We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The ...We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The main idea is as follows. The distribution of the electric field around a thundercloud depends on the conductivity profile of the atmosphere. Quasi-static electric fields of a thundercloud decrease in those tropospheric regions where an increase of air conductivity is generated by pre-seismic activities due to emanation of radioactive gas and water into the lower atmosphere. The electric field becomes reduced in the lower troposphere, and the probability decreases of the cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes in such “contaminated” areas. Simultaneously, the electric field grows inside and above the thunderclouds, and hence, we anticipate a growth in the number of horizontal and tilted inter-cloud (or intra-cloud) (both termed as IC discharges) strokes. Spatial orientation of lightning strokes reduces vertical projection of their individual amplitudes, while the rate (median number strokes per a unit time) of discharges grows. We demonstrate that channel tilt of strokes modifies the spectral content of ELF/VLF radio noise and changes the rate of detected pulses during the earthquake preparation phase.展开更多
Two hypotheses of modern warming are considered:natural and anthropogenic.The probabilities of each of them are compared.It is proved that the hypothesis of natural warming is much more likely than the hypothesi...Two hypotheses of modern warming are considered:natural and anthropogenic.The probabilities of each of them are compared.It is proved that the hypothesis of natural warming is much more likely than the hypothesis of anthropogenic warming.It is shown that the displacement of the Sun from the center of mass of the solar system directly affects the temperature of the surface atmosphere in the synoptic regions of Eurasia.This result corresponds to the model of E.P.Borysenkov with variations of the solar constant or,equivalently,with variations of the Bond albedo.展开更多
A high-resolution meteorological dataset(≤10 km)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is the foundation for investigating and predicting the weather and climate over Asia.The TP Subregional Dynamical Downscaling(TPSDD)dataset ...A high-resolution meteorological dataset(≤10 km)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is the foundation for investigating and predicting the weather and climate over Asia.The TP Subregional Dynamical Downscaling(TPSDD)dataset is a newly developed high-spatial-temporal resolution gridded dataset for land‒air exchange pro-cesses and lower atmospheric structure studies over the whole TP region,taking the climate characteristics of each TP subregion into consideration.The dataset spans from 1981 to 2020,covering the TP with a temporal resolution of 2 hr and spatial resolution of 10 km.Meteorological elements of the dataset include near-surface land-air exchange parameters,such as downward/upward long-wave/shortwave radiation flux,sensible heat flux,latent heat flux,etc.In addition,the vertical distributions of 3-dimensional wind,temperature,humidity,and pressure from the surface to the lower stratosphere are also included.Independent evaluations were con-ducted to verify the performance of the TPSDD dataset by compar-ing TPSDD/reanalysis with surface and vertical observations through the calculation of statistical parameters.The results demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of this dataset against reanalysis data,which provides great potential for future climate change research.展开更多
Results of the study of seasonal variation of total column content of aerosols in the 50—1100 m height region are presented,The columnar content of aerosols is computed by integrating the height profiles of nighttime...Results of the study of seasonal variation of total column content of aerosols in the 50—1100 m height region are presented,The columnar content of aerosols is computed by integrating the height profiles of nighttime aerosol number density estimated from the Argon ion lidar observations collected at the ⅡTM, Pune for the one year period from October 1986 to September 1987.The results of the study indicated that the aerosol content was higher during winter than during monsoon months by over 78% with an annual mean columnar aerosol content of 1.66×10~8 cm^(-2).The observed seasonal variaticn of aerosol content was found to be associated with that of surface wind,temperature,relative humidity(R.H.)and rainfall data recorded for the above one year period at the station.展开更多
In this review,the concept of the aviation and aerospace transition zone(AATZ),that is,the area between the highest altitude of aviation vehicles and the lowest altitude of space vehicles,is introduced.It is 50-150 km...In this review,the concept of the aviation and aerospace transition zone(AATZ),that is,the area between the highest altitude of aviation vehicles and the lowest altitude of space vehicles,is introduced.It is 50-150 km away from the Earth’s surface,and the coupling between the AATZ and its upper and lower atmosphere causes complex and unique physical and chemical processes.As a transition zone between space weather and Earth weather,the AATZ has great scientific research value and broad application prospects.Focusing on the dynamics,chemistry,and modeling studies of the atmosphere in this region,we comprehensively analyze and discuss the current research status,current challenges,and future prospects of this region.The propagation,dissipation,and momentum deposition of the atmospheric wave force change the surrounding wind field and temperature structure,forming complex dynamical processes.The mutation enhancement and redistribution of metal atoms and metal ions,as well as the occurrence of airglow,directly or indirectly show the changes in composition and energy transfer caused by complex chemical processes.The modeling studies of the above phenomena are conducive to the deepening of understanding,and the defects of the simulation also reflect the lack of observation on understanding.The discussion in this review encourages more research on the AATZ as well as the development and enrichment of existing observational tools and techniques to fill in the knowledge gaps and enhance the ability to apply the region in the aerospace industry.展开更多
文摘We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The main idea is as follows. The distribution of the electric field around a thundercloud depends on the conductivity profile of the atmosphere. Quasi-static electric fields of a thundercloud decrease in those tropospheric regions where an increase of air conductivity is generated by pre-seismic activities due to emanation of radioactive gas and water into the lower atmosphere. The electric field becomes reduced in the lower troposphere, and the probability decreases of the cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes in such “contaminated” areas. Simultaneously, the electric field grows inside and above the thunderclouds, and hence, we anticipate a growth in the number of horizontal and tilted inter-cloud (or intra-cloud) (both termed as IC discharges) strokes. Spatial orientation of lightning strokes reduces vertical projection of their individual amplitudes, while the rate (median number strokes per a unit time) of discharges grows. We demonstrate that channel tilt of strokes modifies the spectral content of ELF/VLF radio noise and changes the rate of detected pulses during the earthquake preparation phase.
