According to Chinese daylighting climate data,combined with the standard of Commission Inernationale de l'Eclairgae(CIE) general sky luminance distribution(SLD),the sky luminance distribution of typical daylightin...According to Chinese daylighting climate data,combined with the standard of Commission Inernationale de l'Eclairgae(CIE) general sky luminance distribution(SLD),the sky luminance distribution of typical daylighting climate zones in China was studied.Through the research on reference SLD of overcast,intermediate and clear types,the standards of clear and overcast SLD are consistent with CIE general sky,and the intermediate SLD has greater error with CIE general sky.The main types of Chinese sky luminance in different daylighting climate zones were obtained,which provide the basic data for simulation and forecast of China natural light,and provide reference for using the standard amendments of China future natural light.展开更多
An increase in luminance of a polymer light-emitting diode(PLED) was obtained by fabricating a graded doping structure using a vacuum spray method. The small electron transport molecule, Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) alu...An increase in luminance of a polymer light-emitting diode(PLED) was obtained by fabricating a graded doping structure using a vacuum spray method. The small electron transport molecule, Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum(III)(Alq3), was graded dispersed along the film in the direction of growth in the hole transport polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P3HT, regiorandom) layer of the PLED, despite being dissolved in the same organic solvent as the polymer. The PLED reported here, which is composed of a graded structure, emitted brighter light than PLEDs composed of pure polymer or of a blend of active layers prepared by spin coating and/or vacuum spray methods.展开更多
In this paper, a high-performance and low-complexity luminance transient improvement （LTI） algorithm is proposed and efficiently implemented on field programmable gate army （FPGA） devices, which can be widely used...In this paper, a high-performance and low-complexity luminance transient improvement （LTI） algorithm is proposed and efficiently implemented on field programmable gate army （FPGA） devices, which can be widely used to enhance the sharpness of digital video. The proposed algorithm generates the cor- rection signal by using the difference of the outputs of two Gaussian filters with different variances, and then modulates the correction signal adaptively according to the local contrast information of video frames. A 2-D min/max nonlinear filter is employed to suppress overshoots around edges. The proposed algorithm is thoroughly confirmed by experiments and compared with other algorithms on irrkages, which produces steeper edges and better visual quality while suppressing noise and artifacts. And the hardware architecture suitable for FPGA implementation is optimized based on the property of the algorithm and proves to be effective and efficient in many respects, such as resource consumption, performance and reconfigura- bility. The specific implementation details on both Xilinx and Ahera FPGA devices are also described in this paper.展开更多
Recent work in decision neuroscience suggests that visual saliency can interact with reward-based choice,and the lateral intraparietal cortex(LIP)is implicated in this process.In this study,we recorded from LIP neuron...Recent work in decision neuroscience suggests that visual saliency can interact with reward-based choice,and the lateral intraparietal cortex(LIP)is implicated in this process.In this study,we recorded from LIP neurons while monkeys performed a two alternative choice task in which the reward and luminance associated with each offer were varied independently.We discovered that the animal’s choice was dictated by the reward amount while the luminance had a marginal effect.In the LIP,neuronal activity corresponded well with the animal’s choice pattern,in that a majority of reward-modulated neurons encoded the reward amount in the neuron’s preferred hemifield with a positive slope.In contrast,compared to their responses to low luminance,an approximately equal proportion of luminance-sensitive neurons responded to high luminance with increased or decreased activity,leading to a much weaker population-level response.Meanwhile,in the non-preferred hemifield,the strength of encoding for reward amount and luminance was positively correlated,suggesting the integration of these two factors in the LIP.Moreover,neurons encoding reward and luminance were homogeneously distributed along the anterior-posterior axis of the LIP.Overall,our study provides further evidence supporting the neural instantiation of a priority map in the LIP in reward-based decisions.展开更多
We perfected the narrow spectral band fundus photographic system using interference filters at the wavelengths of 417, 478, 500, 530, 547, 570, 589, 607, 628 and 648nm. Tests about the light penetration of filters and...We perfected the narrow spectral band fundus photographic system using interference filters at the wavelengths of 417, 478, 500, 530, 547, 570, 589, 607, 628 and 648nm. Tests about the light penetration of filters and exposure of various brand films were made on this system. Studies of the contrast of fundal tissues and structures under the different narrow spectral band light were made on 43 Chinese fellow eyes. The results indicates that the interference filters of 570 nm have the highest light penetr...展开更多
