Among the alloying-type anodes,elemental Sb possesses the suitable yet safe plateau,simple lithiation pathway,small voltage polarization,high conductivity,and superior cycle stability.However,challenge is that its int...Among the alloying-type anodes,elemental Sb possesses the suitable yet safe plateau,simple lithiation pathway,small voltage polarization,high conductivity,and superior cycle stability.However,challenge is that its intrinsic capacity is rather low(660 mAh g^(-1)),<1/6 of silicon.Herein,we propose a seamless integration strategy by merging the voltage and capacity of phosphorus and antimony into a solid solution alloy.Interestingly,the enlistment of P is found greatly enlarge the capacity from 660 to 993 mAh g^(-1) for such Sb_(30)P_(30) solid solution,while maintaining a single and stable discharge plateau(~0.79 V)similar to elemental Sb.Various experimental characterizations including XPS,PDF,Raman,and EDS mapping reveal that in such a material the P and Sb atoms have interacted with each other to form a homogenous solid solution alloy,rather than a simple mixing of the two substances.Thus,the Sb_(30)P_(30) exhibits superior rate performances(807 mAh g^(-1) at 5000 mA g^(-1))and cyclability(821 mAh g^(-1) remained after 300 cycles).Furthermore,such Sb_(60-x)P_(x) alloys can even deliver 621 mAh g^(-1) at30℃,which can be served as the alternative anode materials for high-energy and low-temperature batteries.This unique seamless integration strategy based on solid solution chemistry can be easily leveraged to manipulate the capacity of other electrode materials at similar voltage.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have become an ideal alternative to lithium-ion batteries in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their abundant raw materials and cost-effectiveness. With the progress of hum...Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have become an ideal alternative to lithium-ion batteries in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their abundant raw materials and cost-effectiveness. With the progress of human society, the requirements for energy storage systems in extreme environments, such as deep-sea exploration, aerospace missions, and tunnel operations, have become more stringent. The comprehensive performance of NIBs at low temperatures (LTs) has also become an important consideration. Under LT conditions, challenges such as increased viscosity of electrolyte, abnormal growth of solid electrolyte interface, and poor contact between collector and electrode materials emerge. The aforementioned issues hinder the diffusion kinetics of sodium ions (Na^(+)) at the electrode/electrolyte interface and cause rapid degradation of battery performance. Consequently, the optimization of electrolyte composition and cathode/anode materials becomes an effective approach to improve LT performance. This review discusses the conduction behavior and limiting factors of Na^(+) in both solid electrodes and liquid electrolytes at LT. Furthermore, it systematically reviews the recent research progress of LT NIBs from three aspects: cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolyte components. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for developing high-performance LT NIBs.展开更多
A novel Mo-doped CuO catalyst is developed and used for low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR reaction.Compared with the undoped CuO sample,the Mo doped CuO catalyst shows an increased SCR performance with above 80%NO_(x) conver...A novel Mo-doped CuO catalyst is developed and used for low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR reaction.Compared with the undoped CuO sample,the Mo doped CuO catalyst shows an increased SCR performance with above 80%NO_(x) conversion at 175℃.The XRD and Raman results have confirmed the incorporation of Mo metal ions into CuO lattice to form Mo-O-Cu species which may be related to the enhanced SCR activity.The XPS and UV-vis results reveal the creation of electron interaction between Cu and Mo in this Mo-O-Cu system which provides an increased amount of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites,thereby promoting the adsorption capacity of NH_(3) and NO_(x) as verified by NH_(3)-TPD and NO_(x)-TPD characterization.Besides,it also promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies,leading to the increasing of chemisorbed oxygen species,which improves the NO oxidation to NO_(2) activity.Furthermore,in situ DRIFTS technology was also used to study the reaction mechanism of this Mo doped CuO catalyst.The formed NO_(2) could react with NHx(x=3,2)species to enhance the low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR activity via the"fast-SCR"reaction pathway.The nitrate and nitrite ad-species may react with NH_(3) and NH4^(+)ad-species through the L-H pathway.展开更多
In this work,a multi-core-shell-structured LiFePO_(4)@Na_(3) V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C(LFP@NVP@C) composite was successfully designed and prepared to address inferior low-temperature performance of LiFePO_(4) cathode for li...In this work,a multi-core-shell-structured LiFePO_(4)@Na_(3) V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C(LFP@NVP@C) composite was successfully designed and prepared to address inferior low-temperature performance of LiFePO_(4) cathode for lithium-ion batteries.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) confirms the inner NVP and outer carbon layers coexisted on the surface of LFP particle.When evaluated at low-temperature operation,LFP@NVP@C composite exhibits an evidently enhanced electrochemical performance in term of higher capacity and lower polarization,compared with LFP@C.Even at-10℃ with 0.5 C,LFP@NVP@C delivers a discharge capacity of ca.96.9 mAh-g^(-1) and discharge voltage of ca.3.3 V,which is attributed to the beneficial contribution of NVP coating.NAS ICON-structured NVP with an open framework for readily insertion/desertion of Li+ will effectively reduce the polarization for the electrochemical reactions of the designed LFP@NVP@C composite.展开更多
Low-temperature performance and high-rate discharge capability of AB5-type non-stoichiometric hydrogen storage are studied. X-ray diffraction(XRD),pressure-composition-temperature(PCT) curves and electrochemical imped...Low-temperature performance and high-rate discharge capability of AB5-type non-stoichiometric hydrogen storage are studied. X-ray diffraction(XRD),pressure-composition-temperature(PCT) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) are applied to characterize the electrochemical properties of ABx(x=4.8,4.9,5.0,5.1,5.2) alloys. The results show that the non-stoichiometric alloys exhibit better electrochemical properties compared with that of the AB5 alloy.展开更多
