Development perturbations may affect the regular phenotype and are commonly measured through fluctuat-ing asymmetry (FA) levels. Short-term climatic variations, that modify the temperature, can influence chemical and ...Development perturbations may affect the regular phenotype and are commonly measured through fluctuat-ing asymmetry (FA) levels. Short-term climatic variations, that modify the temperature, can influence chemical and physical water characteristics. Fishes have been used as model organisms for studying stress-induced changes in body symmetry, since they are ectothermic, good bioindicators, easy to find and having economic relevance. Northern pike being a holoarctic, big, edible, top predator is one of the most economically important freshwater fish for recreational and commercial fisheries and freshwater ecosystems management. The isolated population of Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy)—in good health conditions and that can be considered one of the genetically best conserved of Italy—, was chosen as model. FA, seven mi-crosatellite loci and early developmental stages were investigated in order to correlate the developmental stability of this population to its genetic variability and to environmental perturbations. The results obtained underlined a positive correlation (>>0.40) between FA indexes and temperature;the non-parametric Kruskall- Wallis test showed significant differences in FA levels for some FA indexes and parameters. Over-all results underlined that FA increased in individuals grown at a temperature above 8°C as compared with those grown at 5°C or at lower temperatures. Both positive and negative correlations between FA parameters and chemical and physical water characteristics were shown. The comparison of genetic and FA data under-lined a low correlation between microsatellite and FA pairwise distances, nevertheless a positive and signifi-cant correlation emerged for some FA measurements and microsatellite data. In particular, only Elu87 locus showed a statistical significant correlation versus total FA. Finally, as expected, results indicated that the in-cubation time was temperature-dependent;the ODT was in the range 8–10°C and lower and higher tempera-tures caused drastic embryo mortality. These results showed robust correlations, both positive and negative, between some FA parameters and chemical and physical characters and were in agreement with the assump-tion that temperature variations as well as pH, conductibility and chloride variation, may increase molecular perturbations and, subsequently, the global developmental noise during development. These data suggest that FA could be considered a measure of animal welfare. The relative breeding easiness of this species may be a valid tool for the estimation of controlled environmental stress influences, not only of thermal origin, and a valid information basis for studies on wild populations. Furthermore, it has long been debated whether FA levels depend upon genetic variability, the particular molecular marker notwithstanding, and whether it is possible to use one or more molecular markers to better understand FA data. The Mantel tests performed in this study showed very interesting correlations between FA and the investigated microsatellites. For the lack of a linkage map for the investigated microsatellite loci, it is presently impossible to establish the relation-ships between the FA parameter and the microsatellite loci that the Mantel test defines as correlated.展开更多
“The travels of the Caesars bring in most aspects of imperial history”.Such wasthe assertion of Syme in his survey of the peripatetic reign of Hadrian(1988,159).After Hadrian,the next journey of real significance un...“The travels of the Caesars bring in most aspects of imperial history”.Such wasthe assertion of Syme in his survey of the peripatetic reign of Hadrian(1988,159).After Hadrian,the next journey of real significance undertakn by anemperor was that of Lucius Verus,who spent five years away from Rome ascommander of military campaigns in the east.These travels,like those of Hadrian,展开更多
Northern pike(Esox lucius)is a high-value aquatic product whose flavor changes during cold storage directly impact consumer acceptance and market competitiveness.However,the underlying mechanisms of these flavor chang...Northern pike(Esox lucius)is a high-value aquatic product whose flavor changes during cold storage directly impact consumer acceptance and market competitiveness.However,the underlying mechanisms of these flavor changes remain unclear.To address this,this study employed gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)combined with metabolomics to systematically analyze the dynamic changes in volatile aroma compounds and differential metabolites of Esox lucius during cold storage.The results revealed a significant decline in sensory characteristics,including odor,color,texture,muscle elasticity,cohesiveness and overall acceptability as storage time increased.The key volatile compounds(VOCs)including 3-methylbutanal,pentanal,3-methyl-2-butenal,2-methylpropanal,3-methyl-1-butanol,isopropanol,(E)-2-hexen-1-ol,1-butanol,and 1-propanol were identified by GC-IMS.These compounds were found to play critical roles in flavor changes.Additionally,a total of 657 differential metabolites were identified,among which 528 metabolites were observed to be upregulated and 129 were found to be downregulated throughout the period of cold storage.Metabolomic analysis highlighted purine metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and glycerophospholipid metabolism as the three primary metabolic pathways related to flavor changes.A potential metabolic network associated with these changes was constructed.This study not only elucidated the metabolic mechanisms underlying flavor changes in Esox lucius during cold storage but also provided essential theoretical for flavor control and quality preservation of aquatic products.展开更多
