Harmful macroalgal blooms caused by Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri are increasing in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.However,our understanding of macroalgal blooms before 2008 is fragmented and unclear.Using t...Harmful macroalgal blooms caused by Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri are increasing in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.However,our understanding of macroalgal blooms before 2008 is fragmented and unclear.Using time-series Landsat imagery from 1984 to 2008,we examined macroalgal bloom events and their evolutionary patterns.The results suggest that no macroalgal blooms were observed before 1999.Ulva blooms could be traced back to 1999 and occurred on a small scale in 2000,2004 and 2005,before escalating into large green tides in 2007 and 2008.Notably,these Ulva blooms were confined to the southern Yellow Sea from May to August.In comparison,Sargassum blooms were first detected in the East China Sea in March 2000 and occurred almost every year thereafter,although the size of the blooms showed significant interannual variation.The distribution areas generally moved northwards from March until the bloom dissipated in May or June,suggesting the influence of the monsoon and currents.Our investigation provided some insight into the bloom history of these two harmful macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.展开更多
Macroalgae farming not only holds significant economic value but also contributes substantially to carbon sequestration,and therefore has gained intensified attention globally under climate change scenarios.However,it...Macroalgae farming not only holds significant economic value but also contributes substantially to carbon sequestration,and therefore has gained intensified attention globally under climate change scenarios.However,its sustainability is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic and environmental changes.The health and resilience of macroalgae are intrinsically linked to their associated microbiomes,offering an untapped opportunity to enhance macroalgal farming through microbiome manipulation.In this review,we have summarized the current understanding of macroalgal microbiomes,highlighting critically underexplored microbial components,such as overlooked taxa,host specificity,and the environmental factors influencing microbiome composition,which hinder the development of effective microbiome engineering strategies.We critically evaluate existing microbiome manipulation approaches and their applications in enhancing macroalgal growth,resilience,carbon fixation,and biomass yield and assess their potential for improving macroalgal carbon sequestration.Finally,we propose a holistic framework that integrates multi-omics and metabolic modeling,microbial functional and environmental compatibility,high-throughput rapid isolation,and in vivo validation to bridge critical knowledge gaps and unlock the full potential of macroalgal microbiome engineering for sustainable,large-scale macroalgal farming.展开更多
How would the biodiversity of macroalgae modify carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)stocks within a blue carbon habitat?We addressed this knowledge gap by quantifying biomass stocks of macroalgal origins across the seascape of a ...How would the biodiversity of macroalgae modify carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)stocks within a blue carbon habitat?We addressed this knowledge gap by quantifying biomass stocks of macroalgal origins across the seascape of a seagrass meadow.Such information is warranted due to the paucity of data on macroalgal deposits that function as allochthonous inputs into an ecosystem's pool of organic matter.Macroalgae were collected from the Merambong seagrass shoal(Johor,Malaysia)in December 2020 to February 2021.C and N analyses were performed on organic matter,and biomass measurements were upscaled to represent seascape estimates.Stocks of macroalgal origin across the meadow were estimated at 10.71±1.3 Mg C and 0.75±0.11 Mg N.The biodiversity of macroalgae was heterogeneous,which was similarly reflected in taxa-specific variability of up to 44.7%C and 4.9%N.The highest cumulative stocks were contributed by members of Ulvaceae for C and N.Corallinaceae and Lithophyllaceae contributed the highest organic C among the calcifying species.The morphology and habit of the 35 macroalgal species found in the meadow provided indicators of their autochthonous versus allochthonous nature based on benthic or drifting tendencies.Predictors of C and N stocks factored by biodiversity indices were not evident,although Evenness index partially explained it at the spatial level.The spatial model was still able to pinpoint clusters of C and N hotspots across the meadow,allowing management measures for the protection of C reserves while mitigating release of excess N.展开更多
From 2007 to 2009, large-scale blooms of green algae (the so-called "green tides") occurred every summer in the Yellow Sea, China. In June 2008, huge amounts of floating green algae accumulated along the coa...From 2007 to 2009, large-scale blooms of green algae (the so-called "green tides") occurred every summer in the Yellow Sea, China. In June 2008, huge amounts of floating green algae accumulated along the coast of Qingdao and led to mass mortality of cultured abalone and sea cucumber. However, the mechanism for the mass mortality of cultured animals remains undetermined. This study examined the toxic effects of Ulva (Enteromorpha) prolifera, the causative species of green tides in the Yellow Sea during the last three years. The acute toxicity of fresh culture medium and decomposing algal effluent of U. prolifera to the cultured abalone Haliotis discus hannai were tested. It was found that both fresh culture medium and decomposing algal effluent had toxic effects to abalone, and decomposing algal effluent was more toxic than fresh culture medium. The acute toxicity of decomposing algal effluent could be attributed to the ammonia and sulfide presented in the effluent, as well as the hypoxia caused by the decomposition process.展开更多