This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0...This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.展开更多
Achieving an in-depth understanding of the nexus between temperature and phase transitions is paramount for advancing the electrochemical efficiency of aqueous zinc ion batteries.Yet,the intricacies of electrochemical...Achieving an in-depth understanding of the nexus between temperature and phase transitions is paramount for advancing the electrochemical efficiency of aqueous zinc ion batteries.Yet,the intricacies of electrochemical interactions,particularly those associated with the structural evolution over extended periods,remain enigmatic.In this research,we leverage V_(2)O_(5) as an initial structural model of crystals to demystify the kinetics of electrode reactions and the decay mechanism of global electrochemical degradation by meticulously controlling the crystal defects via applying different mechanical grounding intensities.It is noted that the grounding V_(2)O_(5)(GVO)can exhibit a stable crystal structure that suppresses the dissolution/shuttling of vanadium and mitigates Zn anodes by-products caused by electrochemical processes.Thus,the GVO is utilized as the cathode material,achieving excellent Zn storage capacity at both room temperature and low temperatures,e.g.,380 and 246 mA h g^(−1) at room temperature and−20℃,respectively.Remarkably,the GVO cathode retains a specific capacity of 160 mA h g^(−1) with a capacity retention rate of 99%after 1500 cycles at−20℃ and 1 A g^(−1).This work provides a novel insight into the electrochemical crosstalk behavior of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)in a wide range of temperatures.展开更多
Because of their excellent low-temperature(−15 to−40℃)tolerance,sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a complement to lithium-ion batteries for use in extremely cold environments(e.g.high-latitude areas).Hard carbon h...Because of their excellent low-temperature(−15 to−40℃)tolerance,sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a complement to lithium-ion batteries for use in extremely cold environments(e.g.high-latitude areas).Hard carbon has a high low-voltage sodium storage capacity and a good initial efficiency,making it one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.It has a complex structure,featuring closed pores,nano graphitic domains,and surface functional groups.The sodium storage sites in hard carbon are reviewed as are the widely accepted sodium storage mechanisms.The main factors contributing to the degradation of the good low-temperature performance in hard carbon anodes are considered,including sodium dendrite formation,low ion diffusion rates,and surface-side reactions.Finally,strategies to increase the low-temperature sodium storage performance of hard carbon anodes are summarized,including bulk structure design,and improvements in interfaces and cut-off voltage.Guidance is provided for improving the low-temperature performance of hard carbon anodes to accelerate the development of these batteries.展开更多
The design and development of high-performance anodes pose significant challenges in the construction of next-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Sodium molybdate dihydrate(Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O)h...The design and development of high-performance anodes pose significant challenges in the construction of next-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Sodium molybdate dihydrate(Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O)has garnered increasing attention due to its cost-effectiveness,non-toxicity and earth abundance.To enhance the Li storage performance of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O,a crystallographic orientation regulation strategy is proposed in this work.Initially,density functional theory calculations are carried out to demonstrate that the(020)crystal plane of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O offers the lowest energy barrier for Li^(+)migration.Subsequently,the preferred crystallographic orientation of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O crystal is tuned through a low-temperature recrystallization method.Furthermore,the microstructure and phase changes of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O during the lithiation/de-lithiation process are studied using in situ and ex situ XRD tests,ex situ XPS and cyclic voltammetry to unravel its Li^(+)storage mechanism.Upon application as LIBs anode,the Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O single-crystal particles with a preferred(020)surface exhibit superior reversible capacity,high-capacity retention and high cycling stability.The enhanced Li storage performance should be attributed to the regulated crystallographic orientation and small changes in the crystal microstructure during the charge/discharge process,which facilitates Li^(+)migration and bolsters structural stability.Notably,this study introduces a novel concept and a simple synthesis method for the advancement of electrodes in rechargeable batteries.展开更多
The distributions of framework aluminum(Al)in zeolites critically govern the location and speciation of active copper(Cu)centers,thereby influencing their performance in ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SC...The distributions of framework aluminum(Al)in zeolites critically govern the location and speciation of active copper(Cu)centers,thereby influencing their performance in ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR)of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)).Conventional Cu-SSZ-39(Cu-SSZ-39-T)exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability but limited low-temperature activity(150–225℃)due to a low concentration of Al in 8-membered rings(8MRs)that inhibits the formation of active[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Herein,an SSZ-39 zeolite synthesized with potassium ions(SSZ-39-K)achieved a significantly higher 8MR Al fraction(37.6%).Density functional theory calculations and H_(2)-temperature-programmed reduction analyses confirmed that the increased 8MR Al population facilitated the formation of[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Aged Cu-SSZ-39-K exhibited nearly twice the NO_(x)conversion of aged Cu-SSZ-39-T in the 150–225℃range while maintaining comparable high-temperature activity(250–550℃)under a gas hourly space velocity of 250,000 h^(-1).Enhanced low-temperature performance is particularly beneficial for mitigating NO_(x)emissions during cold-start phase.Moreover,SSZ-39-K was synthesized with a high crystallization yield(~65%),nearly double the highest yield(33%)reported for direct synthesis routes.This work establishes a robust strategy for tailoring Al distributions in SSZ-39 zeolites,offering an effective pathway to improve low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR performance and promote practical implementation.展开更多
