermary only contained ME-1. In kidney and spleen tissues, malic enzyme was found only in female fish, while in muscle, malic enzyme existed only in male fish. The phenotypic of malic enzyme had obvious differences no matter in the same organ of different sexes in V. macrolepis or different organs in the same sex. But there were no differences among different individuals of the same sex. The results will provide basic data for developmental genetics, breed improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis, and lay a foundation for its development and protection.展开更多
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and biochemical staining method were used in this study for the analysis on malate dehydrogenase (MDH,E.C. 1.1.1.37) isozymes zymogram in 11 different types of tissues of male...Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and biochemical staining method were used in this study for the analysis on malate dehydrogenase (MDH,E.C. 1.1.1.37) isozymes zymogram in 11 different types of tissues of male and female Varicorhinus macrolepis. It had been found for the first time that the phenotype of malate dehydrogenase (MDH),acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed difference between male and female V. macrolepis,and there was no difference among different individuals in the same sex. Therefore,the electrophoresis band of malate dehydrogenase,acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase could be used as an indicator for the identification of gender and tissues of V. macrolepis,which would provide basic data for the developmental genetics,variety improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis groups,thus facilitating the development and protection of this valuable fish species.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aimed at researching lectins in muscles of Varicorhinus macrolepis and providing scientific basis for researching the adaptation mechanism and immune response of V.macrolepis to environment,which...[Objective] The paper aimed at researching lectins in muscles of Varicorhinus macrolepis and providing scientific basis for researching the adaptation mechanism and immune response of V.macrolepis to environment,which were advantageous for the protection and reproduction of V.macrolepis.[Method] V.macrolepis was used as test materials for the hemagglutination test by dialdehyde fixation to prove the existence of lectins in muscle crude homogenate of Varicorhinus macrolepis and study the physical and chemical characters.[Result] Lectins in muscle crude homogenate of V.macrolepis had shown hemagglutination effects on erythrocytes of six types of animals and had the maximum hemagglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes,which belonged to the S-type lectins with optimal pH ranged from 4 to 8 and optimal temperature at 60 ℃.Results from the saccharide inhibition test had indicated that the sucrose was the only kind of saccharide which had inhibited the hemagglutination,suggesting that sucrose had played an important role in the process of recognition and aggregation of lectins.[Conclusion] It had been speculated that the optimal pH ranges for thermal sensitivity and hemagglutination activity of lectins in different types of aquatic organisms were similar.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the karyotype of Chi-lin fish （Varicorhi- nus macrolepis） from Taishan mountain. [Method] The chromosome number and karyotype of an endemic Chi-lin fish were studied using the head...[Objective] The paper was to study the karyotype of Chi-lin fish （Varicorhi- nus macrolepis） from Taishan mountain. [Method] The chromosome number and karyotype of an endemic Chi-lin fish were studied using the head kidney cells. [Re- sult] The diploid chromosome number （2n） of Chi-lin fish was 50, and the karyotype of V. macrolepis was 2n=50,16m＋14sm＋20t, NF =80. No sex-chromosome was found in Chi-lin fish. [Conclusion] A detailed karyotype of this endemic cyprinid fish of Taishan Mountain was established for the first time in this study.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze tyrosinase activity and its expression in Varicorhinus macrolepis. [Method] V. macrolepis was used as experimental material for the analysis and research of tyrosinase in nine k...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze tyrosinase activity and its expression in Varicorhinus macrolepis. [Method] V. macrolepis was used as experimental material for the analysis and research of tyrosinase in nine kinds of organs and tissues of male and female V. macrolepis individuals by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical staining method, spectrophotometry and enzyme histochemical technology. [Result] Tyrosinase exists in the liver and pancreas, intestine and spleen of female and male V. macrolepis and in the gallbladder of male V. macrolepis. Tyrosinase activities in various tissues of V. macrolepis varied largely. Specifically, tyrosinase activities in the spleen was the maximum, which was higher in female V. macrolepis than in males. According to the enzyme histochemistry results, strong positive signals of tyrosinase existed in the spleen, intestine, liver and pancreas and gallbladder of V. macrolepis, which was the strongest in the spleen. [Conclusion] In this paper, research on tissue localization of tyrosinase in V. macrolepis had been first reported, which provided theoretical basis for further exploring the functions of tyrosinase in V. macrolepis.展开更多
