Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in eukaryotic cells,containing their own genome and transcriptional machinery.However,their functions are intricately linked to proteins encoded by the nuclear genom...Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in eukaryotic cells,containing their own genome and transcriptional machinery.However,their functions are intricately linked to proteins encoded by the nuclear genome.Mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERFs)are nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in RNA splicing and transcription termination within plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.Despite their recognized importance,the specific roles of mTERF proteins in maize remain largely unexplored.Here,we clone and functionally characterize the maize mTERF18 gene.Our findings reveal that mTERF18 mutations lead to severely undifferentiated embryos,resulting in abortive phenotypes.Early kernel exhibits abnormal basal endosperm transfer layer and a significant reduction in both starch and protein accumulation in mterf18.We identify the mTERF18 gene through mapping-based cloning and validate this gene through allelic tests.mTERF18 is widely expressed across various maize tissues and encodes a highly conserved mitochondrial protein.Transcriptome data reveal that mTERF18 mutations disrupt transcriptional termination of the nad6 gene,leading to undetectable levels of Nad6 protein and reduced complex I assembly and activity.Furthermore,transmission electron microscopy observation of mterf18 endosperm uncover severe mitochondrial defects.Collectively,these findings highlight the critical role of mTERF18 in mitochondrial gene transcription termination and its pivotal impact on maize kernel development.展开更多
Abiotic stresses at different growth stages in the life of plants negatively affect yield productivity.Therefore,plants,including Amaranthus hypochondriacus,develop adaptive strategies to face the stresses and expand ...Abiotic stresses at different growth stages in the life of plants negatively affect yield productivity.Therefore,plants,including Amaranthus hypochondriacus,develop adaptive strategies to face the stresses and expand functional diversification.In plants,the mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERF)are essential functions in regulation,and organelles(mitochondria and chloroplasts)control gene expression(OGE)under several stress conditions.Based on the in-silico-wide genome and transcriptome analysis,twenty-four mTERF genes were detected in the main targeted mitochondria organelles clustered into three different main groups.The chromosomal location and gene duplication analysis indicated one segmental and one tandem duplication in the genome.The promoter region cis-elements assessment showed that there wasa high correlation between the growth and development process,stress,and hormone responses of these genes.Expression profiling of mTERF genes under salt stress revealed a total number of 24 gene families with seven upregulated and 6 down-regulated genes in drought and salt stress.However,Ah-mTERF-8 and 14 indicated up-regulation under drought stress.Ah-mTERF-4,6,14,15,17,and 20 were up-regulated under salt stress.Molecular characterization and identification through the in-silico study of the specific genes and their differential expression profiling demonstrated the role of mTERF proteins throughout their reaction to growth and development,during stress in A.hypochondriacus.These results demonstrated that mTERF genes were significantly related to the abiotic stress responses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222060)Anhui Agricultural University(RC422404)to J.Y.
文摘Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in eukaryotic cells,containing their own genome and transcriptional machinery.However,their functions are intricately linked to proteins encoded by the nuclear genome.Mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERFs)are nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in RNA splicing and transcription termination within plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.Despite their recognized importance,the specific roles of mTERF proteins in maize remain largely unexplored.Here,we clone and functionally characterize the maize mTERF18 gene.Our findings reveal that mTERF18 mutations lead to severely undifferentiated embryos,resulting in abortive phenotypes.Early kernel exhibits abnormal basal endosperm transfer layer and a significant reduction in both starch and protein accumulation in mterf18.We identify the mTERF18 gene through mapping-based cloning and validate this gene through allelic tests.mTERF18 is widely expressed across various maize tissues and encodes a highly conserved mitochondrial protein.Transcriptome data reveal that mTERF18 mutations disrupt transcriptional termination of the nad6 gene,leading to undetectable levels of Nad6 protein and reduced complex I assembly and activity.Furthermore,transmission electron microscopy observation of mterf18 endosperm uncover severe mitochondrial defects.Collectively,these findings highlight the critical role of mTERF18 in mitochondrial gene transcription termination and its pivotal impact on maize kernel development.
文摘Abiotic stresses at different growth stages in the life of plants negatively affect yield productivity.Therefore,plants,including Amaranthus hypochondriacus,develop adaptive strategies to face the stresses and expand functional diversification.In plants,the mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERF)are essential functions in regulation,and organelles(mitochondria and chloroplasts)control gene expression(OGE)under several stress conditions.Based on the in-silico-wide genome and transcriptome analysis,twenty-four mTERF genes were detected in the main targeted mitochondria organelles clustered into three different main groups.The chromosomal location and gene duplication analysis indicated one segmental and one tandem duplication in the genome.The promoter region cis-elements assessment showed that there wasa high correlation between the growth and development process,stress,and hormone responses of these genes.Expression profiling of mTERF genes under salt stress revealed a total number of 24 gene families with seven upregulated and 6 down-regulated genes in drought and salt stress.However,Ah-mTERF-8 and 14 indicated up-regulation under drought stress.Ah-mTERF-4,6,14,15,17,and 20 were up-regulated under salt stress.Molecular characterization and identification through the in-silico study of the specific genes and their differential expression profiling demonstrated the role of mTERF proteins throughout their reaction to growth and development,during stress in A.hypochondriacus.These results demonstrated that mTERF genes were significantly related to the abiotic stress responses.