This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s...This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s low-temperature denitrification activity.After identifying optimal preparation parameters via condition screening,multiple characterization techniques-including BET,XRD,XPS,H_(2)-TPR and in situ DRIFTS-were employed to deeply analyze the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.Results demonstrated that compared to the impregnation and co-precipitation methods,the Ce-Co_(0.025)/TiO_(2)-SG catalyst(prepared by the sol-gel method with a Co/Ti mass ratio of 0.025)exhibited significantly superior denitrification activity:NO conversion remained stably above 95%in the 225−350℃ temperature range,and it displayed high N_(2) selectivity.Characterization analysis revealed that abundant surface oxygen vacancies,a high proportion of Ce^(3+) species,and prominent acidic sites collectively contributed to enhancing its low-temperature denitrification performance.This work provides reference value for the development of highly efficient low-temperature denitrification catalysts.展开更多
Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)-Φ(Φ=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 3.0)binary composites and Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying.The effect of equivale...Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)-Φ(Φ=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 3.0)binary composites and Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying.The effect of equivalence ratio(Φ)on the reaction properties is systematically investigated in the binary Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)system.For ternary systems,electrostatic spraying allows both components to be efficiently encapsulated by P(VDF-HFP)and to achieve structural stabilization and enhanced reactivity through synergistic interfacial interactions.Morphological analysis using SEM/TEM revealed that P(VDF-HFP)formed a protective layer on Al and NH_(4)CoF_(3)particles,improving dispersion,hydrophobicity(water contact angle increased by 80.5%compared to physically mixed composites),and corrosion resistance.Thermal decomposition of NH_(4)CoF_(3)occurred at 265℃,releasing NH_(3)and HF,which triggered exothermic reactions with Al.The ternary composites exhibited a narrowed main reaction temperature range and concentrated heat release,attributed to improved interfacial contact and polymer decomposition.Combustion tests demonstrated that Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)achieved self-sustaining combustion.In addition,a simple validation was done by replacing the Al component in the aluminium-containing propellant,demonstrating its potential application in the propellant field.This work establishes a novel strategy for designing stable,high-energy composites with potential applications in advanced propulsion systems.展开更多
The adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 toward pyridine,aniline or quinoline in simulated fuels with basic nitrogen content of 1732μg/g was evaluated separately.Furthermore,the effects of adsorp...The adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 toward pyridine,aniline or quinoline in simulated fuels with basic nitrogen content of 1732μg/g was evaluated separately.Furthermore,the effects of adsorption temperature,adsorption time and adsorbent dosage on their adsorptive denitrification performance were systematically investigated.The experimental results demonstrated that under a fixed adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g and a simulated fuel volume of 10 mL,the optimal removal efficiency for aniline was achieved at 30℃ within 30 min,whereas higher temperatures and longer times(40℃and 40 min)were required for effective removal of pyridine and quinoline.Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations were conducted via Materials Studio(MS)software to study the adsorptive denitrification mechanism of MIL-101(Cr)toward these three basic nitrogen-containing compounds.The simulation calculation results revealed that the interaction between pyridine and MIL-101(Cr)primarily involved coordination adsorption.In contrast,the interaction between aniline or quinoline and MIL-101(Cr)proceeded mainly through coordination,with additional contributions fromπ-complexation and hydrogen bonding.The overall adsorption strength order is pyridine>aniline>quinoline.During the adsorption process,pyridine and quinoline transfer electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through the H→C→N→Cr^(3+)pathway,while aniline transfers electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through various pathways,including N→Cr^(3+),N→C→Cr^(3+)and N→H→O.Furthermore,adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption processes for all three basic nitrogen-containing compounds followed the quasi second order kinetic models.The experimental results on the effect of benzene on the adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 demonstrated that benzene exerted a more significant impact on the adsorption of aniline and quinoline.Finally,the adsorbent was regenerated using ethanol washing.It was found that MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 retained stable denitrification performance after two regeneration cycles.展开更多
To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content ...To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.展开更多
Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigat...Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temp...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.展开更多