Food-derived dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPP-IV)inhibitors show promise as a therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM).This investigation used a combination of virtual screening and enzymatic digestion t...Food-derived dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPP-IV)inhibitors show promise as a therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM).This investigation used a combination of virtual screening and enzymatic digestion to prepare and identify novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from Esox lucius,a typical cold-water fish from Xinjiang.Alkaline protease digest showed the best inhibitory effect of 62.04%±1.07%.The ultrafiltration U1(<3 kDa)fraction had the best inhibitory activity with an IC_(50) value of 2.77±0.09 mg/mL.From the dextran gel chromatography S2 fraction,543 peptide fragments were found,and six peptides underwent virtual screening.Among them,APDPF showed promising DPP-IV inhibitory activity with an IC_(50) value of 0.38±0.02 mg/mL and exhibited competitive inhibition of DPP-IV by binding to amino acid residues in the S1 and S2 active pockets by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces.This study provides a new way to prepare DPP-IV inhibitory peptide and is of great theoretical significance and practical value for further exploring the development of endogenous peptides from Esox lucius.展开更多
Xanthine oxidase(XO)inhibitory peptides,which are safe and efficacious as nutraceutical food components,have a remarkable effect on relieving hyperuricemia(HUA).In this study,three novel XO inhibitory peptides,TDGF,IG...Xanthine oxidase(XO)inhibitory peptides,which are safe and efficacious as nutraceutical food components,have a remarkable effect on relieving hyperuricemia(HUA).In this study,three novel XO inhibitory peptides,TDGF,IGDW and PFGE,were obtained from enzymatic hydrolysates of Esox lucius bone collagen through ultrafiltration,dextran gel chromatography and in silico screening.TDGF demonstrated the strongest XO inhibitory activity,with an IC50 of 3.27±0.23 mM.Molecular docking visualization indicated that all three peptides were capable of interacting with the amino acid residues located in the active cavity of XO.These interactions primarily consisted of hydrogen bonds,hydrophobic interactions and salt bridges.Based on findings from inhibitory kinetics,TDGF and PFGE were typical competitive inhibitors similar to allopurinol,while IGDW was a mixed competitive inhibitor.In addition,molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the inhibitory peptide bound to the enzyme forming a stable complex.When compared to IGDW and PFGE,TDGF exhibited a more intimate interaction with XO.This study shows that Esox lucius bone is a wonderful source for the preparation of XO inhibitory peptides,and the bioactive peptide TDGF is a potential candidate for the treatment of HUA.展开更多
文摘Development perturbations may affect the regular phenotype and are commonly measured through fluctuat-ing asymmetry (FA) levels. Short-term climatic variations, that modify the temperature, can influence chemical and physical water characteristics. Fishes have been used as model organisms for studying stress-induced changes in body symmetry, since they are ectothermic, good bioindicators, easy to find and having economic relevance. Northern pike being a holoarctic, big, edible, top predator is one of the most economically important freshwater fish for recreational and commercial fisheries and freshwater ecosystems management. The isolated population of Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy)—in good health conditions and that can be considered one of the genetically best conserved of Italy—, was chosen as model. FA, seven mi-crosatellite loci and early developmental stages were investigated in order to correlate the developmental stability of this population to its genetic variability and to environmental perturbations. The results obtained underlined a positive correlation (>>0.40) between FA indexes and temperature;the non-parametric Kruskall- Wallis test showed significant differences in FA levels for some FA indexes and parameters. Over-all results underlined that FA increased in individuals grown at a temperature above 8°C as compared with those grown at 5°C or at lower temperatures. Both positive and negative correlations between FA parameters and chemical and physical water characteristics were shown. The comparison of genetic and FA data under-lined a low correlation between microsatellite and FA pairwise distances, nevertheless a positive and signifi-cant correlation emerged for some FA measurements and microsatellite data. In particular, only Elu87 locus showed a statistical significant correlation versus total FA. Finally, as expected, results indicated that the in-cubation time was temperature-dependent;the ODT was in the range 8–10°C and lower and higher tempera-tures caused drastic embryo mortality. These results showed robust correlations, both positive and negative, between some FA parameters and chemical and physical characters and were in agreement with the assump-tion that temperature variations as well as pH, conductibility and chloride variation, may increase molecular perturbations and, subsequently, the global developmental noise during development. These data suggest that FA could be considered a measure of animal welfare. The relative breeding easiness of this species may be a valid tool for the estimation of controlled environmental stress influences, not only of thermal origin, and a valid information basis for studies on wild populations. Furthermore, it has long been debated whether FA levels depend upon genetic variability, the particular molecular marker notwithstanding, and whether it is possible to use one or more molecular markers to better understand FA data. The Mantel tests performed in this study showed very interesting correlations between FA and the investigated microsatellites. For the lack of a linkage map for the investigated microsatellite loci, it is presently impossible to establish the relation-ships between the FA parameter and the microsatellite loci that the Mantel test defines as correlated.
