In modern Beyond-Visual-Range(BVR)aerial combat,unmanned loyal wingmen are pivotal,yet their autonomous capabilities are limited.Our study introduces an advanced control algorithm based on hierarchical reinforcement l...In modern Beyond-Visual-Range(BVR)aerial combat,unmanned loyal wingmen are pivotal,yet their autonomous capabilities are limited.Our study introduces an advanced control algorithm based on hierarchical reinforcement learning to enhance these capabilities for critical missions like target search,positioning,and relay guidance.Structured on a dual-layer model,the algorithm’s lower layer manages basic aircraft maneuvers for optimal flight,while the upper layer processes battlefield dynamics,issuing precise navigational commands.This approach enables accurate navigation and effective reconnaissance for lead aircraft.Notably,our Hierarchical Prior-augmented Proximal Policy Optimization(HPE-PPO)algorithm employs a prior-based training,prior-free execution method,accelerating target positioning training and ensuring robust target reacquisition.This paper also improves missile relay guidance and promotes the effective guidance.By integrating this system with a human-piloted lead aircraft,this paper proposes a potent solution for cooperative aerial warfare.Rigorous experiments demonstrate enhanced survivability and efficiency of loyal wingmen,marking a significant contribution to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)formation control research.This advancement is poised to drive substantial interest and progress in the related technological fields.展开更多
ZTE Corporation is China’s largest listedtelecommunications equipment provider spe-cialized in offering a full range of tailor-madesolutions for customers in high-,middle-andlow-end markets.
We study a supply chain in which an original equipment manufacturer(OEM)outsources manufacturing functions to a contract manufacturer(CM)for cost saving.In addition to accepting the OEM's order,the CM can develop ...We study a supply chain in which an original equipment manufacturer(OEM)outsources manufacturing functions to a contract manufacturer(CM)for cost saving.In addition to accepting the OEM's order,the CM can develop self-branded products and enter the end-market.Because of the OEM's well-known brand and long-term good reputation,we take the asymmetric customer loyalty into consideration-a fraction of customers are loyal customers(LCs)who only consider buying the product from the OEM,while other customers in the market are non-loyal customers(NCs)who might switch to purchasing the CM7s product because of the lower selling price.We explore whether the CM will enter the end-market and if so,what is the impact of the market entry on the OEM and the entire supply chain.Counterintuitively,we find that there will be no market entry when the CM is relatively strong,i.e.,the CM is able to provide self-branded products with relatively high acceptance and the CM has a relatively large bargaining power.In addition,when the NC segment is an important profit source for the OEM,i.e.,the NCs7 market size is relatively large and their willingness-to-pay is relatively high,the market entry will not occur,either.The OEM's profit is always hurt by the CM's market entry unless the OEM always only sells the product to the LCs,while the supply chain sometimes can get benefit.Through numerical simulations,we reveal the relationships between the profit change of different parties and the key parameters,such as the relative willingness-to-pay and market sizes of two types of customers,the CMrs bargaining power and the acceptance of the CMrs product,when the market entry becomes an available option for the CM.The impact of production cost difference on the market entry decision and profit changes is also analyzed in the extension when producing the OEM's product is more costly for the CM than producing the self-branded product.展开更多
Long ago during the Spring and Autumn Period,there was a prince named Chong’er from the State of Jin.He had to run away from his home because some bad people wanted to hurt him.One day,while traveling in a lonely pla...Long ago during the Spring and Autumn Period,there was a prince named Chong’er from the State of Jin.He had to run away from his home because some bad people wanted to hurt him.One day,while traveling in a lonely place,Chong’er was so hungry and cold that he felt he couldn’t stand up.Just when things seemed hopeless,a very loyal minister named Jie Zitui did something amazing.He cut off a piece of his own leg,cooked it over a fire and gave it to Chong’er.When Zhong’er found out what Jie Zitui had done,he cried and cried because he was so touched.展开更多