Varicorhinus macrolepis is a unique rare fish in the Mount Tai area and belongs to the national second-class protected animals. Due to the development of Mount Tai area and the impact of human activities, the amount o...Varicorhinus macrolepis is a unique rare fish in the Mount Tai area and belongs to the national second-class protected animals. Due to the development of Mount Tai area and the impact of human activities, the amount of wild V. macrolepis resources has been reduced sharply and is about to go extinct. In order to protect this rare freshwater fish, various protection policies have been promulgat- ed by various levels of government and various protection measures have been im- plemented, a number of studies have been conducted by all levels of scientific re- search institutes, and local enterprises, farmers and social groups are also actively involved in the protection activities. The protective measures and the achieved re- sults were summed up in this paper. It is believed that with the active participation of government at all levels, scientific research institutes at all levels, breeding units and social groups, significant results have been obtained after years of implementa- tion of the protection-development pattern, the amount of V. macrolepis germplasm resources has been recovered significantly, and V. macrolepis has been utilized suc- cessfully in the nutrition, health care, tourism, culture and other areas. The protec- tion model for V. macrolepis has a certain reference value for germplasm resources protection, propagation and development of other rare species.展开更多
The allometric relationships between growth traits are critical to trees’fitness,yet the mechanisms by which slope position affects tree growth and allometry remain poorly understood.This study examined growth traits...The allometric relationships between growth traits are critical to trees’fitness,yet the mechanisms by which slope position affects tree growth and allometry remain poorly understood.This study examined growth traits and their allometric relationships in an 8-year-old Calocedrus macrolepis plantation in southwest China across three slope positions(upslope,mesoslope and downslope).The measured growth traits included tree height(H),diameter at breast height(D),crown size(Crown),wood volume(V)and height under branch(HUB).The study also explored spatial variations in soil properties and microbial communities.Results showed that slope position altered allometric growth pattern,with larger allometric exponents at downslope for H,D and V relative to Crown and HUB,suggesting improved wood growth.Soil nutrient levels(nitrogen,phosphorus and available potassium)and microbial diversity,particularly the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi,were greater at mesoslope and downslope.Our study identified phosphorus and potassium as key drivers of enhanced allometric relationships.Functional groups such as Endomycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal fungi,and functional groups involved in nitrogen cycling(Nitrogen respiration,Nitrate respiration),were strongly correlated with allometric exponents for D,V and Crown relative to HUB,suggesting their role in supporting structural growth and canopy expansion.These findings emphasize that variations in soil nutrients and microbial communities across slope positions regulate tree growth and allometry,with bacterial communities exerting a stronger influence than fungi.These insights contribute to sustainable forest management,particularly in optimizing planting site selection for improved tree growth in mountainous regions.展开更多
Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)were often used as growth and antioxidant capacity promoter.In this study,we found selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)could improve the survival rate of Onychostoma macrolepis(O.macrolepis)fry a...Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)were often used as growth and antioxidant capacity promoter.In this study,we found selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)could improve the survival rate of Onychostoma macrolepis(O.macrolepis)fry as a feed additive after a challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila(A.hydrophila).To further explore the mechanism of SeNPs against bacterial infection,we examined the changes before and after bacterial infection,and the results showed that large amounts of peroxide were produced under A.hydrophila infection in O.macrolepis fry,and then the excessive accumulation of peroxides led to a large amount of ferroptosis in the liver.Interestingly,we found supplementing 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs decreased MDA,iron content,and enhanced T-AOC levels in the liver of O.macrolepis fry after a challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila(P˂0.01).Especially,the diet with 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs could significantly increase the expression level of Glutathione peroxidase-4(GPX4),nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and Ferroportin 1(FPN1)in the liver of O.macrolepis after infection with A.hydrophila.In summary,the results of this research suggested that the diet with 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs was an optimal additive dose to improve the survival rate of O.macrolepis fry by increasing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting ferroptosis,which sheds a new light on the mechanism of antibacterial infection in fish from the perspective of ferroptosis.展开更多
The effects of different dietary lipid levels on lipid accumulation,inflammatory response,serum bio-chemical index and histological features of intestine and hepatopancreas of O.macrolepis was experimentally evaluated...The effects of different dietary lipid levels on lipid accumulation,inflammatory response,serum bio-chemical index and histological features of intestine and hepatopancreas of O.macrolepis was experimentally evaluated in an eight-weeks study.Fish(initial weight 50.11±2.86 g)were fed with five iso-nitrogenous diets(around 390 g/kg protein)varying with lipid level(5%,7%,9%,11%,13%,being LL5,LL7,LL9,LL11,and LL13 respectively)in triplicates.Results showed that the content of crude lipid in carcass and hepatopancreas were not affected by dietary lipid levels(P>0.05).Serum ALT,TP,HDL-c and MDA,etc.,were not significantly affected by diets(P>0.05),while serum total antioxidant capacity in LL9 and LL11 groups were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).Histological features of hepatopancreas and intestine showed no significant difference among the five diets(P>0.05),while the height of intestine villus showed the higher trend in LL9 compared with other groups.The relative expression of lipid metabolism related genes(pparα,cpt-1α,fas,and hsl)and immune response related genes(tlr 22,nrf 2,tnfα,and il-γ)in the hepatopancreas of fish fed diets differing in their crude lipid levels were not significantly different(P>0.05).The results suggested that a proper dietary lipid level of 9%-11%could maintain higher antioxidant and health status of adult O.macrolepis.展开更多
为了探究多鳞白甲鱼(Varicorhinus macrolepis)早期发育特征规律,对2019年3月采集于大宁河的多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼进行人工催产和授精,并观察和描述多鳞白甲鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的形态特征和时序。结果显示:多鳞白甲鱼受精卵为卵圆形沉性卵,具粘...为了探究多鳞白甲鱼(Varicorhinus macrolepis)早期发育特征规律,对2019年3月采集于大宁河的多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼进行人工催产和授精,并观察和描述多鳞白甲鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的形态特征和时序。结果显示:多鳞白甲鱼受精卵为卵圆形沉性卵,具粘性;一般呈金黄色或白色,相对透明;卵径为(2.46±0.12)mm。在水温为(17.2±0.5)℃的条件下,多鳞白甲鱼胚胎耗时147 h 30 min出膜,有效积温达到2582.56℃·h。整个胚胎发育过程大致可分分为7个阶段:受精卵形成期(0~1 h 48 min)、卵裂期(3 h 38 min~7 h 38 min)、囊胚期(9 h 32 min~22 h 2 min)、原肠胚期(33 h 15 min~45 h 19 min)、神经胚形成期(50 h 24 min~53 h 55 min)、器官形成期(56 h~95 h 55 min)、出膜期(103 h 31 min~147 h 30 min)共7个阶段。初孵仔鱼全长(8.86±0.52)mm,心率114~128次/min。眼色素于2日龄开始出现并逐渐加深;6日龄时卵黄囊耗竭,进入外源性营养阶段;8日龄仔鱼腹腔出现鳔一室;20日龄仔鱼出现背鳍鳍条,腹部鳍褶延伸至胸鳍后缘,臀鳍开始分化;21日龄出现鳔二室;34日龄开始出现鳞片,进入稚鱼期;70日龄鳞片遍布全身,体型和体色与成鱼相近,进入幼鱼阶段。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39770091)~~
文摘By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical straining method, malic enzyme isozyme in 10 organs of male or female Varicorhinus macrolepis were analyzed. The results showed that malic enzyme exists in heart, gonads, eyes and gills tissues in both female and male V. macrolepis. There was only one ME-2 in heart and ME-1 in eye of female fish, while there were ME-1 and ME-2 in heart and ME-2 in eyes of male fish. Ovary contained ME-1 and ME-2, while spermary only contained ME-1. In kidney and spleen tissues, malic enzyme was found only in female fish, while in muscle, malic enzyme existed only in male fish. The phenotypic of malic enzyme had obvious differences no matter in the same organ of different sexes in V. macrolepis or different organs in the same sex. But there were no differences among different individuals of the same sex. The results will provide basic data for developmental genetics, breed improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis, and lay a foundation for its development and protection.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700071 )Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Y2008D03 )Science and Technology Program of Qingdao City(08-1-27-jch)~~