In order to explore the effects of CaO,lignite dust and sawdust on the drying characteristics ofmunicipal sludge at different concentrations,a three-factor three-level regression experiment was carried out based on th...In order to explore the effects of CaO,lignite dust and sawdust on the drying characteristics ofmunicipal sludge at different concentrations,a three-factor three-level regression experiment was carried out based on the results of thermogravimetric experiment and single factor experiment.By fitting three common mathematical models,the Page model with the highest fitting degree was selected to determine the most suitable mathematical model to describe the municipal sludge drying process.In addition,the Box-Behnken design principle in the response surface method was used to analyze the interaction of three factors on the drying characteristics of municipal sludge.The results of the study show that below 100℃is the optimal drying temperature range for municipal sludge.The results of single factor experiments showed that the order of influence of the three factors on sludge drying time was CaO concentration>sawdust concentration>lignite dust concentration.In the single factor experiment,the optimal process parameterswere CaOconcentration 3%,lignite powder concentration 7%,and sawdust concentration 7%.In themulti-factor interaction analysis,the interaction between CaO and sawdust had the most significant effect on the reduction of drying time,and the order of influence was as follows:CaO interaction with sawdust>lignite dust interaction with sawdust>CaO interaction with lignite powder.Further analysis showed that the optimal process ratio was 3%CaO concentration and 3%sawdust concentration.展开更多
In composite solid propellants with high aluminum(Al)content and low burning rate,incomplete combustion of the Al powder may occur.In this study,varying lithium(Li)content in Al-Li alloy powder was utilized instead of...In composite solid propellants with high aluminum(Al)content and low burning rate,incomplete combustion of the Al powder may occur.In this study,varying lithium(Li)content in Al-Li alloy powder was utilized instead of pure aluminum particles to mitigate agglomeration and enhance the combustion efficiency of solid propellants(Combustion efficiency herein refers to the completeness of metallic fuel oxidation,quantified as the ratio of actual-to-theoretical energy released during combustion)with high Al content and low burning rates.The impact of Al-Li alloy with different Li contents on combustion and agglomeration of solid propellant was investigated using explosion heat,combustion heat,differential thermal analysis(DTA),thermos-gravimetric analysis(TG),dynamic high-pressure combustion test,ignition experiment of small solid rocket motor(SRM)tests,condensation combustion product collection,and X-ray diffraction techniques(XRD).Compared with pure Al,Al-Li alloys exhibit higher combustion heat,which contributes to improved combustion efficiency in Al-Li alloy-containing propellants.DTA and TG analyses demonstrated higher reactivity and lower ignition temperatures for Al-Li alloys.High-pressure combustion experiments at 5 MPa showed that Al-Li alloy fuel significantly decreases combustion agglomeration.The results from theφ75 mm andφ165 mm SRM and XRD tests further support this finding.This study provides novel insights into the combustion and agglomeration behaviors of high-Al,low-burning-rate composite solid propellants and supports the potential application of Al-Li alloys in advanced propellant formulations.展开更多
The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-lear...The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.展开更多
In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial...In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial panel data from China(2012–2022)and adopting a business environment perspective,this study applies a Panel Extended Regression Model(PERM),a Panel Simultaneous Equation Model(PSEM),and a Tobit-IV model to analyze how the development of the digital economy influences regional innovation.The results reveal a pronounced U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the regional innovation performance at the provincial level in China,with the business environment serving as a significant mediator in this relationship.Moreover,regional innovation performance in China exhibits a“ratchet effect,”with the impact of the digital economy varying markedly across regions.While the eastern and western regions have entered an upward phase,whereby the digital economy boosts innovation,the central region displays a weaker effect.Further analysis indicates that the synergy between the business environment and the digital economy in driving innovation remains suboptimal.These findings were supported by robust checks.This study offers theoretical insights and empirical evidence that support the coordinated development of digital government and the digital factor market,as well as business environment reforms that are in alignment with the innovation demands of the digital era.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52072138,21571073,51772115)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0206900)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2019CFA002)。
文摘Among the alloying-type anodes,elemental Sb possesses the suitable yet safe plateau,simple lithiation pathway,small voltage polarization,high conductivity,and superior cycle stability.However,challenge is that its intrinsic capacity is rather low(660 mAh g^(-1)),<1/6 of silicon.Herein,we propose a seamless integration strategy by merging the voltage and capacity of phosphorus and antimony into a solid solution alloy.Interestingly,the enlistment of P is found greatly enlarge the capacity from 660 to 993 mAh g^(-1) for such Sb_(30)P_(30) solid solution,while maintaining a single and stable discharge plateau(~0.79 V)similar to elemental Sb.Various experimental characterizations including XPS,PDF,Raman,and EDS mapping reveal that in such a material the P and Sb atoms have interacted with each other to form a homogenous solid solution alloy,rather than a simple mixing of the two substances.Thus,the Sb_(30)P_(30) exhibits superior rate performances(807 mAh g^(-1) at 5000 mA g^(-1))and cyclability(821 mAh g^(-1) remained after 300 cycles).Furthermore,such Sb_(60-x)P_(x) alloys can even deliver 621 mAh g^(-1) at30℃,which can be served as the alternative anode materials for high-energy and low-temperature batteries.This unique seamless integration strategy based on solid solution chemistry can be easily leveraged to manipulate the capacity of other electrode materials at similar voltage.