The macroalgal blooms of floating brown algae Sargassum horneri are increasing in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea during the past few years.However,the annual pattern of Sargassum bloom is not well characterized.To ...The macroalgal blooms of floating brown algae Sargassum horneri are increasing in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea during the past few years.However,the annual pattern of Sargassum bloom is not well characterized.To study the developing pattern and explore the impacts from hydro-meteorologic environment,high resolution satellite imageries were used to monitor the distribution,coverage and drifting of the pelagic Sargassum rafts in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea from September 2019 to August 2020.Sargassum blooms were detected from October 2019 to June 2020 and presented two successive drifting paths that both initiated from around 37°N.The first path spanned smaller spatial scale and shorter period,starting with a bloom of 3 km^(2) distribution area near the eastern tip of Shandong Peninsula in late October 2019 and drifted southwards,hit the Pyropia aquaculture area in early January 2020,then vanished in the northwest of East China Sea(ca.32°N)around end of January.The second path began with a large distribution area of 23000 km^(2) east of 123°E in late January 2020,firstly moved southwards in the central Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea(north of 29°N)till late April,then turned northwards with monsoon wind and vanished from late June to August.The mean sea surface temperature of 8℃ to 20℃ in the Sargassum bloom areas corresponded to in situ observed temperature range for vegetative growth and floating of S.horneri.There was no observed floating Sargassum blooms during July through September in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.The results indicate that floating S.horneri is unable to complete life cycle in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea,and provide insights to the future management of Sargassum blooms.Further studies are needed to validate the pattern and source of annual Sargassum bloom in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.展开更多
Feed composition affects the gut bacterial community in aquatic species,but little is known about how diet type impacts gut microbiota in molluscan bivalves.This study investigates the impact of feed composition on th...Feed composition affects the gut bacterial community in aquatic species,but little is known about how diet type impacts gut microbiota in molluscan bivalves.This study investigates the impact of feed composition on the gut bacterial community in two commercially important bivalves:Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.Oysters and mussels were fed with two types of marine algae,live Isochrysis galbana(microalgae)and the dried seaweed powder Ulva sp.(macroalgae)under a laboratory condition for two months.The V1–V2 region of the 16S rDNA was sequenced through an Illumina MiSeq platform to compare the gut bacterial community of oysters and mussels at the start and the end of the feeding trial.Feed composition directly impacted both alpha and beta diversities of gut microbiota,but the degree of the impact differed between bivalve species.The difference in the gut bacterial assemblages of oysters and mussels in the pre-and post-feeding trials indicated that the diet type and host species shape the composition of gut bacteria.Spirochaeta was absent in mussel guts during the pre-and post-feeding trials but was present in oysters,revealing host specificity in colonizing gut bacteria.The results suggest that the diet type and host species can significantly impact the gut bacterial community structure.This study confirms that diet can modulate gut microbial composition in marine filter-feeding organisms,but the extent of dietary modulation depends on feed type and host species.展开更多
Enteromorpha prolifera （Muell.） J. Agardh （Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae）. which is distributed widely in the inter-tidal zone of the ocean, is one of the most common fouling green algae. However, the present understan...Enteromorpha prolifera （Muell.） J. Agardh （Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae）. which is distributed widely in the inter-tidal zone of the ocean, is one of the most common fouling green algae. However, the present understandings of the life history of E. profifera have been insufficient to explain their seasonal abundances. Thus it is essential to investigate how many reproductive strategies are likely to contribute to the successful colonization and flourishing of the green alga. In the present study the reproduction diversity of E. prolifera was observed and studied systematically by culturing chopped tissues. Our results showed that there are in total seven pathways of reproduction for E. prolifera including sexual, asexual and vegetative reproduction, it was indicated that the variety of the reproductive ways and the large quantity of reproductive cells produced and released during the reproductive season are the two key factors that facilitate colonization of E. prolifera. The reproduction of the alga E. prolifera mainly depends on asexual methods. The results presented here contribute to increasing our understanding about how the opportunistic macroalgae successfully maintain colonization and excessive growth.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3106005)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2021MD 122)+2 种基金the MNR Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science and Technology,China(No.MEEST-2023-04)the Taishan Scholars Program(No.tstp20230642)the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation(Nos.201708,202209,202314)。
文摘Harmful macroalgal blooms caused by Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri are increasing in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.However,our understanding of macroalgal blooms before 2008 is fragmented and unclear.Using time-series Landsat imagery from 1984 to 2008,we examined macroalgal bloom events and their evolutionary patterns.The results suggest that no macroalgal blooms were observed before 1999.Ulva blooms could be traced back to 1999 and occurred on a small scale in 2000,2004 and 2005,before escalating into large green tides in 2007 and 2008.Notably,these Ulva blooms were confined to the southern Yellow Sea from May to August.In comparison,Sargassum blooms were first detected in the East China Sea in March 2000 and occurred almost every year thereafter,although the size of the blooms showed significant interannual variation.The distribution areas generally moved northwards from March until the bloom dissipated in May or June,suggesting the influence of the monsoon and currents.Our investigation provided some insight into the bloom history of these two harmful macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0608304,2020YFA0607603)the Natural Science Foundation of China(42176050,42276105,U1906216)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M753347)the Shandong Province Postdoctoral Fund Project(SDBX2022030,SDCX-ZG-202400160)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2023220)the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tsqn2024)the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions(ONCE)Project.
