Artificial intelligence is a general term that means to accomplish a task mainly by a computer, with the least human beings participation, and it is widely accepted as the invention of robots. With the development of ...Artificial intelligence is a general term that means to accomplish a task mainly by a computer, with the least human beings participation, and it is widely accepted as the invention of robots. With the development of this new technology, artificial intelligence has been one of the most influential information technology revolutions. We searched these English-language studies relative to ophthalmology published on PubMed and Springer databases. The application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology mainly concentrates on the diseases with a high incidence, such as diabetic retinopathy, agerelated macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related or congenital cataract and few with retinal vein occlusion. According to the above studies, we conclude that the sensitivity of detection and accuracy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 91.7%, for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 94.7%, for age-related macular degeneration it ranged from 75% to 100%, for retinopathy of prematurity ranged over 95%, for retinal vein occlusion just one study reported ranged over 97%, for glaucoma ranged 63.7% to 93.1%, and for cataract it achieved a more than 70% similarity against clinical grading.展开更多
Cyanobacteria are constructors of biological soil crusts(BSCs);their motility is thought to be crucial for surviving burial and BSC expansion.In this study,X-ray computed microtomography in combination with machine-le...Cyanobacteria are constructors of biological soil crusts(BSCs);their motility is thought to be crucial for surviving burial and BSC expansion.In this study,X-ray computed microtomography in combination with machine-learning-based image processing was employed to investigate cyanobacteria-dominated BSCs.The structural changes in these BSCs,as well as the behaviors of the dominant cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus therein,in response to changes in water availability and particle burial were visualized and quantitatively analyzed.Hygroscopic swelling of cyanobacteria biomaterials increased pore-network complexity and reduced the porosity and hydraulic radius.Trichomes of M.vaginatus inside BSCs were connected to the surface by tunnel-like structures made of extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs),through which the trichomes migrated to and from the surface in bundles.Despite the generally negative effects of EPSs on hydraulic conductivity,EPS tunnels have the potential to enhance water transfer to the trichomes.Extensive hydration and particle burial led to the spreading migration of individual trichomes,forming netlike structures inside the newly deposited layer.The results highlight the significance of the structural organization of EPSs within BSCs and the importance of cyanobacterial migration in BSC expansion.展开更多
文摘Artificial intelligence is a general term that means to accomplish a task mainly by a computer, with the least human beings participation, and it is widely accepted as the invention of robots. With the development of this new technology, artificial intelligence has been one of the most influential information technology revolutions. We searched these English-language studies relative to ophthalmology published on PubMed and Springer databases. The application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology mainly concentrates on the diseases with a high incidence, such as diabetic retinopathy, agerelated macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related or congenital cataract and few with retinal vein occlusion. According to the above studies, we conclude that the sensitivity of detection and accuracy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 91.7%, for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 94.7%, for age-related macular degeneration it ranged from 75% to 100%, for retinopathy of prematurity ranged over 95%, for retinal vein occlusion just one study reported ranged over 97%, for glaucoma ranged 63.7% to 93.1%, and for cataract it achieved a more than 70% similarity against clinical grading.
基金supported by the Leading Talents in Sci-Technological Innovation Project of“Tianshan Talent”Training Plan of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022TSYCLJ0058)the Youth Talent Training Program of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E328010701)the“Tianshan Talent”Training Program(2023TSYCCX0089).
文摘Cyanobacteria are constructors of biological soil crusts(BSCs);their motility is thought to be crucial for surviving burial and BSC expansion.In this study,X-ray computed microtomography in combination with machine-learning-based image processing was employed to investigate cyanobacteria-dominated BSCs.The structural changes in these BSCs,as well as the behaviors of the dominant cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus therein,in response to changes in water availability and particle burial were visualized and quantitatively analyzed.Hygroscopic swelling of cyanobacteria biomaterials increased pore-network complexity and reduced the porosity and hydraulic radius.Trichomes of M.vaginatus inside BSCs were connected to the surface by tunnel-like structures made of extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs),through which the trichomes migrated to and from the surface in bundles.Despite the generally negative effects of EPSs on hydraulic conductivity,EPS tunnels have the potential to enhance water transfer to the trichomes.Extensive hydration and particle burial led to the spreading migration of individual trichomes,forming netlike structures inside the newly deposited layer.The results highlight the significance of the structural organization of EPSs within BSCs and the importance of cyanobacterial migration in BSC expansion.