基金Guangdong High-level Innovation Institute Project,Grant/Award Number:2021 B0909050001National Natural Science Foundation(NNSF)of China,Grant/Award Number:22309162GRINM Young Scholar Funding Project,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:12104024。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have become an ideal alternative to lithium-ion batteries in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their abundant raw materials and cost-effectiveness. With the progress of human society, the requirements for energy storage systems in extreme environments, such as deep-sea exploration, aerospace missions, and tunnel operations, have become more stringent. The comprehensive performance of NIBs at low temperatures (LTs) has also become an important consideration. Under LT conditions, challenges such as increased viscosity of electrolyte, abnormal growth of solid electrolyte interface, and poor contact between collector and electrode materials emerge. The aforementioned issues hinder the diffusion kinetics of sodium ions (Na^(+)) at the electrode/electrolyte interface and cause rapid degradation of battery performance. Consequently, the optimization of electrolyte composition and cathode/anode materials becomes an effective approach to improve LT performance. This review discusses the conduction behavior and limiting factors of Na^(+) in both solid electrodes and liquid electrolytes at LT. Furthermore, it systematically reviews the recent research progress of LT NIBs from three aspects: cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolyte components. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for developing high-performance LT NIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21806017,21876019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT20RC(4)003)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1903903).
文摘A novel Mo-doped CuO catalyst is developed and used for low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR reaction.Compared with the undoped CuO sample,the Mo doped CuO catalyst shows an increased SCR performance with above 80%NO_(x) conversion at 175℃.The XRD and Raman results have confirmed the incorporation of Mo metal ions into CuO lattice to form Mo-O-Cu species which may be related to the enhanced SCR activity.The XPS and UV-vis results reveal the creation of electron interaction between Cu and Mo in this Mo-O-Cu system which provides an increased amount of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites,thereby promoting the adsorption capacity of NH_(3) and NO_(x) as verified by NH_(3)-TPD and NO_(x)-TPD characterization.Besides,it also promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies,leading to the increasing of chemisorbed oxygen species,which improves the NO oxidation to NO_(2) activity.Furthermore,in situ DRIFTS technology was also used to study the reaction mechanism of this Mo doped CuO catalyst.The formed NO_(2) could react with NHx(x=3,2)species to enhance the low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR activity via the"fast-SCR"reaction pathway.The nitrate and nitrite ad-species may react with NH_(3) and NH4^(+)ad-species through the L-H pathway.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(No.cstc2019jcyj-msxm1407)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Technology and Business University(No.1952009)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Nos.KJQN201900826 and KJQN201800808)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(No.CX2018129)the Innovation Group of New Technologies for Industrial Pollution Control of Chongqing Education Commission(No.CXQT19023)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)(No.EP/S032886/1)the Key Disciplines of Chemical Engineering and Technology in Chongqing Colleges and Universities during the 13th Five Year Plan。
文摘In this work,a multi-core-shell-structured LiFePO_(4)@Na_(3) V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C(LFP@NVP@C) composite was successfully designed and prepared to address inferior low-temperature performance of LiFePO_(4) cathode for lithium-ion batteries.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) confirms the inner NVP and outer carbon layers coexisted on the surface of LFP particle.When evaluated at low-temperature operation,LFP@NVP@C composite exhibits an evidently enhanced electrochemical performance in term of higher capacity and lower polarization,compared with LFP@C.Even at-10℃ with 0.5 C,LFP@NVP@C delivers a discharge capacity of ca.96.9 mAh-g^(-1) and discharge voltage of ca.3.3 V,which is attributed to the beneficial contribution of NVP coating.NAS ICON-structured NVP with an open framework for readily insertion/desertion of Li+ will effectively reduce the polarization for the electrochemical reactions of the designed LFP@NVP@C composite.
