The base layer constructed by cement-stabilized macadam(CSM)has been widely used in highway construction due to its low elasticity deformation and high carrying capacity.As a bearing layer,the CSM base is not exempt f...The base layer constructed by cement-stabilized macadam(CSM)has been widely used in highway construction due to its low elasticity deformation and high carrying capacity.As a bearing layer,the CSM base is not exempt from fatigue cracking under cyclic loading in the service process.Cracks in the base will create irreversible structural and functional deficiencies,such as the potential for reflective cracking of subsequently placed asphalt concrete overlays.The fracture of the base will shorten the service life of the pavement.The quality of the CSM base is directly related to the bearing capacity and integrity of the whole pavement structure.It is of practical significance to further study the fatigue failure behavior of CSM material for the long-term performance of the pavement.The CSM material is a typical heterogeneous multiphase composite.On the mesoscale,CSM consists of aggregate,cement mortar,pores,and the interface transitional zone(ITZ).On the microscale,the hardened mortar contains a large number of capillary pores,unhydrated particles,hydrated crystals,etc.,which makes the spatial distribution of its material properties stochastic.In addition,cement hydration,dry shrinkage,and temperature shrinkage can also produce micro-crack defects in cement mortar.These microcracks will have crossscale evolution under load,resulting in structural fracture.Macroscopic complex deformation and mechanical response are the reflections of its microscopic and even mesoscale composition and structure.This study summarized the existing studies on the mesoscopic properties of CSM materials,respectively from the three aspects of mesostructure,structural characterization,and mesoscale fatigue damage analysis,to help the development of long-life pavement.The future research direction is to explore the mesoscale characteristics of CSM using multiscale representation and analysis methods,to establish the connection between mesoscale characteristics and macroscopic mechanical properties.展开更多
This review evaluated research results on polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement-stabilized macadam(PVA-FCSM)to further improve the long-term durability of road structures and promote its in-depth study and high-quality appli...This review evaluated research results on polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement-stabilized macadam(PVA-FCSM)to further improve the long-term durability of road structures and promote its in-depth study and high-quality application.The suitable PVA fiber technical indexes for ordinary cement-stabilized macadam(CSM)were recommended.The difference in the mechanical properties between CSM and PVA-FCSM was described.The extent to which PVA fibers enhance the durability of CSM were clarified.Additionally,the mechanism of enhancement of CSM by PVA fibers was revealed.Finally,the performance of each type of fiber cement-stabilized macadam(FCSM)was compared and evaluated.The results indicated that the suggested PVA fiber length and content for CSM were 12-30 mm and 0.6-1.2 kg/m^(3),respectively.At different ages,the mean degree of improvement in the unconfined compressive strength was 14%,20%,and 14%,that in the compressive resilience modulus was 8%,11%,and 6%,and that in the splitting strength was 29%,15%,and 22%,respectively.At different ages,the mean degree of decreased in the dry shrinkage coefficient was 21%,16%,and 15%and that in the temperature shrinkage coefficient(20℃-30℃)was 23%,23%,and 18%,respectively.The coefficients increased with extended curing age.Moreover,at the same stress level,PVA-FCSM has a higher fatigue life compared to CSM.The bridging effect,high strength,and high modulus of PVA fiber enhance the strength and anti-cracking of CSM.The recommended fiber type for CSM is PVA fiber.展开更多
Data transmission with RGB LEDs is attracting significant research interest in VLC(Visible Light Communication).We consider the power optimization under brightness and communication requirements for RGB LEDs,and model...Data transmission with RGB LEDs is attracting significant research interest in VLC(Visible Light Communication).We consider the power optimization under brightness and communication requirements for RGB LEDs,and model the color constraint using the MacAdam ellipse instead of a fixed point in the chromaticity diagram.Then an optimization problem is formulated to determine the transmission power consumption and the corresponding coordinates in the chromaticity diagram.We propose a novel two-step algorithm to solve the optimization problem with lower implementation complexity.Numerical results show that the proposed approach shows the same performance as the optimal solution using a brute-force method,and requires the lower power consumption using MacAdam ellipse instead of merely a fixed point in the chromaticity diagram.展开更多
With the vigorous development of China's transportation industry,the mileage of high-grade highways based on semi rigid base layers has been increasing year by year.However,the commonly used material for semi rigi...With the vigorous development of China's transportation industry,the mileage of high-grade highways based on semi rigid base layers has been increasing year by year.However,the commonly used material for semi rigid base layers,cement stabilized crushed stone mixture(hereinafter referred to as water stabilized mixture),often experiences segregation during mixing,transportation,and paving.Separation of water stabilized mixture can greatly reduce the service life of roads and cause damage to people's property,the traditional separation detection method that relies on manual experience has problems of low detection efficiency and low recognition accuracy.In order to solve these problems and assist in the modernization of road construction,this article proposes a separation recognition method for water stabilized mixtures based on deep learning.Firstly,a database of segregation diseases of water stabilized mixture was built.Secondly,the control tests were set up by standard fine-tuning and feature extraction,and four different optimizers were set up respectively.By comparing accuracy,loss,precision,recall and F1-score at the end of the pre-trained network,the overall recognition effect of ResNet-101 as the network model was better.Thirdly,the ResNet-101 model was optimized by SpotTune,replacing cross entropy loss with focus loss,adding PReLU to the pre-trained network and a BN layer to the top layer of the pre-trained network,and using 1×1.Convolutional replacement of the fully connected layer.Finally,build a web side water stabilized mixture segregation recognition platform,and its stability was verified in practical engineering.展开更多
基金sponsored by the projects found by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.51978163 and Grant No.52208439the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BK20200468+4 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.SJCX22_0063the Jiangsu Transportation Science and Technology and Achievement Transformation Project under Grant No.2020Y19-1(1)Key S&T Project of Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China(2021-ZD1-004)the Scientific Research Program Project of Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission(JT2021-KY-016)which the authors are very grateful.
