Dear Editor,Lung cancer is a major global health concern,with 2.2 million patients diagnosed in 2020.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for 80%of these cases,primarily comprising two subtypes:lung adenocarcinom...Dear Editor,Lung cancer is a major global health concern,with 2.2 million patients diagnosed in 2020.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for 80%of these cases,primarily comprising two subtypes:lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)and squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)[1].Researchers use immunohisto-chemistry,next-generation sequencing,and single-cell RNA sequencing to study genetic alterations,tumor heterogeneity,and tumor microenvironments,aiming to identify potential therapeutic options for specific NSCLC subtypes[2].展开更多
目的:通过双向两样本MR方法探讨皮肌炎(Dermatomyositis, DM)、免疫细胞与肺癌(Lung cancer, LC)之间的因果关系,验证免疫细胞在其中起到的中介作用。方法:使用双向双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian Randomization, MR)法分析DM与LC及其各...目的:通过双向两样本MR方法探讨皮肌炎(Dermatomyositis, DM)、免疫细胞与肺癌(Lung cancer, LC)之间的因果关系,验证免疫细胞在其中起到的中介作用。方法:使用双向双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian Randomization, MR)法分析DM与LC及其各种亚型的因果关系,通过两步法MR探讨免疫细胞在DM与LC及各种亚型之间是否起到中介作用。使用MR-Egger截距法和MR-PRESSO法检查有无水平多效性,Cochran’s Q检查有无异质性。结果:根据MR分析结果,DM会增加患小细胞肺癌(Small cell lung cancer, SCLC)和肺腺癌(Lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD)的风险。38种免疫细胞表型与LC密切相关。其中,效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在CD8+ T细胞中所占的百分比、静息CD4调节性T细胞上CD25的表达水平、IgD− CD38+ B细胞的绝对计数、效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在T细胞中所占的百分比,以及CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14低表达细胞上CD45的表达水平,都参与介导了DM与LUAD以及小细胞肺癌SCLC之间的因果关系。结论:我们的研究结果表明,DM患者并发LUAD和SCLC发生风险将显著增加。此外,我们发现五种免疫细胞性状(效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在CD8+ T细胞中所占的百分比、静息CD4调节性T细胞上CD25的表达水平、IgD− CD38+ B细胞的绝对计数、效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在T细胞中所占的百分比,以及CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14低表达细胞上CD45的表达水平)在DM患者并发LC中的发病过程中起到重要作用。针对这些免疫细胞性状的深入研究将进一步明确DM导致LC风险升高的病理生理机制。Objective: To explore the causal relationships among dermatomyositis (DM), immune cells, and lung cancer (LC) through the bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method, and to verify the mediating role of immune cells in this process. Methods: The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to analyze the causal relationships between DM and LC as well as its various subtypes. The two-step MR method was applied to explore whether immune cells played a mediating role between DM and LC and its various subtypes. The MR-Egger intercept method and the MR-PRESSO method were used to check for horizontal pleiotropy, and Cochran’s Q test was used to check for heterogeneity. Results: According to the results of the MR analysis, DM increases the risk of developing small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). 38 immune cell characteristics were closely related to LC. Among them, the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in CD8+ T cells, the expression level of CD25 on resting CD4 regulatory T cells, the absolute count of IgD− CD38+ B cells, the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in T cells, and the expression level of CD45 on CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14 low-expression cells all participated in mediating the causal relationships between DM and LUAD as well as SCLC. Conclusion: Our research results indicate that the risk of developing LUAD and SCLC in patients with DM will increase significantly. In addition, we found that five immune cell traits (the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in CD8+ T cells, the expression level of CD25 on resting CD4 regulatory T cells, the absolute count of IgD− CD38+ B cells, the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in T cells, and the expression level of CD45 on CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14 low-expression cells) play an important role in the pathogenesis of LC in patients with DM. In-depth research on these immune cell traits will further clarify the pathophysiological mechanism by which DM leads to an increased risk of LC.展开更多