We consider queueing networks （QN＇s） with feedback loops roamed by ＂intelligent＂ agents, able to select their routing on the basis of their measured waiting times at the QN nodes. This is an idealized model to di...We consider queueing networks （QN＇s） with feedback loops roamed by ＂intelligent＂ agents, able to select their routing on the basis of their measured waiting times at the QN nodes. This is an idealized model to discuss the dynamics of customers who stay loyal to a service supplier, provided their service time remains below a critical threshold. For these QN＇s, we show that the traffic flows may exhibit collective patterns typically encountered in multi-agent systems. In simple network topologies, the emergent cooperative behaviors manifest themselves via stable macroscopic temporal oscillations, synchronization of the queue contents and stabilization by noise phenomena. For a wide range of control parameters, the underlying presence of the law of large numbers enables us to use deterministic evolution laws to analytically characterize the cooperative evolution of our multi-agent systems. In particular, we study the case where the servers are sporadically subject, to failures altering their ordinary behavior.展开更多
According to Yue Fei＇s biography, when the legendary general was slandered and interrogated for treason, he tore the shirt off his body, exposing four characters tattooed on his back： ＂Exhaust one＇s loyalty in ser...According to Yue Fei＇s biography, when the legendary general was slandered and interrogated for treason, he tore the shirt off his body, exposing four characters tattooed on his back： ＂Exhaust one＇s loyalty in service of the state.＂ This study looks at two components of the Yue Fei story--patriotic tattoos, and tattooed generals--and examines their meaning in the broader stretch of Song dynasty history. Yue Eei was not the Song dynasty＇s only tattooed general who came to a tragic end. The Northern Song＇s Di Qing was a tattooed soldier whose military merit allowed him to rise to the highest levels of power in the empire. Di Qing＇s story makes it clear that tattooed generals were objects of suspicion and ridicule at court due to their military tattoos, a trait that linked them to the criminals and lower class men that manned the Song armies. Though military tattoos sometimes had a loyalist ring to them, they were carried out on a mass scale, and were a characteristic of coercion rather than fervent loyalism. This study shows that underneath the nationalist historical narrative of the Song dynasty, of which Yue Eel is a famous example, there lies a different story of social conflict within the Song state. Rather than a story of Chinese fighting non-Chinese and of traitorous and cowardly officials struggling with loyal patriots, this study offers a narrative of a social conflict between high-born clear-skinned officials and low-born tattooed military men.展开更多
Nowadays is a blooming spring of electrochemistry benefiting from its proven but accessible experimental methods.This is a historical phenomenon when a new science is born and keeps growing,especially,in the prosperou...Nowadays is a blooming spring of electrochemistry benefiting from its proven but accessible experimental methods.This is a historical phenomenon when a new science is born and keeps growing,especially,in the prosperous Nano Age.However,scientists will think over the fundamentals and breed the next prosperity of science and technology when the jollification calms down.展开更多
基金This study was co-supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2022JQ-593)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China(No.2022GY-089)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20220013053005).
文摘In modern Beyond-Visual-Range(BVR)aerial combat,unmanned loyal wingmen are pivotal,yet their autonomous capabilities are limited.Our study introduces an advanced control algorithm based on hierarchical reinforcement learning to enhance these capabilities for critical missions like target search,positioning,and relay guidance.Structured on a dual-layer model,the algorithm’s lower layer manages basic aircraft maneuvers for optimal flight,while the upper layer processes battlefield dynamics,issuing precise navigational commands.This approach enables accurate navigation and effective reconnaissance for lead aircraft.Notably,our Hierarchical Prior-augmented Proximal Policy Optimization(HPE-PPO)algorithm employs a prior-based training,prior-free execution method,accelerating target positioning training and ensuring robust target reacquisition.This paper also improves missile relay guidance and promotes the effective guidance.By integrating this system with a human-piloted lead aircraft,this paper proposes a potent solution for cooperative aerial warfare.Rigorous experiments demonstrate enhanced survivability and efficiency of loyal wingmen,marking a significant contribution to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)formation control research.This advancement is poised to drive substantial interest and progress in the related technological fields.
文摘ZTE Corporation is China’s largest listedtelecommunications equipment provider spe-cialized in offering a full range of tailor-madesolutions for customers in high-,middle-andlow-end markets.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71732003 and 71671085.
