To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subseq...To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-form...Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.展开更多
Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship b...Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and gut microbiota in growing pigs.Methods Thirty-six growing barrows(47.2±1.5 kg)were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 2 apparent viscosity levels and 3β-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios.In the experiment,nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,fecal microbial community,and production and absorption of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)of pigs were investigated.In vitro digestion and fermentation models were used to compare the fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs and ileal digesta in the pig’s hindgut.Results The production dynamics of SCFA and dry matter corrected gas production of different feedstuffs during in vitro fermentation were different and closely related to the physical properties and chemical structure of the fiber.In animal experiments,increasing the dietary apparent viscosity and theβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased the apparent ileal digestibility(AID),apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD),and hindgut digestibility of fiber components while decreasing the AID and ATTD of dry matter and organic matter(P<0.05).In addition,increasing dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased gas exchange,heat production,and protein oxidation,and decreased energy deposition(P<0.05).The dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucanto-arabinoxylan ratios had linear interaction effects on the digestible energy,metabolizable energy,retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE)of the diets(P<0.05).At the same time,the increase of dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased SCFA production and absorption(P<0.05).Increasing the dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Furthermore,increasing the dietaryβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios led to a linear increase in SCFA production during the in vitro fermentation of ileal digesta(P<0.001).Finally,the prediction equations for RE and NE were established.Conclusion Dietary fiber physicochemical properties alter dietary fermentation patterns and regulate nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and pig gut microbiota composition and metabolites.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aq...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.展开更多
Electrochemical metallurgy at low temperature(<473 K)shows promise for the extraction and refinement of metals and alloys in a green and sustainable manner.However,the kinetics of the electrodeposition process is g...Electrochemical metallurgy at low temperature(<473 K)shows promise for the extraction and refinement of metals and alloys in a green and sustainable manner.However,the kinetics of the electrodeposition process is generally slow at low temperature,resulting in large overpotential and low current efficiency.Thus,the application of external physical fields has emerged as an effective strategy for improving the mass and charge transfer processes during electrochemical reactions.This review highlights the challenges associated with low-temperature electrochemical processes and briefly discusses recent achievements in optimizing electrodeposition processes through the use of external physical fields.The regulating effects on the optimization of the electrodeposition process and the strategies for select-ing various external physical fields,including magnetic,supergravity,and ultrasonic fields are summarized from the perspectives of equipment and mechanisms.Finally,advanced methods for in-situ characterization of external physical field-assisted electrodeposition processes are reviewed to gain a deeper understanding of metallic electrodeposition.An in-depth exploration of the mechanism by which external physical fields affect the electrode process is essential for enhancing the efficiency of metal extraction at low temperatures.展开更多
Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Her...Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.),a globally significant cereal crop,is produced in vast quantities worldwide.However,its growth is severely constrained by low temperatures,particularly during seed germination,which significantly im...Maize(Zea mays L.),a globally significant cereal crop,is produced in vast quantities worldwide.However,its growth is severely constrained by low temperatures,particularly during seed germination,which significantly impairs seedling emergence.In this study,genetic diversity across six germination-associated phenotypic traits(RGR,RSL,RTL,RRSA,RRV,and RSVI)of 304 inbred lines was analyzed,to evaluate the capacity of these lines for low-temperature tolerance.Genome-wide association study(GWAS)was carried out by combining six germination-associated phenotypic traits and genotypic data from 30-fold resequencing.The gene ZmBARK1 was identified through integrated GWAS and RNA-seq analyses,and its