目的:利用生物信息学和免疫组化方法分析YTHDF1和YTHDF2在肺鳞癌(lung squamous cell carcinoma,LUSC)组织中的表达水平及临床意义。方法:利用TCGA数据库对LUSC中YTHDF1和YTHDF2的表达和相关性进行分析。通过基因集富集分析(gene set en...目的:利用生物信息学和免疫组化方法分析YTHDF1和YTHDF2在肺鳞癌(lung squamous cell carcinoma,LUSC)组织中的表达水平及临床意义。方法:利用TCGA数据库对LUSC中YTHDF1和YTHDF2的表达和相关性进行分析。通过基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)揭示YTHDF1和YTHDF2可能涉及的生物学功能和信号通路。最后采用免疫组化方法证实YTHDF1和YTHDF2在LUSC组织样本中的表达,探讨YTHDF1和YTHDF2表达水平与病理特征的关系,并用统计学方法分析其与PD-L1的相关性。结果:(1)YTHDF1和YTHDF2在LUSC组织中均高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);(2)YTHDF1与T分期、肿瘤分期存在相关性(P<0.05);(3)年龄是影响LUSC患者总生存期(over all survival,OS)的独立危险因素,YTHDF1表达量与T分期是影响疾病特异生存期(disease specific survival,DSS)的独立危险因素;(4)YTHDF1和YTHDF2高表达LUSC患者的基因富集主要在治疗靶点上通路上;在低表达YTHDF1和YTHDF2组中,基因富集在免疫活性相关方面。(5)YTHDF2与PD-L1表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:YTHDF1和YTHDF2的表达水平可能影响LUSC免疫微环境,同时也提示了其可能是LUSC免疫治疗的潜在靶点和生物标志物。展开更多
Background:Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide,but studies have shown that the higher the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the more ...Background:Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide,but studies have shown that the higher the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the more likely it will benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.The purpose of our study was to collect and analyze abundant clinical samples in order to provide evidence for clinicians and patients who might consider anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy while jointly formulating treatment plans.Methods:On the one hand,we obtained cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,including 498 lung squamous cell cancer(LUSC)patients and 515 lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients.We studied the lung caner driver gene in LUSC and LUAD.On the other hand,PD-L1 expression was detected in lung cancer tissues of 1,008 NSCLC patients with immunohistochemistry staining(IHC),and we studied the correlation between PD-L1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics.Results:PD-L1 expression was higher in LUSC than in LUAD at the mRNA level.In univariate analysis,PD-L1 expression at the protein level was higher in patients who were males,were LUSC,were smokers,had a tumor diameter>3 cm,had poor differentiation,or had stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease.In multivariate analysis,PD-L1 expression was higher in patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.Conclusion:In term of protein level,PD-L1 expression was higher in NSCLC patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.We recommend that PD-L1 IHC detection can be routinely performed in such populations that are likely to benefit most from PD-L1 immunotherapy.展开更多
Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy,and fatalities of the disease exceed 400,000 cases worldwide.Lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)has been recognized as the most common pathological form of lung cancer.The comprehe...Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy,and fatalities of the disease exceed 400,000 cases worldwide.Lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)has been recognized as the most common pathological form of lung cancer.The comprehensive understanding of molecular features related to LUSC progression has great significance in LUSC prognosis assessment and clinical management.In this study,we aim to identify a panel of signature genes closely associated with LUSC,which can provide novel insights into the progression of LUSC.Gene expression profiles were retrieved from public resources including gene expression omnibus(GEO)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between LUSC specimens and normal lung tissues were identified by bioinformatics analyses.A total of 66 DEGs were identified based on two cohorts of data.CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape software was utilized for the further analyses of the top 10 candidate hub genes including OGN,ABI3BP,MAMDC2,FGF7,FAM107A,SPARCL1,DCN,COL14A1,and MFAP4 and CHRDL1,which showed significant downregulation in LUSC.Two LUSC cell lines were used to validate the functions of CHRDL1 and FAM107A through overexpression experiment.Together,our data revealed novel candidate tumor-suppressor genes in LUSC,suggesting previously unappreciated mechanisms in the progression of LUSC.展开更多