View synthesis is an important building block in three dimension（3D） video processing and communications.Based on one or several views,view synthesis creates other views for the purpose of view prediction（for compr...View synthesis is an important building block in three dimension（3D） video processing and communications.Based on one or several views,view synthesis creates other views for the purpose of view prediction（for compression） or view rendering（for multiview-display）.The quality of view synthesis depends on how one fills the occlusion area as well as how the pixels are created.Consequently,luminance adjustment and hole filling are two key issues in view synthesis.In this paper,two views are used to produce an arbitrary virtual synthesized view.One view is merged into another view using a local luminance adjustment method,based on local neighborhood region for the calculation of adjustment coefficient.Moreover,a maximum neighborhood spreading strength hole filling method is presented to deal with the micro texture structure when the hole is being filled.For each pixel at the hole boundary,its neighborhood pixels with the maximum spreading strength direction are selected as candidates;and among them,the pixel with the maximum spreading strength is used to fill the hole from boundary to center.If there still exist disocclusion pixels after once scan,the filling process is repeated until all hole pixels are filled.Simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient,robust and achieves high performance in subjection and objection.展开更多
Light-field displays typically consist of a two-dimensional(2D)display panel and a light modulation device.The 2D panel presents synthesized parallax images,with the total information content of the three-dimensional(...Light-field displays typically consist of a two-dimensional(2D)display panel and a light modulation device.The 2D panel presents synthesized parallax images,with the total information content of the three-dimensional(3D)light feld dictated by the panel's total resolution.Angular resolution serves as a critical metric for light-field displays,where higher angular resolution correlates with a more realistic 3D visual experience.However,the improvement of angular resolution is typically accompanied by a reduction in spatial resolution,due to the limitations of the 2D display panel's total resolution.To address this challenge,a light-feld display method with enhanced information utilization is introduced,achieved through the independent modulation of chrominance and luminance.A static light-field image display system is proposed to verify the feasibility of this method.The system employs a bidirectional angular modulation grating(BAMG)and a collimated light source(CLS)to create uniformly distributed viewpoints in space.A luminance modulation film(LMF)and a chrominance modulation film(CMF)are utilized to modulate the light-field information,with chrominance and luminance synthesized images printed at pixel densities of 720 pixels per inch(PPl)and 8000 dots per inch(DPl),respectively,to align with the differential sensitivities of the human visual system.In the experiment,the proposed display system achieves a full-parallax,high-fidelity color display with a 98.2°horizontal and 97.7°vertical field of view(FOV).So,the light-feld display method of modulating chrominance and luminance separately has been proven to achieve high-fidelity display effects.展开更多
Laser-remote activated phosphor(LARP)converted solid state lighting is now developing towards high power density and super-brightness,and phosphor ceramic converters with high efficiency,high thermal conductivity,acce...Laser-remote activated phosphor(LARP)converted solid state lighting is now developing towards high power density and super-brightness,and phosphor ceramic converters with high efficiency,high thermal conductivity,acceptable transmittance and suitable spectra are thus required.Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12):Ce(YAG:Ce)-based ceramics are promising color converters to produce white light with a color temperature of 6000 K for vehicle headlamps,but the brightness and luminous efficiency are not well optimized.In this work,two series of Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce and Al_(2)O_(3)-(Gd,Y)AG:Ce transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering,and their microstructure,thermal and optical properties were controlled by changing the Ce^(3+)or Al_(2)O_(3)content as well the thickness of the ceramics.Both Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2.925)Al_(5)O_(12):Ce_(0.0175)(AY0.0175)and Al_(2)O_(3)-(Gd0.1Y2.89)Al_(5)O_(12):Ce_(0.01)(AGY)ceramics containing 70%(in mass)Al_(2)O_(3)show a luminance saturation threshold of 30.3 W/mm^(2)and 38.4 W/mm^(2),enabling to produce white light with a color temperature of 6000 K,luminous flux of 1928 lm and 3101 lm,luminous efficiency of 135.0 lm/W and 161.1 lm/W when pumped by blue laser diodes,respectively.This work provides a solution to finely control the composition,microstructure,and optical properties of transparent ceramics for super-high brightness laser-driven solid-state lighting.展开更多