文摘Macroalgae farming not only holds significant economic value but also contributes substantially to carbon sequestration,and therefore has gained intensified attention globally under climate change scenarios.However,its sustainability is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic and environmental changes.The health and resilience of macroalgae are intrinsically linked to their associated microbiomes,offering an untapped opportunity to enhance macroalgal farming through microbiome manipulation.In this review,we have summarized the current understanding of macroalgal microbiomes,highlighting critically underexplored microbial components,such as overlooked taxa,host specificity,and the environmental factors influencing microbiome composition,which hinder the development of effective microbiome engineering strategies.We critically evaluate existing microbiome manipulation approaches and their applications in enhancing macroalgal growth,resilience,carbon fixation,and biomass yield and assess their potential for improving macroalgal carbon sequestration.Finally,we propose a holistic framework that integrates multi-omics and metabolic modeling,microbial functional and environmental compatibility,high-throughput rapid isolation,and in vivo validation to bridge critical knowledge gaps and unlock the full potential of macroalgal microbiome engineering for sustainable,large-scale macroalgal farming.
基金the Research University Grantnumber:DPK-2021-011 (Assessing the role of macroalgae diversity in contributing to carbon storage in blue carbon habitats of Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia) funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia had supported this studypart of the contribution for the project grant number:ST-2021-002/ECOMARINE Project Code:619158-EPP-1-2020-1-CY-EPPKA2-CBHE,funded by the European Union Commission
文摘How would the biodiversity of macroalgae modify carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)stocks within a blue carbon habitat?We addressed this knowledge gap by quantifying biomass stocks of macroalgal origins across the seascape of a seagrass meadow.Such information is warranted due to the paucity of data on macroalgal deposits that function as allochthonous inputs into an ecosystem's pool of organic matter.Macroalgae were collected from the Merambong seagrass shoal(Johor,Malaysia)in December 2020 to February 2021.C and N analyses were performed on organic matter,and biomass measurements were upscaled to represent seascape estimates.Stocks of macroalgal origin across the meadow were estimated at 10.71±1.3 Mg C and 0.75±0.11 Mg N.The biodiversity of macroalgae was heterogeneous,which was similarly reflected in taxa-specific variability of up to 44.7%C and 4.9%N.The highest cumulative stocks were contributed by members of Ulvaceae for C and N.Corallinaceae and Lithophyllaceae contributed the highest organic C among the calcifying species.The morphology and habit of the 35 macroalgal species found in the meadow provided indicators of their autochthonous versus allochthonous nature based on benthic or drifting tendencies.Predictors of C and N stocks factored by biodiversity indices were not evident,although Evenness index partially explained it at the spatial level.The spatial model was still able to pinpoint clusters of C and N hotspots across the meadow,allowing management measures for the protection of C reserves while mitigating release of excess N.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2008BAC49B01)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2010CB428705)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40821004)
文摘From 2007 to 2009, large-scale blooms of green algae (the so-called "green tides") occurred every summer in the Yellow Sea, China. In June 2008, huge amounts of floating green algae accumulated along the coast of Qingdao and led to mass mortality of cultured abalone and sea cucumber. However, the mechanism for the mass mortality of cultured animals remains undetermined. This study examined the toxic effects of Ulva (Enteromorpha) prolifera, the causative species of green tides in the Yellow Sea during the last three years. The acute toxicity of fresh culture medium and decomposing algal effluent of U. prolifera to the cultured abalone Haliotis discus hannai were tested. It was found that both fresh culture medium and decomposing algal effluent had toxic effects to abalone, and decomposing algal effluent was more toxic than fresh culture medium. The acute toxicity of decomposing algal effluent could be attributed to the ammonia and sulfide presented in the effluent, as well as the hypoxia caused by the decomposition process.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1402100the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41876137+2 种基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2018SDKJ0505-4the NSFC-Shandong Joint Funded Project under contract No.U1606404the UNDP/GEF YSLME PhaseⅡProject。