基金Project(2006AA11A151) supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘Low-temperature performance and high-rate discharge capability of AB5-type non-stoichiometric hydrogen storage are studied. X-ray diffraction(XRD),pressure-composition-temperature(PCT) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) are applied to characterize the electrochemical properties of ABx(x=4.8,4.9,5.0,5.1,5.2) alloys. The results show that the non-stoichiometric alloys exhibit better electrochemical properties compared with that of the AB5 alloy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309067)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,China(No.KL21-05)the Marine Equipment and Technology Institute,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,China(No.XTCX202404)。
文摘This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen, China (3502Z202372036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52372191, 52073286 (to CZ Lu), 22275185 (to CZ Lu))+4 种基金the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University (20221XD027, 20221XD045)the Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes (XMIREM)the Autonomously Deployment Project (2023GG01 (to CZ Lu))the Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China (2021ZZ115 (to CZ Lu))the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022TQ0282)。
文摘Achieving an in-depth understanding of the nexus between temperature and phase transitions is paramount for advancing the electrochemical efficiency of aqueous zinc ion batteries.Yet,the intricacies of electrochemical interactions,particularly those associated with the structural evolution over extended periods,remain enigmatic.In this research,we leverage V_(2)O_(5) as an initial structural model of crystals to demystify the kinetics of electrode reactions and the decay mechanism of global electrochemical degradation by meticulously controlling the crystal defects via applying different mechanical grounding intensities.It is noted that the grounding V_(2)O_(5)(GVO)can exhibit a stable crystal structure that suppresses the dissolution/shuttling of vanadium and mitigates Zn anodes by-products caused by electrochemical processes.Thus,the GVO is utilized as the cathode material,achieving excellent Zn storage capacity at both room temperature and low temperatures,e.g.,380 and 246 mA h g^(−1) at room temperature and−20℃,respectively.Remarkably,the GVO cathode retains a specific capacity of 160 mA h g^(−1) with a capacity retention rate of 99%after 1500 cycles at−20℃ and 1 A g^(−1).This work provides a novel insight into the electrochemical crosstalk behavior of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)in a wide range of temperatures.
文摘Because of their excellent low-temperature(−15 to−40℃)tolerance,sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a complement to lithium-ion batteries for use in extremely cold environments(e.g.high-latitude areas).Hard carbon has a high low-voltage sodium storage capacity and a good initial efficiency,making it one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.It has a complex structure,featuring closed pores,nano graphitic domains,and surface functional groups.The sodium storage sites in hard carbon are reviewed as are the widely accepted sodium storage mechanisms.The main factors contributing to the degradation of the good low-temperature performance in hard carbon anodes are considered,including sodium dendrite formation,low ion diffusion rates,and surface-side reactions.Finally,strategies to increase the low-temperature sodium storage performance of hard carbon anodes are summarized,including bulk structure design,and improvements in interfaces and cut-off voltage.Guidance is provided for improving the low-temperature performance of hard carbon anodes to accelerate the development of these batteries.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.ZK 2022-044)the Platform of Science and Technology and Talent Team Plan of Guizhou Province(No.GCC[2023]007)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101010 and 11964006)the Fund of Natural Science Special(Special Post)Research Foundation of Guizhou University(No.2021-018).
文摘The design and development of high-performance anodes pose significant challenges in the construction of next-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Sodium molybdate dihydrate(Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O)has garnered increasing attention due to its cost-effectiveness,non-toxicity and earth abundance.To enhance the Li storage performance of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O,a crystallographic orientation regulation strategy is proposed in this work.Initially,density functional theory calculations are carried out to demonstrate that the(020)crystal plane of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O offers the lowest energy barrier for Li^(+)migration.Subsequently,the preferred crystallographic orientation of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O crystal is tuned through a low-temperature recrystallization method.Furthermore,the microstructure and phase changes of Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O during the lithiation/de-lithiation process are studied using in situ and ex situ XRD tests,ex situ XPS and cyclic voltammetry to unravel its Li^(+)storage mechanism.Upon application as LIBs anode,the Na_(2)MoO_(4)·2H_(2)O single-crystal particles with a preferred(020)surface exhibit superior reversible capacity,high-capacity retention and high cycling stability.The enhanced Li storage performance should be attributed to the regulated crystallographic orientation and small changes in the crystal microstructure during the charge/discharge process,which facilitates Li^(+)migration and bolsters structural stability.Notably,this study introduces a novel concept and a simple synthesis method for the advancement of electrodes in rechargeable batteries.