The utilization of blue lasers to excite phosphor materials holds great potential for the development of high-brightness laser-driven light sources.However,phosphor materials that can simultaneously constrain light sp...The utilization of blue lasers to excite phosphor materials holds great potential for the development of high-brightness laser-driven light sources.However,phosphor materials that can simultaneously constrain light spot expansion and enhance the maximum luminous flux have been elusive,thereby limiting the output luminance.In this study,optical fiber-inspired core–cladding phosphor ceramics(CCPC)of YAG:Ce@Al_(2)O_(3)wafers were engineered using a gel–casting technique to restrict light spot expansion.The smaller refractive index of Al_(2)O_(3),combined with the dense and sharp core–cladding interface of these CCPC,effectively confines the light spot area.The sample with a 1.0 mm core diameter has a small spot size nearly identical to that of the incident blue laser beam.Furthermore,the high thermal conductivity of the non-luminescent Al_(2)O_(3)cladding endows the CCPC with an impressive luminance saturation threshold of 30 W·mm^(-2)and a maximum luminous flux of 2100 lm for white light within a straightforward transmissive optical setup.The combination of a confined light-spot area and elevated luminous flux results in an ultra-high luminance of 3900 lm·mm^(-2),surpassing current reports.This research presents a pioneering approach to the design of phosphor materials,targeting the realization of light sources with unprecedented luminance for broad frontier applications.展开更多
Metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have recently experienced rapid development due to the tunable emission wavelengths,narrow emission linewidth and low material cost.To achieve stateof-the-art perfo...Metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have recently experienced rapid development due to the tunable emission wavelengths,narrow emission linewidth and low material cost.To achieve stateof-the-art performance,the high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of the active emission layer,the balanced charge injection,and the optimized optical extraction should be considered simultaneously.Multiple chemical passivation strategies have been provided as controllable and efficient methods to improve the PLQY of the perovskite layer.However,high luminance under large injection current and high external quantum efficiency(EQE)can hardly be achieved due to Auger recombination at high carrier density.Here,we decreased the electron injection barrier by tuning the Fermi-level of the perovskite,leading to a reduced turn on voltage.Through molecular doping of the hole injection material,a more balanced hole injection was achieved.At last,a device with modified charge injection realizes high luminance and quantum efficiency simultaneously.The best device exhibits luminance of 55,000 cd m^-2 EQE of 8.02%at the working voltage of 2.65 V,current density of 115 mA cm^-2,and shows EQE T50 stability around 160 min at 100 mA cm^-2 injection current density.展开更多
Head-up displays （HUDs） enable a pilot to manage aircraft activities by facilitating simultaneous access to the flight instrument data and to the outside scene. However, HUDs can also distract a pilot. This study sh...Head-up displays （HUDs） enable a pilot to manage aircraft activities by facilitating simultaneous access to the flight instrument data and to the outside scene. However, HUDs can also distract a pilot. This study shows that HUD luminance non-uniformity may force inappropriate distribution of attention between the events shown on HUD symbology and the outside scene because of the resultant differential contrast in the display area. Results of statistical analysis demonstrate considerable effects of HUD image luminance and ambient luminance, as well as their interaction, on the detection of events displayed on an HUD and the outside scene.展开更多
目的:归纳总结乳腺实性乳头状癌(SPC)的磁共振成像特征,评估术前危险程度。方法:回顾性分析134例手术病理为乳腺SPC(其中原位癌45例,浸润癌89例)的临床、磁共振影像及病理资料。结果:浸润癌肿块直径(中位数)大于原位癌(2.3 cm vs 1.2 cm...目的:归纳总结乳腺实性乳头状癌(SPC)的磁共振成像特征,评估术前危险程度。方法:回顾性分析134例手术病理为乳腺SPC(其中原位癌45例,浸润癌89例)的临床、磁共振影像及病理资料。结果:浸润癌肿块直径(中位数)大于原位癌(2.3 cm vs 1.2 cm,P<0.001)。浸润癌相对原位癌病灶弥散加权成像(DWI)高信号[对应表观弥散系数(ADC)图低信号]者所占比例更高(56/60 vs 12/19,P=0.001)。原位癌肿块以均匀强化为主,浸润癌肿块以不均匀强化为主(P=0.001)。浸润癌肿块伴周围非肿块强化较原位癌更多见(P=0.037)。表现为非肿块强化的浸润癌相对原位癌病灶T2呈高信号者所占比例更高(19/29 vs 10/26,P=0.047)。原位癌均无淋巴结转移,7例浸润癌伴淋巴结转移(2例前哨淋巴结转移,5例腋窝淋巴结转移,1例内乳淋巴结转移)。所有乳腺SPC均是Luminal分型。结论:肿块大小、病灶DWI高信号(对应ADC图低信号)、肿块的强化方式、肿块伴非肿块强化、非肿块T2W高信号、淋巴结转移阳性等是评估乳腺SPC危险程度的关键信息。展开更多
基金Project(50908239) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(2010KB14) supported by State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science of South China University of Technology, China Project(CDJZR10190006) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China
文摘According to Chinese daylighting climate data,combined with the standard of Commission Inernationale de l'Eclairgae(CIE) general sky luminance distribution(SLD),the sky luminance distribution of typical daylighting climate zones in China was studied.Through the research on reference SLD of overcast,intermediate and clear types,the standards of clear and overcast SLD are consistent with CIE general sky,and the intermediate SLD has greater error with CIE general sky.The main types of Chinese sky luminance in different daylighting climate zones were obtained,which provide the basic data for simulation and forecast of China natural light,and provide reference for using the standard amendments of China future natural light.