文摘Two hypotheses of modern warming are considered:natural and anthropogenic.The probabilities of each of them are compared.It is proved that the hypothesis of natural warming is much more likely than the hypothesis of anthropogenic warming.It is shown that the displacement of the Sun from the center of mass of the solar system directly affects the temperature of the surface atmosphere in the synoptic regions of Eurasia.This result corresponds to the model of E.P.Borysenkov with variations of the solar constant or,equivalently,with variations of the Bond albedo.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0105)the National key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2807203,2022YFC3702001-03)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41830968)Key Project of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A high-resolution meteorological dataset(≤10 km)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is the foundation for investigating and predicting the weather and climate over Asia.The TP Subregional Dynamical Downscaling(TPSDD)dataset is a newly developed high-spatial-temporal resolution gridded dataset for land‒air exchange pro-cesses and lower atmospheric structure studies over the whole TP region,taking the climate characteristics of each TP subregion into consideration.The dataset spans from 1981 to 2020,covering the TP with a temporal resolution of 2 hr and spatial resolution of 10 km.Meteorological elements of the dataset include near-surface land-air exchange parameters,such as downward/upward long-wave/shortwave radiation flux,sensible heat flux,latent heat flux,etc.In addition,the vertical distributions of 3-dimensional wind,temperature,humidity,and pressure from the surface to the lower stratosphere are also included.Independent evaluations were con-ducted to verify the performance of the TPSDD dataset by compar-ing TPSDD/reanalysis with surface and vertical observations through the calculation of statistical parameters.The results demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of this dataset against reanalysis data,which provides great potential for future climate change research.
文摘Results of the study of seasonal variation of total column content of aerosols in the 50—1100 m height region are presented,The columnar content of aerosols is computed by integrating the height profiles of nighttime aerosol number density estimated from the Argon ion lidar observations collected at the ⅡTM, Pune for the one year period from October 1986 to September 1987.The results of the study indicated that the aerosol content was higher during winter than during monsoon months by over 78% with an annual mean columnar aerosol content of 1.66×10~8 cm^(-2).The observed seasonal variaticn of aerosol content was found to be associated with that of surface wind,temperature,relative humidity(R.H.)and rainfall data recorded for the above one year period at the station.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.42275060,42405065,42474225,and 42305048)the Independent Innovation Science Fund of the National University of Defense Technology(grant nos.24-ZZCX-JDZ-45 and 25-ZZCX-BC-10)。
文摘In this review,the concept of the aviation and aerospace transition zone(AATZ),that is,the area between the highest altitude of aviation vehicles and the lowest altitude of space vehicles,is introduced.It is 50-150 km away from the Earth’s surface,and the coupling between the AATZ and its upper and lower atmosphere causes complex and unique physical and chemical processes.As a transition zone between space weather and Earth weather,the AATZ has great scientific research value and broad application prospects.Focusing on the dynamics,chemistry,and modeling studies of the atmosphere in this region,we comprehensively analyze and discuss the current research status,current challenges,and future prospects of this region.The propagation,dissipation,and momentum deposition of the atmospheric wave force change the surrounding wind field and temperature structure,forming complex dynamical processes.The mutation enhancement and redistribution of metal atoms and metal ions,as well as the occurrence of airglow,directly or indirectly show the changes in composition and energy transfer caused by complex chemical processes.The modeling studies of the above phenomena are conducive to the deepening of understanding,and the defects of the simulation also reflect the lack of observation on understanding.The discussion in this review encourages more research on the AATZ as well as the development and enrichment of existing observational tools and techniques to fill in the knowledge gaps and enhance the ability to apply the region in the aerospace industry.