association with low-temperature tolerance during maize germination was validated by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).ZmBARK1,encoding BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1,was located on the bin 4.09 region of maize chromosome 4.Amino acid comparison and subcellular localization analyses revealed that ZmBARK1 is highly homologous to AtBAK1 and is localized to the plasma membrane of the cell,which may be involved in regulating brassinosteroid(BR)signaling.In addition,we revealed the role of ZmBARK1 in low-temperature tolerance during maize germination.Compared with wild-type(WT),the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant zmbark1 was characterized by substantially enhanced low-temperature tolerance.Overall,these findings provide promising candidate genes,improve low-temperature tolerance in maize,and advance the understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying maize's response to low-temperature stress.展开更多
Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans for several decades. Apart from this production performance, the quality of the beans, which are mainly exported to the major chocolate-making ...Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans for several decades. Apart from this production performance, the quality of the beans, which are mainly exported to the major chocolate-making countries, presents a quality problem to the point of suffering a discount on the international market. One of these quality problems is the content of ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin produced by fungi. Finally, to verify the level of contamination in beans produced in Côte d’Ivoire, a study was carried out. It consisted of collecting information on fermentation and drying times (The two major post-harvest operations) and collecting beans, which were analyzed by electrophoresis using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results obtained show ochratoxin A contents of between 0.05 µg/kg and 0.17 µg/kg. The general level of contamination is therefore very low and below the tolerable limit which is 2 µg/kg. In addition, the correlative study between the fermentation and drying times of the beans revealed no significant influence (p < 0.01) of the duration of these operations on the level of ochratoxin A contamination. Major contamination can occur after post-harvest activities carried out by producers. This is certainly due to the development of fungi responsible for the production of ochratoxin A during the period of storage and marketing of cocoa beans in conditions of high humidity in storage enclosures. Producers need to be made more aware of the need to ensure that cocoa beans are properly dried and stored in dry areas to avoid moisture build-up, which is a source of mould growth and ochratoxin A production.展开更多
Magnesium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their lightweight.However,their poor fatigue performance limits the broader application,especially in dynamic stress environments.This stu...Magnesium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their lightweight.However,their poor fatigue performance limits the broader application,especially in dynamic stress environments.This study explores novel coupled pretreatments of free-end largeangle pre-torsion and low-temperature aging to improve the fatigue resistance of rolled ZK60 magnesium alloy.STA(pre-torsion followed by low-temperature aging)and SAT(low-temperature aging followed by pre-torsion)samples were prepared to investigate the influences of pretreatment coupling sequences.The results of microstructure characterization reveal that pre-torsion significantly enhances the formation of tensile twins and introduces a gradient microstructure with increased dislocation density from the center to the edges.STA process resulted in the highest twinning area fraction of 35.2% and a kernel average misorientation of 0.94 at the edge.Mechanical testing demonstrated that the coupled pre-treatment obtained a better combination of strength and plasticity,significantly improved the yield strength in the compression stage,and increased the tensile-compressive yield ratio to>0.9.In the low-cycle fatigue test,the STA samples exhibited lower cyclic mean stress,a smaller cyclic hardening trend,and better hysteretic symmetry,leading to an improvement in fatigue life of up to 256%.The findings suggest that the combined pre-torsion and low-temperature aging treatments offer a promising approach to enhance the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy,making it suitable for structural applications in demanding environments.展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wil...Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wild-type RR,mutant sitiens(sit),and ABA-pretreated sit tomato seedlings following exposure to low-temperature(LT)stress.We found that the net photosynthetic rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of sit seedlings were lower than those of RR seedlings under LT stress.The chloroplast width,area,and number of osmiophilic granules were significantly larger in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings,while the chloroplast length/width ratio was significantly lower in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings.The photochemical activity of sit seedlings was lower,and the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in sit seedlings was altered following exposure to LT stress.ABA pretreatment significantly alleviated the above phenomenon.We also conducted an RNA sequencing analysis and characterized the expression patterns of genes in tomato seedlings following exposure to LT stress.We constructed 15 cDNA libraries and identified several differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis,plant hormone signaling transduction,and primary and secondary metabolism.Additional analyses of genes encoding transcription factors and proteins involved in photosynthesis-related processes showed pronounced changes in expression under LT stress.Luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that WRKY22 regulates the expression of PsbA.The PSII of WRKY22 and PsbA-silenced plants was inhibited.Our findings indicate that ABA plays a role in regulating the process of photosynthesis and protecting PSII in tomato under LT stress through the WRKY22-PsbA complex.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of tota...[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.展开更多
Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant prod...Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.展开更多
The occurrence of tetragonal to monoclinic phase(t→m)transformation in zirconia ceramics under humid ambient conditions induces the low-temperature degradation(LTD).Such t→m transformation could be suppressed by gra...The occurrence of tetragonal to monoclinic phase(t→m)transformation in zirconia ceramics under humid ambient conditions induces the low-temperature degradation(LTD).Such t→m transformation could be suppressed by grain size refinement or/and doping small amounts of alumina.Fine-grained dense 3mol%yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystal(3Y-TZP)ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering a zirconia powder doped with 0.25wt%alumina.The LTD behaviors of as-prepared 3Y-TZP ceramics were evaluated by accelerated aging at 134℃in water.The samples sintered at 1300℃for 2 h achieve the relative density higher than 99.9%with the average grain size of 147 nm.The 3Y-TZP ceramic exhibits excellent LTD resistance that no t→m transformation takes place after 125 h accelerated aging.Large amounts of defects were observed inside grains evidenced by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopic(HRTEM)analysis.It is proposed that the presence of defects enhances the sintering kinetics and favors the present low-temperature densification.Possible reasons for defects formation were discussed and the mechanical properties of the 3Y-TZP ceramic were reported as well.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fat on energy and nitrogen(N)metabolism efficiency,rumen fermentation,and microbiota in twin suckling lambs.Thirty pairs of twin male lambs were randomly...The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fat on energy and nitrogen(N)metabolism efficiency,rumen fermentation,and microbiota in twin suckling lambs.Thirty pairs of twin male lambs were randomly divided into two groups with one group receiving a high-fat diet(HF)and the other a normal-fat diet(NF).Two diets(milk replacer and starter)of equal protein and different fat levels.The metabolism test was conducted when the lambs were 50-60 days old,and nine pairs of twin lambs were randomly selected for slaughter to collect rumen fluid at 60 days old.The result showed that fat addition increased the final body weight(BW),ruminal ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)content,proportion of propionic acid,and estimated methane production(CH_(4e))(P<0.05).The high fat diet tended to improve digestive energy(DE),metabolism energy(ME),DE/ME,utilisation of N(0.05<P<0.1).However,microbial crude protein(MCP)content,total volatile fatty acids(VFA),acetic acid ratio,and the ratio of acetate to propionate(A:P)were lower than that in the NF group(P<0.05).Regardless of whether fat is added or not,no different were observed in blood metabolites between the treatment.High-throughput sequencing revealed that fat addition before weaning increased phyla Proteobacteria and genera of Succinivibrio,but decreased the relative abundance of Clostridium IV,Dialister,Roseburia,Acidaminococcus,and Megasphaera genera.These findings indicated that high fat diet improved body weight,energy and nitrogen utilization may by shifting the rumen toward propionate fermentation via the enrichment of Succinivibrio.展开更多