基金supported by the Industrial Technology Research Grant Program from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO)of Japan
文摘An increase in luminance of a polymer light-emitting diode(PLED) was obtained by fabricating a graded doping structure using a vacuum spray method. The small electron transport molecule, Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum(III)(Alq3), was graded dispersed along the film in the direction of growth in the hole transport polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P3HT, regiorandom) layer of the PLED, despite being dissolved in the same organic solvent as the polymer. The PLED reported here, which is composed of a graded structure, emitted brighter light than PLEDs composed of pure polymer or of a blend of active layers prepared by spin coating and/or vacuum spray methods.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Projects Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China (No. 2006BAK07B04)
文摘In this paper, a high-performance and low-complexity luminance transient improvement （LTI） algorithm is proposed and efficiently implemented on field programmable gate army （FPGA） devices, which can be widely used to enhance the sharpness of digital video. The proposed algorithm generates the cor- rection signal by using the difference of the outputs of two Gaussian filters with different variances, and then modulates the correction signal adaptively according to the local contrast information of video frames. A 2-D min/max nonlinear filter is employed to suppress overshoots around edges. The proposed algorithm is thoroughly confirmed by experiments and compared with other algorithms on irrkages, which produces steeper edges and better visual quality while suppressing noise and artifacts. And the hardware architecture suitable for FPGA implementation is optimized based on the property of the algorithm and proves to be effective and efficient in many respects, such as resource consumption, performance and reconfigura- bility. The specific implementation details on both Xilinx and Ahera FPGA devices are also described in this paper.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program(2021ZD0203700/2021ZD0203702)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)+1 种基金the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Ministry of Education of China,Base B16018)NYU Shanghai Boost Fund.
文摘Recent work in decision neuroscience suggests that visual saliency can interact with reward-based choice,and the lateral intraparietal cortex(LIP)is implicated in this process.In this study,we recorded from LIP neurons while monkeys performed a two alternative choice task in which the reward and luminance associated with each offer were varied independently.We discovered that the animal’s choice was dictated by the reward amount while the luminance had a marginal effect.In the LIP,neuronal activity corresponded well with the animal’s choice pattern,in that a majority of reward-modulated neurons encoded the reward amount in the neuron’s preferred hemifield with a positive slope.In contrast,compared to their responses to low luminance,an approximately equal proportion of luminance-sensitive neurons responded to high luminance with increased or decreased activity,leading to a much weaker population-level response.Meanwhile,in the non-preferred hemifield,the strength of encoding for reward amount and luminance was positively correlated,suggesting the integration of these two factors in the LIP.Moreover,neurons encoding reward and luminance were homogeneously distributed along the anterior-posterior axis of the LIP.Overall,our study provides further evidence supporting the neural instantiation of a priority map in the LIP in reward-based decisions.
文摘We perfected the narrow spectral band fundus photographic system using interference filters at the wavelengths of 417, 478, 500, 530, 547, 570, 589, 607, 628 and 648nm. Tests about the light penetration of filters and exposure of various brand films were made on this system. Studies of the contrast of fundal tissues and structures under the different narrow spectral band light were made on 43 Chinese fellow eyes. The results indicates that the interference filters of 570 nm have the highest light penetr...