文摘Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and biochemical staining method were used in this study for the analysis on malate dehydrogenase (MDH,E.C. 1.1.1.37) isozymes zymogram in 11 different types of tissues of male and female Varicorhinus macrolepis. It had been found for the first time that the phenotype of malate dehydrogenase (MDH),acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed difference between male and female V. macrolepis,and there was no difference among different individuals in the same sex. Therefore,the electrophoresis band of malate dehydrogenase,acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase could be used as an indicator for the identification of gender and tissues of V. macrolepis,which would provide basic data for the developmental genetics,variety improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis groups,thus facilitating the development and protection of this valuable fish species.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(3070007131172074)National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2010CL002)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aimed at researching lectins in muscles of Varicorhinus macrolepis and providing scientific basis for researching the adaptation mechanism and immune response of V.macrolepis to environment,which were advantageous for the protection and reproduction of V.macrolepis.[Method] V.macrolepis was used as test materials for the hemagglutination test by dialdehyde fixation to prove the existence of lectins in muscle crude homogenate of Varicorhinus macrolepis and study the physical and chemical characters.[Result] Lectins in muscle crude homogenate of V.macrolepis had shown hemagglutination effects on erythrocytes of six types of animals and had the maximum hemagglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes,which belonged to the S-type lectins with optimal pH ranged from 4 to 8 and optimal temperature at 60 ℃.Results from the saccharide inhibition test had indicated that the sucrose was the only kind of saccharide which had inhibited the hemagglutination,suggesting that sucrose had played an important role in the process of recognition and aggregation of lectins.[Conclusion] It had been speculated that the optimal pH ranges for thermal sensitivity and hemagglutination activity of lectins in different types of aquatic organisms were similar.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172074,30700071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2010CL002)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the karyotype of Chi-lin fish （Varicorhi- nus macrolepis） from Taishan mountain. [Method] The chromosome number and karyotype of an endemic Chi-lin fish were studied using the head kidney cells. [Re- sult] The diploid chromosome number （2n） of Chi-lin fish was 50, and the karyotype of V. macrolepis was 2n=50,16m＋14sm＋20t, NF =80. No sex-chromosome was found in Chi-lin fish. [Conclusion] A detailed karyotype of this endemic cyprinid fish of Taishan Mountain was established for the first time in this study.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(3117207430700071)National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2010CL002)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze tyrosinase activity and its expression in Varicorhinus macrolepis. [Method] V. macrolepis was used as experimental material for the analysis and research of tyrosinase in nine kinds of organs and tissues of male and female V. macrolepis individuals by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical staining method, spectrophotometry and enzyme histochemical technology. [Result] Tyrosinase exists in the liver and pancreas, intestine and spleen of female and male V. macrolepis and in the gallbladder of male V. macrolepis. Tyrosinase activities in various tissues of V. macrolepis varied largely. Specifically, tyrosinase activities in the spleen was the maximum, which was higher in female V. macrolepis than in males. According to the enzyme histochemistry results, strong positive signals of tyrosinase existed in the spleen, intestine, liver and pancreas and gallbladder of V. macrolepis, which was the strongest in the spleen. [Conclusion] In this paper, research on tissue localization of tyrosinase in V. macrolepis had been first reported, which provided theoretical basis for further exploring the functions of tyrosinase in V. macrolepis.