Low-temperature lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted increasing attention,but lithium polysulfide(LiPSs)clu stering and tardy ionic mobility have been challenging issues,which could be exacerbated under high s...Low-temperature lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted increasing attention,but lithium polysulfide(LiPSs)clu stering and tardy ionic mobility have been challenging issues,which could be exacerbated under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte.The distinct behaviors of sulfur cathode in lowtemperature Li-S batteries call for special regulations of the sulfur host to improve the electrochemical performances.Here,a three-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2)micro-cage(TCC)with an interfacial structure modulated by rich curvatures has been fabricated to propel the sulfur electrochemistry at subzero temperatures.Spectroscopic/microscopic analyses and theoretical calculations elucidate that the precipitation of ultrafine Ti-metal particles on the in-situ generated Ti_(3)C_(2)nanoribbons could trigger the self-scrolling of Ti_(3)C_(2)nanoribbons into TCC.Moreover,in-situ ultraviolet-visible spectra collected at low temperature and theoretical calculations verified that the TCC regulated by rich curvatures have effectively alleviated the Li+dissociation barrier,reduced the energy barrier for charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface,and restrained the clustering and shuttling of LiPSs,thus accelerating the electrochemical conversion kinetics of sulfur species at low temperatures.The performances of the carbon-free TCC-S cathode at low temperatures have been also compared from the aspects of cathode configuration and measurement condition,to demonstrate the potential of TCC.This work can not only provide new methodology for regulating the interfacial structure of MXene to enrich the materials library for low-temperature Li-S batteries,but also expand understanding about the role of interfacial structure of sulfur host in Li-S batteries.展开更多
Biological insecticides have gained importance in modern society because they cause minimal environmental harm and reduce pests’ability to develop resistance.Nomuraea rileyi,a facultative entomopathogenic fungus,is s...Biological insecticides have gained importance in modern society because they cause minimal environmental harm and reduce pests’ability to develop resistance.Nomuraea rileyi,a facultative entomopathogenic fungus,is suitable for infecting lepidopteran pests,including Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera.This work aims to identify a suitable semi-solid fermentation medium to increase the conidia production of N.rileyi and enhance its biological control ability as mycoinsecticide.Research is carried out on broken rice,wheat,sorghum,and corn as substrates,both with and without nutrient addition.It also covers incubation under set conditions,colony harvesting,and conidial yield and germination determination using a haemocytometer.All the study was conducted using a completely randomized design(CRD)and a test of significance was set at p<0.05 using analysis of variance(ANOVA).This work aimed to establish the effect of various substrates on growth and conidia formation in N.rileyi.The highest conidia count of 10×10^(8)CFU/g on day 15.The result was obtained from BR+Nu followed by sorghum 7×10^(8)CFU/g,corn 7×10^(8)CFU/g and wheat 6.5×10^(8)CFU/g.Thus,post-drying,the highest corresponding viability was observed in the product containing BR+Nu–6.20×10^(8)CFU/g.Adding rice bran(BR+RB,150 g each)still increases conidial yield up to 14×10^(8) CFU/g at 15 DAI.These indings thus assert that broken rice and supplementation affect conidia yield and viability.展开更多
This study was performed to investigate the changes in microbial communities and metabolites during the long-term fermentation of commercially manufactured anchovy sauce.Samples of commercial anchovy sauce were collec...This study was performed to investigate the changes in microbial communities and metabolites during the long-term fermentation of commercially manufactured anchovy sauce.Samples of commercial anchovy sauce were collected from large-scale fermentation tanks with fermentation periods of up to 7.87 years.The complex bacterial community was simplified to two genera,Tetragenococcus and Halanaerobium,after approximately 0.55 years of fermentation.Although genera,such as Saccharomyces,Cladosporium,Candida,and Aspergillus,were relatively dominant,no clear pattern was identified in fungal community analysis.The longitudinal metabolite profile demonstrated that approximately half(55.8%)of the metabolites present in anchovy sauce were produced within a year of fermentation due to rapid fermentation.Despite the static microbial community,the contents of several metabolites including amino acids and biogenic amines changed continuously during the long-term fermentation of anchovy sauce.This study provides novel insights into the changes in microbiota and metabolites in fish sauce produced without any starter inoculation.展开更多