文摘The distributions of framework aluminum(Al)in zeolites critically govern the location and speciation of active copper(Cu)centers,thereby influencing their performance in ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR)of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)).Conventional Cu-SSZ-39(Cu-SSZ-39-T)exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability but limited low-temperature activity(150–225℃)due to a low concentration of Al in 8-membered rings(8MRs)that inhibits the formation of active[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Herein,an SSZ-39 zeolite synthesized with potassium ions(SSZ-39-K)achieved a significantly higher 8MR Al fraction(37.6%).Density functional theory calculations and H_(2)-temperature-programmed reduction analyses confirmed that the increased 8MR Al population facilitated the formation of[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Aged Cu-SSZ-39-K exhibited nearly twice the NO_(x)conversion of aged Cu-SSZ-39-T in the 150–225℃range while maintaining comparable high-temperature activity(250–550℃)under a gas hourly space velocity of 250,000 h^(-1).Enhanced low-temperature performance is particularly beneficial for mitigating NO_(x)emissions during cold-start phase.Moreover,SSZ-39-K was synthesized with a high crystallization yield(~65%),nearly double the highest yield(33%)reported for direct synthesis routes.This work establishes a robust strategy for tailoring Al distributions in SSZ-39 zeolites,offering an effective pathway to improve low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR performance and promote practical implementation.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB4102903)。
文摘This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s low-temperature denitrification activity.After identifying optimal preparation parameters via condition screening,multiple characterization techniques-including BET,XRD,XPS,H_(2)-TPR and in situ DRIFTS-were employed to deeply analyze the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.Results demonstrated that compared to the impregnation and co-precipitation methods,the Ce-Co_(0.025)/TiO_(2)-SG catalyst(prepared by the sol-gel method with a Co/Ti mass ratio of 0.025)exhibited significantly superior denitrification activity:NO conversion remained stably above 95%in the 225−350℃ temperature range,and it displayed high N_(2) selectivity.Characterization analysis revealed that abundant surface oxygen vacancies,a high proportion of Ce^(3+) species,and prominent acidic sites collectively contributed to enhancing its low-temperature denitrification performance.This work provides reference value for the development of highly efficient low-temperature denitrification catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51706105)。
文摘Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)-Φ(Φ=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 3.0)binary composites and Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying.The effect of equivalence ratio(Φ)on the reaction properties is systematically investigated in the binary Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)system.For ternary systems,electrostatic spraying allows both components to be efficiently encapsulated by P(VDF-HFP)and to achieve structural stabilization and enhanced reactivity through synergistic interfacial interactions.Morphological analysis using SEM/TEM revealed that P(VDF-HFP)formed a protective layer on Al and NH_(4)CoF_(3)particles,improving dispersion,hydrophobicity(water contact angle increased by 80.5%compared to physically mixed composites),and corrosion resistance.Thermal decomposition of NH_(4)CoF_(3)occurred at 265℃,releasing NH_(3)and HF,which triggered exothermic reactions with Al.The ternary composites exhibited a narrowed main reaction temperature range and concentrated heat release,attributed to improved interfacial contact and polymer decomposition.Combustion tests demonstrated that Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)achieved self-sustaining combustion.In addition,a simple validation was done by replacing the Al component in the aluminium-containing propellant,demonstrating its potential application in the propellant field.This work establishes a novel strategy for designing stable,high-energy composites with potential applications in advanced propulsion systems.
基金Supported by Basic Scientific Research Project of the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Has Been Unveiled to Facilitate Local Project Funding (JYTMS20230835)Enhanced Scientific Research Project Funded by the Departmentof Higher Education in Liaoning Province (General program)(JYTMS20230852)。
文摘The adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 toward pyridine,aniline or quinoline in simulated fuels with basic nitrogen content of 1732μg/g was evaluated separately.Furthermore,the effects of adsorption temperature,adsorption time and adsorbent dosage on their adsorptive denitrification performance were systematically investigated.The experimental results demonstrated that under a fixed adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g and a simulated fuel volume of 10 mL,the optimal removal efficiency for aniline was achieved at 30℃ within 30 min,whereas higher temperatures and longer times(40℃and 40 min)were required for effective removal of pyridine and quinoline.Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations were conducted via Materials Studio(MS)software to study the adsorptive denitrification mechanism of MIL-101(Cr)toward these three basic nitrogen-containing compounds.The simulation calculation results revealed that the interaction between pyridine and MIL-101(Cr)primarily involved coordination adsorption.In contrast,the interaction between aniline or quinoline and MIL-101(Cr)proceeded mainly through coordination,with additional contributions fromπ-complexation and hydrogen bonding.The overall adsorption strength order is pyridine>aniline>quinoline.During the adsorption process,pyridine and quinoline transfer electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through the H→C→N→Cr^(3+)pathway,while aniline transfers electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through various pathways,including N→Cr^(3+),N→C→Cr^(3+)and N→H→O.Furthermore,adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption processes for all three basic nitrogen-containing compounds followed the quasi second order kinetic models.The experimental results on the effect of benzene on the adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 demonstrated that benzene exerted a more significant impact on the adsorption of aniline and quinoline.Finally,the adsorbent was regenerated using ethanol washing.It was found that MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 retained stable denitrification performance after two regeneration cycles.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange special project of Cooperation of Shanxi Province(202404041101014)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021212333)+3 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20555)the Lvliang Key R&D of University-Local Cooperation(2023XDHZ10)the Initiation Fund for Doctoral Research of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(20242026)the Outstanding Doctor Funding Award of Shanxi Province(20242080).