文摘The macroalgal blooms of floating brown algae Sargassum horneri are increasing in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea during the past few years.However,the annual pattern of Sargassum bloom is not well characterized.To study the developing pattern and explore the impacts from hydro-meteorologic environment,high resolution satellite imageries were used to monitor the distribution,coverage and drifting of the pelagic Sargassum rafts in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea from September 2019 to August 2020.Sargassum blooms were detected from October 2019 to June 2020 and presented two successive drifting paths that both initiated from around 37°N.The first path spanned smaller spatial scale and shorter period,starting with a bloom of 3 km^(2) distribution area near the eastern tip of Shandong Peninsula in late October 2019 and drifted southwards,hit the Pyropia aquaculture area in early January 2020,then vanished in the northwest of East China Sea(ca.32°N)around end of January.The second path began with a large distribution area of 23000 km^(2) east of 123°E in late January 2020,firstly moved southwards in the central Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea(north of 29°N)till late April,then turned northwards with monsoon wind and vanished from late June to August.The mean sea surface temperature of 8℃ to 20℃ in the Sargassum bloom areas corresponded to in situ observed temperature range for vegetative growth and floating of S.horneri.There was no observed floating Sargassum blooms during July through September in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.The results indicate that floating S.horneri is unable to complete life cycle in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea,and provide insights to the future management of Sargassum blooms.Further studies are needed to validate the pattern and source of annual Sargassum bloom in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.
基金Fisheries Research and Development Corporation(FRDC)(Project No.2014/027)supported funding for this research.Shirin Akter received tuition and living allowance support for her doctoral study from Flinders University Research Scholarship(FURS),Flinders University,South Australia.Shaun Hederson and Maziida Rahman maintained animals and sampled gut contents.
文摘Feed composition affects the gut bacterial community in aquatic species,but little is known about how diet type impacts gut microbiota in molluscan bivalves.This study investigates the impact of feed composition on the gut bacterial community in two commercially important bivalves:Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.Oysters and mussels were fed with two types of marine algae,live Isochrysis galbana(microalgae)and the dried seaweed powder Ulva sp.(macroalgae)under a laboratory condition for two months.The V1–V2 region of the 16S rDNA was sequenced through an Illumina MiSeq platform to compare the gut bacterial community of oysters and mussels at the start and the end of the feeding trial.Feed composition directly impacted both alpha and beta diversities of gut microbiota,but the degree of the impact differed between bivalve species.The difference in the gut bacterial assemblages of oysters and mussels in the pre-and post-feeding trials indicated that the diet type and host species shape the composition of gut bacteria.Spirochaeta was absent in mussel guts during the pre-and post-feeding trials but was present in oysters,revealing host specificity in colonizing gut bacteria.The results suggest that the diet type and host species can significantly impact the gut bacterial community structure.This study confirms that diet can modulate gut microbial composition in marine filter-feeding organisms,but the extent of dietary modulation depends on feed type and host species.
基金the fund (No.2005HS006) of Marine Biotechnology KeyStructure Laboratory,Huaihai Institute of Technology,Lianyungang,China.
文摘Enteromorpha prolifera （Muell.） J. Agardh （Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae）. which is distributed widely in the inter-tidal zone of the ocean, is one of the most common fouling green algae. However, the present understandings of the life history of E. profifera have been insufficient to explain their seasonal abundances. Thus it is essential to investigate how many reproductive strategies are likely to contribute to the successful colonization and flourishing of the green alga. In the present study the reproduction diversity of E. prolifera was observed and studied systematically by culturing chopped tissues. Our results showed that there are in total seven pathways of reproduction for E. prolifera including sexual, asexual and vegetative reproduction, it was indicated that the variety of the reproductive ways and the large quantity of reproductive cells produced and released during the reproductive season are the two key factors that facilitate colonization of E. prolifera. The reproduction of the alga E. prolifera mainly depends on asexual methods. The results presented here contribute to increasing our understanding about how the opportunistic macroalgae successfully maintain colonization and excessive growth.