The olive oil fermentation filtrate was prepared by microbial fermentation technology,and the fermentation process was optimized by orthogonal test to screen out the optimal fermentation conditions.At the same time,th...The olive oil fermentation filtrate was prepared by microbial fermentation technology,and the fermentation process was optimized by orthogonal test to screen out the optimal fermentation conditions.At the same time,the effect of olive oil fermentation filtrate to promote the secretion of type I collagen (COL-I) and type VII collagen (COL-VII) by fibroblasts (HFF-1),the inhibitory effect on the secretion of alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by lipopolysaccharide induced macrophages (RAW264.7),and the inhibitory effect on the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were studied through in vitro cell testing methods.The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions of olive oil fermentation filtrate were as follows,inoculation amount was 3%,inducer amount was 2%,fermentation time was 48 h.Its efficacy can significantly promote the synthesis of COL-I and COL-VII,and significantly inhibit the content of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 as well as ROS content,it has multiple effects of firming,anti-wrinkle,soothing and antioxidant,providing scientific and effective data support for the development of cosmetic raw materials.展开更多
To completely recover valuable elements and reduce the amount of waste,the impact of phosphoric acid on the decomposition of rare earth,fluorine and phosphorus during cyclic leaching was studied based on the character...To completely recover valuable elements and reduce the amount of waste,the impact of phosphoric acid on the decomposition of rare earth,fluorine and phosphorus during cyclic leaching was studied based on the characteristics of low-tempe rature sulfuric acid deco mposition.When a single monazite was leached using 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) solution with phosphoric acid,the size and number of monazite particles in the washing slag gradually decrease with the increase in phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution.The monazite phase can hardly be found in the slag when the phosphoric acid content reaches 70 g/L,which indicates that phosphoric acid is favorable for monazite decomposition.The mixed rare earth concentrate was leached by 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) containing 70 g/L phosphoric acid,the mineral compositions of the washing slag are only gypsum and unwashed rare earth sulfuric acid.After cyclic leaching of75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4),the mineral compositions of the primary leaching washing slag are mainly undecomposed monazite,rare earth sulfate and calcium sulfate.However,monazite is not found in the mineral phase of the second and third leaching washing slag.The leaching rates of rare earth and phosphorus gradually increase with the increase in cyclic leaching times.In addition,the phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution increases with the increase in the number of cyclic leaching time.However,the rising trend decreases when the phosphoric acid content reaches 50 g/L by adsorption and crystallization of phosphoric acid.A small amount of water can be used to clean the leaching residue before washing to recover the more soluble phosphorus acid according to the difference of dissolution between phosphoric acid and rare earth sulfuric acid.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of different bacterial strains and identify the optimal fermentation strain,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development o...[Objectives]This study was conducted to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of different bacterial strains and identify the optimal fermentation strain,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional aloe beverages.[Methods]Using fresh juice from Aloe vera L.as the raw material,the proliferation characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),Lactobacillus reuteri(LR),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(LGG)and Pediococcus pentosaceus(PP)during fermentation were investigated.Changes in pH,total viable bacterial count,total sugars,acemannan(AC),total flavonoid content(TFC)and total phenol content(TPC),and their effects on antioxidant activity(DPPH,ABTS,FRAP)were measured before and after fermentation.[Results]Aloe juice served as an excellent growth substrate for all four lactic acid bacterial strains,with viable bacterial counts significantly increasing after fermentation.The LGG group achieved the highest viable count(12.82 lg CFU/ml),followed by the LP group(12.77 lg CFU/ml).All four strains significantly enhanced the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the aloe juice.The LP group demonstrated the most outstanding performance,achieving the highest increase in TPC,the smallest reduction in TFC(from 0.054 mg/ml to 0.019 mg/ml),and the strongest comprehensive antioxidant activity(DPPH scavenging rate:80.33%,ABTS scavenging rate:93.15%,FRAP value:0.167 mmol/L).Additionally,it also better preserved the functional component AC.[Conclusions]L.plantarum demonstrated optimal performance in enhancing the antioxidant activity and preserving nutritional components of aloe juice,making it an ideal strain for aloe juice fermentation.This study provides a foundation for developing functional aloe beverages.展开更多
文摘To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.
基金financial support from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20240304104SF,20240304103SF)the Research and Innovation Fund of the Beihua University for the Graduate Student(Major Project 2023012)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFD1300201)Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Special Project(No.20230508090RC).