文摘Varicorhinus macrolepis is a unique rare fish in the Mount Tai area and belongs to the national second-class protected animals. Due to the development of Mount Tai area and the impact of human activities, the amount of wild V. macrolepis resources has been reduced sharply and is about to go extinct. In order to protect this rare freshwater fish, various protection policies have been promulgat- ed by various levels of government and various protection measures have been im- plemented, a number of studies have been conducted by all levels of scientific re- search institutes, and local enterprises, farmers and social groups are also actively involved in the protection activities. The protective measures and the achieved re- sults were summed up in this paper. It is believed that with the active participation of government at all levels, scientific research institutes at all levels, breeding units and social groups, significant results have been obtained after years of implementa- tion of the protection-development pattern, the amount of V. macrolepis germplasm resources has been recovered significantly, and V. macrolepis has been utilized suc- cessfully in the nutrition, health care, tourism, culture and other areas. The protec- tion model for V. macrolepis has a certain reference value for germplasm resources protection, propagation and development of other rare species.
基金supported by the Essential Scientific Research of Chinese National Nonprofit Institute(CAFYBB2021ZW003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022058)+1 种基金the Candidates of the Young and Middle-Aged Academic Leaders of Yunnan Province of China(202205AC160041)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AT070258 and 202301AV070002)and Xingdian Talent Support Program(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0231).
文摘The allometric relationships between growth traits are critical to trees’fitness,yet the mechanisms by which slope position affects tree growth and allometry remain poorly understood.This study examined growth traits and their allometric relationships in an 8-year-old Calocedrus macrolepis plantation in southwest China across three slope positions(upslope,mesoslope and downslope).The measured growth traits included tree height(H),diameter at breast height(D),crown size(Crown),wood volume(V)and height under branch(HUB).The study also explored spatial variations in soil properties and microbial communities.Results showed that slope position altered allometric growth pattern,with larger allometric exponents at downslope for H,D and V relative to Crown and HUB,suggesting improved wood growth.Soil nutrient levels(nitrogen,phosphorus and available potassium)and microbial diversity,particularly the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi,were greater at mesoslope and downslope.Our study identified phosphorus and potassium as key drivers of enhanced allometric relationships.Functional groups such as Endomycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal fungi,and functional groups involved in nitrogen cycling(Nitrogen respiration,Nitrate respiration),were strongly correlated with allometric exponents for D,V and Crown relative to HUB,suggesting their role in supporting structural growth and canopy expansion.These findings emphasize that variations in soil nutrients and microbial communities across slope positions regulate tree growth and allometry,with bacterial communities exerting a stronger influence than fungi.These insights contribute to sustainable forest management,particularly in optimizing planting site selection for improved tree growth in mountainous regions.
基金supported by the Key R&D plan Project of Shaanxi Province(S2022-YF-YBNY-0055)Research and Development Program of China Se-enriched Industry Research Institute(No.2021FXZX04-01)the Fund of Key Sci-Tech Project of Shaanxi Province(NO.2018ZDXM-NY-034).