文摘The base layer constructed by cement-stabilized macadam(CSM)has been widely used in highway construction due to its low elasticity deformation and high carrying capacity.As a bearing layer,the CSM base is not exempt from fatigue cracking under cyclic loading in the service process.Cracks in the base will create irreversible structural and functional deficiencies,such as the potential for reflective cracking of subsequently placed asphalt concrete overlays.The fracture of the base will shorten the service life of the pavement.The quality of the CSM base is directly related to the bearing capacity and integrity of the whole pavement structure.It is of practical significance to further study the fatigue failure behavior of CSM material for the long-term performance of the pavement.The CSM material is a typical heterogeneous multiphase composite.On the mesoscale,CSM consists of aggregate,cement mortar,pores,and the interface transitional zone(ITZ).On the microscale,the hardened mortar contains a large number of capillary pores,unhydrated particles,hydrated crystals,etc.,which makes the spatial distribution of its material properties stochastic.In addition,cement hydration,dry shrinkage,and temperature shrinkage can also produce micro-crack defects in cement mortar.These microcracks will have crossscale evolution under load,resulting in structural fracture.Macroscopic complex deformation and mechanical response are the reflections of its microscopic and even mesoscale composition and structure.This study summarized the existing studies on the mesoscopic properties of CSM materials,respectively from the three aspects of mesostructure,structural characterization,and mesoscale fatigue damage analysis,to help the development of long-life pavement.The future research direction is to explore the mesoscale characteristics of CSM using multiscale representation and analysis methods,to establish the connection between mesoscale characteristics and macroscopic mechanical properties.
基金supported by the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(No.2022TD-07)。
文摘This review evaluated research results on polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement-stabilized macadam(PVA-FCSM)to further improve the long-term durability of road structures and promote its in-depth study and high-quality application.The suitable PVA fiber technical indexes for ordinary cement-stabilized macadam(CSM)were recommended.The difference in the mechanical properties between CSM and PVA-FCSM was described.The extent to which PVA fibers enhance the durability of CSM were clarified.Additionally,the mechanism of enhancement of CSM by PVA fibers was revealed.Finally,the performance of each type of fiber cement-stabilized macadam(FCSM)was compared and evaluated.The results indicated that the suggested PVA fiber length and content for CSM were 12-30 mm and 0.6-1.2 kg/m^(3),respectively.At different ages,the mean degree of improvement in the unconfined compressive strength was 14%,20%,and 14%,that in the compressive resilience modulus was 8%,11%,and 6%,and that in the splitting strength was 29%,15%,and 22%,respectively.At different ages,the mean degree of decreased in the dry shrinkage coefficient was 21%,16%,and 15%and that in the temperature shrinkage coefficient(20℃-30℃)was 23%,23%,and 18%,respectively.The coefficients increased with extended curing age.Moreover,at the same stress level,PVA-FCSM has a higher fatigue life compared to CSM.The bridging effect,high strength,and high modulus of PVA fiber enhance the strength and anti-cracking of CSM.The recommended fiber type for CSM is PVA fiber.
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB329201)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61631018)+2 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(No.QYZDY-SSWJSC003),Key Project in Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(No.2014B010119001)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(No.1108170036003286)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Data transmission with RGB LEDs is attracting significant research interest in VLC(Visible Light Communication).We consider the power optimization under brightness and communication requirements for RGB LEDs,and model the color constraint using the MacAdam ellipse instead of a fixed point in the chromaticity diagram.Then an optimization problem is formulated to determine the transmission power consumption and the corresponding coordinates in the chromaticity diagram.We propose a novel two-step algorithm to solve the optimization problem with lower implementation complexity.Numerical results show that the proposed approach shows the same performance as the optimal solution using a brute-force method,and requires the lower power consumption using MacAdam ellipse instead of merely a fixed point in the chromaticity diagram.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.52008154,to which the authors are very grateful.
文摘With the vigorous development of China's transportation industry,the mileage of high-grade highways based on semi rigid base layers has been increasing year by year.However,the commonly used material for semi rigid base layers,cement stabilized crushed stone mixture(hereinafter referred to as water stabilized mixture),often experiences segregation during mixing,transportation,and paving.Separation of water stabilized mixture can greatly reduce the service life of roads and cause damage to people's property,the traditional separation detection method that relies on manual experience has problems of low detection efficiency and low recognition accuracy.In order to solve these problems and assist in the modernization of road construction,this article proposes a separation recognition method for water stabilized mixtures based on deep learning.Firstly,a database of segregation diseases of water stabilized mixture was built.Secondly,the control tests were set up by standard fine-tuning and feature extraction,and four different optimizers were set up respectively.By comparing accuracy,loss,precision,recall and F1-score at the end of the pre-trained network,the overall recognition effect of ResNet-101 as the network model was better.Thirdly,the ResNet-101 model was optimized by SpotTune,replacing cross entropy loss with focus loss,adding PReLU to the pre-trained network and a BN layer to the top layer of the pre-trained network,and using 1×1.Convolutional replacement of the fully connected layer.Finally,build a web side water stabilized mixture segregation recognition platform,and its stability was verified in practical engineering.