文摘“The travels of the Caesars bring in most aspects of imperial history”.Such wasthe assertion of Syme in his survey of the peripatetic reign of Hadrian(1988,159).After Hadrian,the next journey of real significance undertakn by anemperor was that of Lucius Verus,who spent five years away from Rome ascommander of military campaigns in the east.These travels,like those of Hadrian,
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Pro-gram for Special Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.20232115765)Tianchi Talent Introduction Plan Project of China(Grant No.2224ZZQRCXM).
文摘Northern pike(Esox lucius)is a high-value aquatic product whose flavor changes during cold storage directly impact consumer acceptance and market competitiveness.However,the underlying mechanisms of these flavor changes remain unclear.To address this,this study employed gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)combined with metabolomics to systematically analyze the dynamic changes in volatile aroma compounds and differential metabolites of Esox lucius during cold storage.The results revealed a significant decline in sensory characteristics,including odor,color,texture,muscle elasticity,cohesiveness and overall acceptability as storage time increased.The key volatile compounds(VOCs)including 3-methylbutanal,pentanal,3-methyl-2-butenal,2-methylpropanal,3-methyl-1-butanol,isopropanol,(E)-2-hexen-1-ol,1-butanol,and 1-propanol were identified by GC-IMS.These compounds were found to play critical roles in flavor changes.Additionally,a total of 657 differential metabolites were identified,among which 528 metabolites were observed to be upregulated and 129 were found to be downregulated throughout the period of cold storage.Metabolomic analysis highlighted purine metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and glycerophospholipid metabolism as the three primary metabolic pathways related to flavor changes.A potential metabolic network associated with these changes was constructed.This study not only elucidated the metabolic mechanisms underlying flavor changes in Esox lucius during cold storage but also provided essential theoretical for flavor control and quality preservation of aquatic products.
基金funded by XPCC Key areas Science and Technology Program of China(grant number 2023AB006-04)XPCC Guiding Science and Technology Program of China(grant number 2022DZ016)+2 种基金High-level Talent Initiation Program of Shihezi University(grant number RCZK202355)Key Laboratory for Nutrition and Safety of Xinjiang Specialty Foods,Shihezi City of Eighth Division(grant number 2022PT02)Research Program of Shihezi University(grant number PYZK202405).
文摘Food-derived dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPP-IV)inhibitors show promise as a therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM).This investigation used a combination of virtual screening and enzymatic digestion to prepare and identify novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from Esox lucius,a typical cold-water fish from Xinjiang.Alkaline protease digest showed the best inhibitory effect of 62.04%±1.07%.The ultrafiltration U1(<3 kDa)fraction had the best inhibitory activity with an IC_(50) value of 2.77±0.09 mg/mL.From the dextran gel chromatography S2 fraction,543 peptide fragments were found,and six peptides underwent virtual screening.Among them,APDPF showed promising DPP-IV inhibitory activity with an IC_(50) value of 0.38±0.02 mg/mL and exhibited competitive inhibition of DPP-IV by binding to amino acid residues in the S1 and S2 active pockets by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces.This study provides a new way to prepare DPP-IV inhibitory peptide and is of great theoretical significance and practical value for further exploring the development of endogenous peptides from Esox lucius.
基金supported by the XPCC Key areas Science and Technology Program of China(grant number 2023AB006-04)XPCC Guiding Science and Technology Program of China(grant number 2022DZ016)+2 种基金High-level Talent Initiation Program of Shihezi University(grant number RCZK202355)Key Laboratory for Nutrition and Safety of Xinjiang Specialty Foods,Shihezi City of Eighth Division(grant number 2022PT02)Research Program of Shihezi University(grant number PYZK202405)for providing financial funding.
文摘Xanthine oxidase(XO)inhibitory peptides,which are safe and efficacious as nutraceutical food components,have a remarkable effect on relieving hyperuricemia(HUA).In this study,three novel XO inhibitory peptides,TDGF,IGDW and PFGE,were obtained from enzymatic hydrolysates of Esox lucius bone collagen through ultrafiltration,dextran gel chromatography and in silico screening.TDGF demonstrated the strongest XO inhibitory activity,with an IC50 of 3.27±0.23 mM.Molecular docking visualization indicated that all three peptides were capable of interacting with the amino acid residues located in the active cavity of XO.These interactions primarily consisted of hydrogen bonds,hydrophobic interactions and salt bridges.Based on findings from inhibitory kinetics,TDGF and PFGE were typical competitive inhibitors similar to allopurinol,while IGDW was a mixed competitive inhibitor.In addition,molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the inhibitory peptide bound to the enzyme forming a stable complex.When compared to IGDW and PFGE,TDGF exhibited a more intimate interaction with XO.This study shows that Esox lucius bone is a wonderful source for the preparation of XO inhibitory peptides,and the bioactive peptide TDGF is a potential candidate for the treatment of HUA.