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61075013)
文摘View synthesis is an important building block in three dimension（3D） video processing and communications.Based on one or several views,view synthesis creates other views for the purpose of view prediction（for compression） or view rendering（for multiview-display）.The quality of view synthesis depends on how one fills the occlusion area as well as how the pixels are created.Consequently,luminance adjustment and hole filling are two key issues in view synthesis.In this paper,two views are used to produce an arbitrary virtual synthesized view.One view is merged into another view using a local luminance adjustment method,based on local neighborhood region for the calculation of adjustment coefficient.Moreover,a maximum neighborhood spreading strength hole filling method is presented to deal with the micro texture structure when the hole is being filled.For each pixel at the hole boundary,its neighborhood pixels with the maximum spreading strength direction are selected as candidates;and among them,the pixel with the maximum spreading strength is used to fill the hole from boundary to center.If there still exist disocclusion pixels after once scan,the filling process is repeated until all hole pixels are filled.Simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient,robust and achieves high performance in subjection and objection.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3611500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175015,62335002,62075016).
文摘Light-field displays typically consist of a two-dimensional(2D)display panel and a light modulation device.The 2D panel presents synthesized parallax images,with the total information content of the three-dimensional(3D)light feld dictated by the panel's total resolution.Angular resolution serves as a critical metric for light-field displays,where higher angular resolution correlates with a more realistic 3D visual experience.However,the improvement of angular resolution is typically accompanied by a reduction in spatial resolution,due to the limitations of the 2D display panel's total resolution.To address this challenge,a light-feld display method with enhanced information utilization is introduced,achieved through the independent modulation of chrominance and luminance.A static light-field image display system is proposed to verify the feasibility of this method.The system employs a bidirectional angular modulation grating(BAMG)and a collimated light source(CLS)to create uniformly distributed viewpoints in space.A luminance modulation film(LMF)and a chrominance modulation film(CMF)are utilized to modulate the light-field information,with chrominance and luminance synthesized images printed at pixel densities of 720 pixels per inch(PPl)and 8000 dots per inch(DPl),respectively,to align with the differential sensitivities of the human visual system.In the experiment,the proposed display system achieves a full-parallax,high-fidelity color display with a 98.2°horizontal and 97.7°vertical field of view(FOV).So,the light-feld display method of modulating chrominance and luminance separately has been proven to achieve high-fidelity display effects.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program,MOST,2022YFE0108800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272165,U2005213,and 52172157)Major Science and Technology Projects of Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau(No.3502Z20231018).
文摘Laser-remote activated phosphor(LARP)converted solid state lighting is now developing towards high power density and super-brightness,and phosphor ceramic converters with high efficiency,high thermal conductivity,acceptable transmittance and suitable spectra are thus required.Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12):Ce(YAG:Ce)-based ceramics are promising color converters to produce white light with a color temperature of 6000 K for vehicle headlamps,but the brightness and luminous efficiency are not well optimized.In this work,two series of Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce and Al_(2)O_(3)-(Gd,Y)AG:Ce transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering,and their microstructure,thermal and optical properties were controlled by changing the Ce^(3+)or Al_(2)O_(3)content as well the thickness of the ceramics.Both Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2.925)Al_(5)O_(12):Ce_(0.0175)(AY0.0175)and Al_(2)O_(3)-(Gd0.1Y2.89)Al_(5)O_(12):Ce_(0.01)(AGY)ceramics containing 70%(in mass)Al_(2)O_(3)show a luminance saturation threshold of 30.3 W/mm^(2)and 38.4 W/mm^(2),enabling to produce white light with a color temperature of 6000 K,luminous flux of 1928 lm and 3101 lm,luminous efficiency of 135.0 lm/W and 161.1 lm/W when pumped by blue laser diodes,respectively.This work provides a solution to finely control the composition,microstructure,and optical properties of transparent ceramics for super-high brightness laser-driven solid-state lighting.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(MOSTNo.2022YFE0108800)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272165)the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024J09009)the Xiamen Major Science and Technology Project(No.3502Z20231050).