文摘Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)were often used as growth and antioxidant capacity promoter.In this study,we found selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)could improve the survival rate of Onychostoma macrolepis(O.macrolepis)fry as a feed additive after a challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila(A.hydrophila).To further explore the mechanism of SeNPs against bacterial infection,we examined the changes before and after bacterial infection,and the results showed that large amounts of peroxide were produced under A.hydrophila infection in O.macrolepis fry,and then the excessive accumulation of peroxides led to a large amount of ferroptosis in the liver.Interestingly,we found supplementing 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs decreased MDA,iron content,and enhanced T-AOC levels in the liver of O.macrolepis fry after a challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila(P˂0.01).Especially,the diet with 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs could significantly increase the expression level of Glutathione peroxidase-4(GPX4),nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and Ferroportin 1(FPN1)in the liver of O.macrolepis after infection with A.hydrophila.In summary,the results of this research suggested that the diet with 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs was an optimal additive dose to improve the survival rate of O.macrolepis fry by increasing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting ferroptosis,which sheds a new light on the mechanism of antibacterial infection in fish from the perspective of ferroptosis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200)Special R&D Program Project of Chinese Academy of Se-enriched Industry(2019ZKG-1)+1 种基金Key R&D plan of Shaanxi Province(2018ZDXM-NY-045)Shaanxi Special plan project of technological innovation guidance(2022QFY12-03).
文摘The effects of different dietary lipid levels on lipid accumulation,inflammatory response,serum bio-chemical index and histological features of intestine and hepatopancreas of O.macrolepis was experimentally evaluated in an eight-weeks study.Fish(initial weight 50.11±2.86 g)were fed with five iso-nitrogenous diets(around 390 g/kg protein)varying with lipid level(5%,7%,9%,11%,13%,being LL5,LL7,LL9,LL11,and LL13 respectively)in triplicates.Results showed that the content of crude lipid in carcass and hepatopancreas were not affected by dietary lipid levels(P>0.05).Serum ALT,TP,HDL-c and MDA,etc.,were not significantly affected by diets(P>0.05),while serum total antioxidant capacity in LL9 and LL11 groups were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).Histological features of hepatopancreas and intestine showed no significant difference among the five diets(P>0.05),while the height of intestine villus showed the higher trend in LL9 compared with other groups.The relative expression of lipid metabolism related genes(pparα,cpt-1α,fas,and hsl)and immune response related genes(tlr 22,nrf 2,tnfα,and il-γ)in the hepatopancreas of fish fed diets differing in their crude lipid levels were not significantly different(P>0.05).The results suggested that a proper dietary lipid level of 9%-11%could maintain higher antioxidant and health status of adult O.macrolepis.
文摘为了探究多鳞白甲鱼(Varicorhinus macrolepis)早期发育特征规律,对2019年3月采集于大宁河的多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼进行人工催产和授精,并观察和描述多鳞白甲鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的形态特征和时序。结果显示:多鳞白甲鱼受精卵为卵圆形沉性卵,具粘性;一般呈金黄色或白色,相对透明;卵径为(2.46±0.12)mm。在水温为(17.2±0.5)℃的条件下,多鳞白甲鱼胚胎耗时147 h 30 min出膜,有效积温达到2582.56℃·h。整个胚胎发育过程大致可分分为7个阶段:受精卵形成期(0~1 h 48 min)、卵裂期(3 h 38 min~7 h 38 min)、囊胚期(9 h 32 min~22 h 2 min)、原肠胚期(33 h 15 min~45 h 19 min)、神经胚形成期(50 h 24 min~53 h 55 min)、器官形成期(56 h~95 h 55 min)、出膜期(103 h 31 min~147 h 30 min)共7个阶段。初孵仔鱼全长(8.86±0.52)mm,心率114~128次/min。眼色素于2日龄开始出现并逐渐加深;6日龄时卵黄囊耗竭,进入外源性营养阶段;8日龄仔鱼腹腔出现鳔一室;20日龄仔鱼出现背鳍鳍条,腹部鳍褶延伸至胸鳍后缘,臀鳍开始分化;21日龄出现鳔二室;34日龄开始出现鳞片,进入稚鱼期;70日龄鳞片遍布全身,体型和体色与成鱼相近,进入幼鱼阶段。