文摘To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.
文摘Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.
基金the financial support from the Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Key Project of Laboratory(2025SYS-SYSZD-117)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JCYBQN-125)+8 种基金Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(0959202513002)the Key Industrial Chain Technology Research Program of Xi'an(24ZDCYJSGG0048)the Key Research and Development Program of Xianyang(L2023-ZDYF-SF-077)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241442)Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024BSHSDZZ070)Research Funds for the Interdisciplinary Projects,CHU(300104240913)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHU(300102385739,300102384201,300102384103)the Scientific Innovation Practice Project of Postgraduate of Chang'an University(300103725063)the financial support from the Australian Research Council。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 52406074the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number 2025T180171+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011270)the China Southern Power Grid Technology Project(GDKJXM20231415/030100KC23120104).
文摘In order to explore the effects of CaO,lignite dust and sawdust on the drying characteristics ofmunicipal sludge at different concentrations,a three-factor three-level regression experiment was carried out based on the results of thermogravimetric experiment and single factor experiment.By fitting three common mathematical models,the Page model with the highest fitting degree was selected to determine the most suitable mathematical model to describe the municipal sludge drying process.In addition,the Box-Behnken design principle in the response surface method was used to analyze the interaction of three factors on the drying characteristics of municipal sludge.The results of the study show that below 100℃is the optimal drying temperature range for municipal sludge.The results of single factor experiments showed that the order of influence of the three factors on sludge drying time was CaO concentration>sawdust concentration>lignite dust concentration.In the single factor experiment,the optimal process parameterswere CaOconcentration 3%,lignite powder concentration 7%,and sawdust concentration 7%.In themulti-factor interaction analysis,the interaction between CaO and sawdust had the most significant effect on the reduction of drying time,and the order of influence was as follows:CaO interaction with sawdust>lignite dust interaction with sawdust>CaO interaction with lignite powder.Further analysis showed that the optimal process ratio was 3%CaO concentration and 3%sawdust concentration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2441263)for financial support of this work。
文摘In composite solid propellants with high aluminum(Al)content and low burning rate,incomplete combustion of the Al powder may occur.In this study,varying lithium(Li)content in Al-Li alloy powder was utilized instead of pure aluminum particles to mitigate agglomeration and enhance the combustion efficiency of solid propellants(Combustion efficiency herein refers to the completeness of metallic fuel oxidation,quantified as the ratio of actual-to-theoretical energy released during combustion)with high Al content and low burning rates.The impact of Al-Li alloy with different Li contents on combustion and agglomeration of solid propellant was investigated using explosion heat,combustion heat,differential thermal analysis(DTA),thermos-gravimetric analysis(TG),dynamic high-pressure combustion test,ignition experiment of small solid rocket motor(SRM)tests,condensation combustion product collection,and X-ray diffraction techniques(XRD).Compared with pure Al,Al-Li alloys exhibit higher combustion heat,which contributes to improved combustion efficiency in Al-Li alloy-containing propellants.DTA and TG analyses demonstrated higher reactivity and lower ignition temperatures for Al-Li alloys.High-pressure combustion experiments at 5 MPa showed that Al-Li alloy fuel significantly decreases combustion agglomeration.The results from theφ75 mm andφ165 mm SRM and XRD tests further support this finding.This study provides novel insights into the combustion and agglomeration behaviors of high-Al,low-burning-rate composite solid propellants and supports the potential application of Al-Li alloys in advanced propellant formulations.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52450003,U2341267,and 52174294)+1 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents,China(No.BX20240437)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.FRF-IDRY-23-037 and FRF-TP-20-02C2)。
文摘The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.
基金National Social Science Fund of China(18KXS009)the Sichuan Provincial Soft Science Program(22JDR0261)the Sichuan University“From 0 to 1”Innovation Research Program(2021CXC10)。
文摘In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial panel data from China(2012–2022)and adopting a business environment perspective,this study applies a Panel Extended Regression Model(PERM),a Panel Simultaneous Equation Model(PSEM),and a Tobit-IV model to analyze how the development of the digital economy influences regional innovation.The results reveal a pronounced U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the regional innovation performance at the provincial level in China,with the business environment serving as a significant mediator in this relationship.Moreover,regional innovation performance in China exhibits a“ratchet effect,”with the impact of the digital economy varying markedly across regions.While the eastern and western regions have entered an upward phase,whereby the digital economy boosts innovation,the central region displays a weaker effect.Further analysis indicates that the synergy between the business environment and the digital economy in driving innovation remains suboptimal.These findings were supported by robust checks.This study offers theoretical insights and empirical evidence that support the coordinated development of digital government and the digital factor market,as well as business environment reforms that are in alignment with the innovation demands of the digital era.