文摘We study a supply chain in which an original equipment manufacturer(OEM)outsources manufacturing functions to a contract manufacturer(CM)for cost saving.In addition to accepting the OEM's order,the CM can develop self-branded products and enter the end-market.Because of the OEM's well-known brand and long-term good reputation,we take the asymmetric customer loyalty into consideration-a fraction of customers are loyal customers(LCs)who only consider buying the product from the OEM,while other customers in the market are non-loyal customers(NCs)who might switch to purchasing the CM7s product because of the lower selling price.We explore whether the CM will enter the end-market and if so,what is the impact of the market entry on the OEM and the entire supply chain.Counterintuitively,we find that there will be no market entry when the CM is relatively strong,i.e.,the CM is able to provide self-branded products with relatively high acceptance and the CM has a relatively large bargaining power.In addition,when the NC segment is an important profit source for the OEM,i.e.,the NCs7 market size is relatively large and their willingness-to-pay is relatively high,the market entry will not occur,either.The OEM's profit is always hurt by the CM's market entry unless the OEM always only sells the product to the LCs,while the supply chain sometimes can get benefit.Through numerical simulations,we reveal the relationships between the profit change of different parties and the key parameters,such as the relative willingness-to-pay and market sizes of two types of customers,the CMrs bargaining power and the acceptance of the CMrs product,when the market entry becomes an available option for the CM.The impact of production cost difference on the market entry decision and profit changes is also analyzed in the extension when producing the OEM's product is more costly for the CM than producing the self-branded product.
文摘Long ago during the Spring and Autumn Period,there was a prince named Chong’er from the State of Jin.He had to run away from his home because some bad people wanted to hurt him.One day,while traveling in a lonely place,Chong’er was so hungry and cold that he felt he couldn’t stand up.Just when things seemed hopeless,a very loyal minister named Jie Zitui did something amazing.He cut off a piece of his own leg,cooked it over a fire and gave it to Chong’er.When Zhong’er found out what Jie Zitui had done,he cried and cried because he was so touched.
基金the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique under Grant No.200021-109191/1the Portuguese Fundaao para a Cinca e a Tecnologica(FCT Bolsa FEDER/POCTI-SFA-1-219)The original version was presented on ICSSSM'06.
文摘We consider queueing networks （QN＇s） with feedback loops roamed by ＂intelligent＂ agents, able to select their routing on the basis of their measured waiting times at the QN nodes. This is an idealized model to discuss the dynamics of customers who stay loyal to a service supplier, provided their service time remains below a critical threshold. For these QN＇s, we show that the traffic flows may exhibit collective patterns typically encountered in multi-agent systems. In simple network topologies, the emergent cooperative behaviors manifest themselves via stable macroscopic temporal oscillations, synchronization of the queue contents and stabilization by noise phenomena. For a wide range of control parameters, the underlying presence of the law of large numbers enables us to use deterministic evolution laws to analytically characterize the cooperative evolution of our multi-agent systems. In particular, we study the case where the servers are sporadically subject, to failures altering their ordinary behavior.
文摘According to Yue Fei＇s biography, when the legendary general was slandered and interrogated for treason, he tore the shirt off his body, exposing four characters tattooed on his back： ＂Exhaust one＇s loyalty in service of the state.＂ This study looks at two components of the Yue Fei story--patriotic tattoos, and tattooed generals--and examines their meaning in the broader stretch of Song dynasty history. Yue Eei was not the Song dynasty＇s only tattooed general who came to a tragic end. The Northern Song＇s Di Qing was a tattooed soldier whose military merit allowed him to rise to the highest levels of power in the empire. Di Qing＇s story makes it clear that tattooed generals were objects of suspicion and ridicule at court due to their military tattoos, a trait that linked them to the criminals and lower class men that manned the Song armies. Though military tattoos sometimes had a loyalist ring to them, they were carried out on a mass scale, and were a characteristic of coercion rather than fervent loyalism. This study shows that underneath the nationalist historical narrative of the Song dynasty, of which Yue Eel is a famous example, there lies a different story of social conflict within the Song state. Rather than a story of Chinese fighting non-Chinese and of traitorous and cowardly officials struggling with loyal patriots, this study offers a narrative of a social conflict between high-born clear-skinned officials and low-born tattooed military men.
文摘Nowadays is a blooming spring of electrochemistry benefiting from its proven but accessible experimental methods.This is a historical phenomenon when a new science is born and keeps growing,especially,in the prosperous Nano Age.However,scientists will think over the fundamentals and breed the next prosperity of science and technology when the jollification calms down.