文摘The utilization of blue lasers to excite phosphor materials holds great potential for the development of high-brightness laser-driven light sources.However,phosphor materials that can simultaneously constrain light spot expansion and enhance the maximum luminous flux have been elusive,thereby limiting the output luminance.In this study,optical fiber-inspired core–cladding phosphor ceramics(CCPC)of YAG:Ce@Al_(2)O_(3)wafers were engineered using a gel–casting technique to restrict light spot expansion.The smaller refractive index of Al_(2)O_(3),combined with the dense and sharp core–cladding interface of these CCPC,effectively confines the light spot area.The sample with a 1.0 mm core diameter has a small spot size nearly identical to that of the incident blue laser beam.Furthermore,the high thermal conductivity of the non-luminescent Al_(2)O_(3)cladding endows the CCPC with an impressive luminance saturation threshold of 30 W·mm^(-2)and a maximum luminous flux of 2100 lm for white light within a straightforward transmissive optical setup.The combination of a confined light-spot area and elevated luminous flux results in an ultra-high luminance of 3900 lm·mm^(-2),surpassing current reports.This research presents a pioneering approach to the design of phosphor materials,targeting the realization of light sources with unprecedented luminance for broad frontier applications.
基金in part supported by Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,particularly,via Grant Nos.Ao E/P-03/08,T23-407/13-N,Ao E/P-02/12,14207515,14204616CUHK Group Research Scheme,and ITS/088/17 by Innovation and Technology Commission,Hong Kong SAR Governmentthe National Natural Science Foundation of China for the support,particularly,via Grant No.61229401。
文摘Metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have recently experienced rapid development due to the tunable emission wavelengths,narrow emission linewidth and low material cost.To achieve stateof-the-art performance,the high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of the active emission layer,the balanced charge injection,and the optimized optical extraction should be considered simultaneously.Multiple chemical passivation strategies have been provided as controllable and efficient methods to improve the PLQY of the perovskite layer.However,high luminance under large injection current and high external quantum efficiency(EQE)can hardly be achieved due to Auger recombination at high carrier density.Here,we decreased the electron injection barrier by tuning the Fermi-level of the perovskite,leading to a reduced turn on voltage.Through molecular doping of the hole injection material,a more balanced hole injection was achieved.At last,a device with modified charge injection realizes high luminance and quantum efficiency simultaneously.The best device exhibits luminance of 55,000 cd m^-2 EQE of 8.02%at the working voltage of 2.65 V,current density of 115 mA cm^-2,and shows EQE T50 stability around 160 min at 100 mA cm^-2 injection current density.
基金supported by the CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation(CSIO),Chandigarh,Indiathe Aeronautical Development Agency,Bangalore,India
文摘Head-up displays （HUDs） enable a pilot to manage aircraft activities by facilitating simultaneous access to the flight instrument data and to the outside scene. However, HUDs can also distract a pilot. This study shows that HUD luminance non-uniformity may force inappropriate distribution of attention between the events shown on HUD symbology and the outside scene because of the resultant differential contrast in the display area. Results of statistical analysis demonstrate considerable effects of HUD image luminance and ambient luminance, as well as their interaction, on the detection of events displayed on an HUD and the outside scene.
文摘目的:归纳总结乳腺实性乳头状癌(SPC)的磁共振成像特征,评估术前危险程度。方法:回顾性分析134例手术病理为乳腺SPC(其中原位癌45例,浸润癌89例)的临床、磁共振影像及病理资料。结果:浸润癌肿块直径(中位数)大于原位癌(2.3 cm vs 1.2 cm,P<0.001)。浸润癌相对原位癌病灶弥散加权成像(DWI)高信号[对应表观弥散系数(ADC)图低信号]者所占比例更高(56/60 vs 12/19,P=0.001)。原位癌肿块以均匀强化为主,浸润癌肿块以不均匀强化为主(P=0.001)。浸润癌肿块伴周围非肿块强化较原位癌更多见(P=0.037)。表现为非肿块强化的浸润癌相对原位癌病灶T2呈高信号者所占比例更高(19/29 vs 10/26,P=0.047)。原位癌均无淋巴结转移,7例浸润癌伴淋巴结转移(2例前哨淋巴结转移,5例腋窝淋巴结转移,1例内乳淋巴结转移)。所有乳腺SPC均是Luminal分型。结论:肿块大小、病灶DWI高信号(对应ADC图低信号)、肿块的强化方式、肿块伴非肿块强化、非肿块T2W高信号、淋巴结转移阳性等是评估乳腺SPC危险程度的关键信息。