Background:Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has a poor prognosis with a low 5-year survival rate.Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)accounts for 50%.Facio-genital dysplasia-5(FGD5),a member of a subfamily of Rho GTPGDP exchange...Background:Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has a poor prognosis with a low 5-year survival rate.Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)accounts for 50%.Facio-genital dysplasia-5(FGD5),a member of a subfamily of Rho GTPGDP exchange factors,may be a good molecular biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.Objective:To explore the clinical application of FGD5,the study was designed to investigate the prognosis value of FGD5 expression and its correlation with immune infiltrates in LUAD patients.Methods:Through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression,the correlation between clinical characteristics and FGD5 expression was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis,Cox regression,and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve were constructed to evaluate the influence of FGD5 on prognosis.The function of FGD5 in lung cancer was analyzed using Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)and Single Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(ssGSEA).Results:Compared to normal tissues,FGD5 was downregulated in LUAD.FGD5 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of lung cancer for its association with improved overall survival(OS),progression-free interval(PFI),and disease-specific survival(DSS)in LUAD.Results of functional analysis suggested that FGD5 was involved in the immune response for its association with immune infiltration.Conclusion:FGD5 may be a significant molecular biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis,presenting as an independent prognostic risk factor for LUAD.展开更多
利用SUPPA(a super-fast pipeline for alternative splicing)软件分析癌症基因组数据库癌基因组图谱中肺腺癌和肺鳞癌样本的RNA-Seq数据,发现在鉴定的7种主要可变剪接转录本中外显子跳跃转录本发生频率最高.通过癌组织与癌旁组织的比较...利用SUPPA(a super-fast pipeline for alternative splicing)软件分析癌症基因组数据库癌基因组图谱中肺腺癌和肺鳞癌样本的RNA-Seq数据,发现在鉴定的7种主要可变剪接转录本中外显子跳跃转录本发生频率最高.通过癌组织与癌旁组织的比较,系统地鉴定了肺腺癌和肺鳞癌中差异表达的可变剪接转录本,发现约60%的差异可变剪接转录本是两种肺癌亚型所共有的.功能富集分析表明,癌组织特异的可变剪接转录本主要富集在细胞周期调控、脱氧核糖核酸代谢和核糖核酸代谢等生物过程中,而癌旁组织特异的可变剪接转录本则主要富集在囊泡介导转运、多肽转运和脂质转运等生物过程中.通过肺癌驱动基因可变剪接转录本的比较分析,鉴定了两种肺癌亚型共有或特有的可能具有癌驱动功能的可变剪接转录本.展开更多
With the rapid advancements in second-generation gene sequencing technologies,a growing number of driver genes and associated therapeutic targets have been unveiled for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)and lung squamous cell ...With the rapid advancements in second-generation gene sequencing technologies,a growing number of driver genes and associated therapeutic targets have been unveiled for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)and lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC).While they are clinically classified as non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),they display distinct genomic features and substantial variations in clinical efficacy,underscoring the need for particular attention.Hence,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in driver genes,epigenetic targets,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy for LUAD and LUSC.Additionally,it delves into the distinctions in signaling pathways and pivotal facets of clinical management specific to these two categories of lung cancer.Moreover,we furnish pertinent details regarding clinical trials pertaining to driver genes and epigenetics,thus establishing a theoretical foundation for the realization of precision treatments for LUAD and LUSC.展开更多
基金support through Manipal University Jaipur for the Enhanced Seed Grant under the Endowment Fund(Grant No.E3/2023-24/QE-04-05).
文摘Dear Editor,Lung cancer is a major global health concern,with 2.2 million patients diagnosed in 2020.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for 80%of these cases,primarily comprising two subtypes:lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)and squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)[1].Researchers use immunohisto-chemistry,next-generation sequencing,and single-cell RNA sequencing to study genetic alterations,tumor heterogeneity,and tumor microenvironments,aiming to identify potential therapeutic options for specific NSCLC subtypes[2].
文摘目的:通过双向两样本MR方法探讨皮肌炎(Dermatomyositis, DM)、免疫细胞与肺癌(Lung cancer, LC)之间的因果关系,验证免疫细胞在其中起到的中介作用。方法:使用双向双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian Randomization, MR)法分析DM与LC及其各种亚型的因果关系,通过两步法MR探讨免疫细胞在DM与LC及各种亚型之间是否起到中介作用。使用MR-Egger截距法和MR-PRESSO法检查有无水平多效性,Cochran’s Q检查有无异质性。结果:根据MR分析结果,DM会增加患小细胞肺癌(Small cell lung cancer, SCLC)和肺腺癌(Lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD)的风险。38种免疫细胞表型与LC密切相关。其中,效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在CD8+ T细胞中所占的百分比、静息CD4调节性T细胞上CD25的表达水平、IgD− CD38+ B细胞的绝对计数、效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在T细胞中所占的百分比,以及CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14低表达细胞上CD45的表达水平,都参与介导了DM与LUAD以及小细胞肺癌SCLC之间的因果关系。结论:我们的研究结果表明,DM患者并发LUAD和SCLC发生风险将显著增加。此外,我们发现五种免疫细胞性状(效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在CD8+ T细胞中所占的百分比、静息CD4调节性T细胞上CD25的表达水平、IgD− CD38+ B细胞的绝对计数、效应记忆CD8+ T细胞在T细胞中所占的百分比,以及CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14低表达细胞上CD45的表达水平)在DM患者并发LC中的发病过程中起到重要作用。针对这些免疫细胞性状的深入研究将进一步明确DM导致LC风险升高的病理生理机制。Objective: To explore the causal relationships among dermatomyositis (DM), immune cells, and lung cancer (LC) through the bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method, and to verify the mediating role of immune cells in this process. Methods: The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to analyze the causal relationships between DM and LC as well as its various subtypes. The two-step MR method was applied to explore whether immune cells played a mediating role between DM and LC and its various subtypes. The MR-Egger intercept method and the MR-PRESSO method were used to check for horizontal pleiotropy, and Cochran’s Q test was used to check for heterogeneity. Results: According to the results of the MR analysis, DM increases the risk of developing small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). 38 immune cell characteristics were closely related to LC. Among them, the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in CD8+ T cells, the expression level of CD25 on resting CD4 regulatory T cells, the absolute count of IgD− CD38+ B cells, the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in T cells, and the expression level of CD45 on CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14 low-expression cells all participated in mediating the causal relationships between DM and LUAD as well as SCLC. Conclusion: Our research results indicate that the risk of developing LUAD and SCLC in patients with DM will increase significantly. In addition, we found that five immune cell traits (the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in CD8+ T cells, the expression level of CD25 on resting CD4 regulatory T cells, the absolute count of IgD− CD38+ B cells, the percentage of effector memory CD8+ T cells in T cells, and the expression level of CD45 on CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14 low-expression cells) play an important role in the pathogenesis of LC in patients with DM. In-depth research on these immune cell traits will further clarify the pathophysiological mechanism by which DM leads to an increased risk of LC.
文摘目的:利用生物信息学和免疫组化方法分析YTHDF1和YTHDF2在肺鳞癌(lung squamous cell carcinoma,LUSC)组织中的表达水平及临床意义。方法:利用TCGA数据库对LUSC中YTHDF1和YTHDF2的表达和相关性进行分析。通过基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)揭示YTHDF1和YTHDF2可能涉及的生物学功能和信号通路。最后采用免疫组化方法证实YTHDF1和YTHDF2在LUSC组织样本中的表达,探讨YTHDF1和YTHDF2表达水平与病理特征的关系,并用统计学方法分析其与PD-L1的相关性。结果:(1)YTHDF1和YTHDF2在LUSC组织中均高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);(2)YTHDF1与T分期、肿瘤分期存在相关性(P<0.05);(3)年龄是影响LUSC患者总生存期(over all survival,OS)的独立危险因素,YTHDF1表达量与T分期是影响疾病特异生存期(disease specific survival,DSS)的独立危险因素;(4)YTHDF1和YTHDF2高表达LUSC患者的基因富集主要在治疗靶点上通路上;在低表达YTHDF1和YTHDF2组中,基因富集在免疫活性相关方面。(5)YTHDF2与PD-L1表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:YTHDF1和YTHDF2的表达水平可能影响LUSC免疫微环境,同时也提示了其可能是LUSC免疫治疗的潜在靶点和生物标志物。
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(Grant 2021zzts1026).
文摘Background:Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide,but studies have shown that the higher the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the more likely it will benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.The purpose of our study was to collect and analyze abundant clinical samples in order to provide evidence for clinicians and patients who might consider anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy while jointly formulating treatment plans.Methods:On the one hand,we obtained cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,including 498 lung squamous cell cancer(LUSC)patients and 515 lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients.We studied the lung caner driver gene in LUSC and LUAD.On the other hand,PD-L1 expression was detected in lung cancer tissues of 1,008 NSCLC patients with immunohistochemistry staining(IHC),and we studied the correlation between PD-L1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics.Results:PD-L1 expression was higher in LUSC than in LUAD at the mRNA level.In univariate analysis,PD-L1 expression at the protein level was higher in patients who were males,were LUSC,were smokers,had a tumor diameter>3 cm,had poor differentiation,or had stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease.In multivariate analysis,PD-L1 expression was higher in patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.Conclusion:In term of protein level,PD-L1 expression was higher in NSCLC patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation.We recommend that PD-L1 IHC detection can be routinely performed in such populations that are likely to benefit most from PD-L1 immunotherapy.
基金Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province,Provincial Basic Research Program(Kunkun-Medical Joint Special Project),202101AY070001-134Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,Yunnan Provincial Gerontology Research Center,202102AA310069Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Kunming Medical University Basic Research Joint Special Key Project,202201AY070001-136.
文摘Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy,and fatalities of the disease exceed 400,000 cases worldwide.Lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)has been recognized as the most common pathological form of lung cancer.The comprehensive understanding of molecular features related to LUSC progression has great significance in LUSC prognosis assessment and clinical management.In this study,we aim to identify a panel of signature genes closely associated with LUSC,which can provide novel insights into the progression of LUSC.Gene expression profiles were retrieved from public resources including gene expression omnibus(GEO)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between LUSC specimens and normal lung tissues were identified by bioinformatics analyses.A total of 66 DEGs were identified based on two cohorts of data.CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape software was utilized for the further analyses of the top 10 candidate hub genes including OGN,ABI3BP,MAMDC2,FGF7,FAM107A,SPARCL1,DCN,COL14A1,and MFAP4 and CHRDL1,which showed significant downregulation in LUSC.Two LUSC cell lines were used to validate the functions of CHRDL1 and FAM107A through overexpression experiment.Together,our data revealed novel candidate tumor-suppressor genes in LUSC,suggesting previously unappreciated mechanisms in the progression of LUSC.
文摘Background:Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has a poor prognosis with a low 5-year survival rate.Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)accounts for 50%.Facio-genital dysplasia-5(FGD5),a member of a subfamily of Rho GTPGDP exchange factors,may be a good molecular biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.Objective:To explore the clinical application of FGD5,the study was designed to investigate the prognosis value of FGD5 expression and its correlation with immune infiltrates in LUAD patients.Methods:Through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression,the correlation between clinical characteristics and FGD5 expression was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis,Cox regression,and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve were constructed to evaluate the influence of FGD5 on prognosis.The function of FGD5 in lung cancer was analyzed using Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)and Single Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(ssGSEA).Results:Compared to normal tissues,FGD5 was downregulated in LUAD.FGD5 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of lung cancer for its association with improved overall survival(OS),progression-free interval(PFI),and disease-specific survival(DSS)in LUAD.Results of functional analysis suggested that FGD5 was involved in the immune response for its association with immune infiltration.Conclusion:FGD5 may be a significant molecular biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis,presenting as an independent prognostic risk factor for LUAD.
文摘利用SUPPA(a super-fast pipeline for alternative splicing)软件分析癌症基因组数据库癌基因组图谱中肺腺癌和肺鳞癌样本的RNA-Seq数据,发现在鉴定的7种主要可变剪接转录本中外显子跳跃转录本发生频率最高.通过癌组织与癌旁组织的比较,系统地鉴定了肺腺癌和肺鳞癌中差异表达的可变剪接转录本,发现约60%的差异可变剪接转录本是两种肺癌亚型所共有的.功能富集分析表明,癌组织特异的可变剪接转录本主要富集在细胞周期调控、脱氧核糖核酸代谢和核糖核酸代谢等生物过程中,而癌旁组织特异的可变剪接转录本则主要富集在囊泡介导转运、多肽转运和脂质转运等生物过程中.通过肺癌驱动基因可变剪接转录本的比较分析,鉴定了两种肺癌亚型共有或特有的可能具有癌驱动功能的可变剪接转录本.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ50013)the Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,China(No.2022ZK4052)the Independent Exploration and Innovation Project for Graduate Students of Central South University(No.2024ZZTS0286).
文摘With the rapid advancements in second-generation gene sequencing technologies,a growing number of driver genes and associated therapeutic targets have been unveiled for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)and lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC).While they are clinically classified as non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),they display distinct genomic features and substantial variations in clinical efficacy,underscoring the need for particular attention.Hence,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in driver genes,epigenetic targets,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy for LUAD and LUSC.Additionally,it delves into the distinctions in signaling pathways and pivotal facets of clinical management specific to these two categories of lung cancer.Moreover,we furnish pertinent details regarding clinical trials pertaining to driver genes and epigenetics,thus establishing a theoretical foundation for the realization of precision treatments for LUAD and LUSC.