文摘Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and gut microbiota in growing pigs.Methods Thirty-six growing barrows(47.2±1.5 kg)were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 2 apparent viscosity levels and 3β-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios.In the experiment,nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,fecal microbial community,and production and absorption of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)of pigs were investigated.In vitro digestion and fermentation models were used to compare the fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs and ileal digesta in the pig’s hindgut.Results The production dynamics of SCFA and dry matter corrected gas production of different feedstuffs during in vitro fermentation were different and closely related to the physical properties and chemical structure of the fiber.In animal experiments,increasing the dietary apparent viscosity and theβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased the apparent ileal digestibility(AID),apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD),and hindgut digestibility of fiber components while decreasing the AID and ATTD of dry matter and organic matter(P<0.05).In addition,increasing dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased gas exchange,heat production,and protein oxidation,and decreased energy deposition(P<0.05).The dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucanto-arabinoxylan ratios had linear interaction effects on the digestible energy,metabolizable energy,retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE)of the diets(P<0.05).At the same time,the increase of dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased SCFA production and absorption(P<0.05).Increasing the dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Furthermore,increasing the dietaryβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios led to a linear increase in SCFA production during the in vitro fermentation of ileal digesta(P<0.001).Finally,the prediction equations for RE and NE were established.Conclusion Dietary fiber physicochemical properties alter dietary fermentation patterns and regulate nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and pig gut microbiota composition and metabolites.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479022)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007129)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.
基金supported by Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.SML2023SP243)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2906100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92475202)are acknowledged.
文摘Electrochemical metallurgy at low temperature(<473 K)shows promise for the extraction and refinement of metals and alloys in a green and sustainable manner.However,the kinetics of the electrodeposition process is generally slow at low temperature,resulting in large overpotential and low current efficiency.Thus,the application of external physical fields has emerged as an effective strategy for improving the mass and charge transfer processes during electrochemical reactions.This review highlights the challenges associated with low-temperature electrochemical processes and briefly discusses recent achievements in optimizing electrodeposition processes through the use of external physical fields.The regulating effects on the optimization of the electrodeposition process and the strategies for select-ing various external physical fields,including magnetic,supergravity,and ultrasonic fields are summarized from the perspectives of equipment and mechanisms.Finally,advanced methods for in-situ characterization of external physical field-assisted electrodeposition processes are reviewed to gain a deeper understanding of metallic electrodeposition.An in-depth exploration of the mechanism by which external physical fields affect the electrode process is essential for enhancing the efficiency of metal extraction at low temperatures.
基金supported by the Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes (No.2019YSKY-027).
文摘Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(2022ZX02B01)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2022C009)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(K22LB56)。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.),a globally significant cereal crop,is produced in vast quantities worldwide.However,its growth is severely constrained by low temperatures,particularly during seed germination,which significantly impairs seedling emergence.In this study,genetic diversity across six germination-associated phenotypic traits(RGR,RSL,RTL,RRSA,RRV,and RSVI)of 304 inbred lines was analyzed,to evaluate the capacity of these lines for low-temperature tolerance.Genome-wide association study(GWAS)was carried out by combining six germination-associated phenotypic traits and genotypic data from 30-fold resequencing.The gene ZmBARK1 was identified through integrated GWAS and RNA-seq analyses,and its association with low-temperature tolerance during maize germination was validated by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).ZmBARK1,encoding BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1,was located on the bin 4.09 region of maize chromosome 4.Amino acid comparison and subcellular localization analyses revealed that ZmBARK1 is highly homologous to AtBAK1 and is localized to the plasma membrane of the cell,which may be involved in regulating brassinosteroid(BR)signaling.In addition,we revealed the role of ZmBARK1 in low-temperature tolerance during maize germination.Compared with wild-type(WT),the ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)mutant zmbark1 was characterized by substantially enhanced low-temperature tolerance.Overall,these findings provide promising candidate genes,improve low-temperature tolerance in maize,and advance the understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying maize's response to low-temperature stress.
文摘Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans for several decades. Apart from this production performance, the quality of the beans, which are mainly exported to the major chocolate-making countries, presents a quality problem to the point of suffering a discount on the international market. One of these quality problems is the content of ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin produced by fungi. Finally, to verify the level of contamination in beans produced in Côte d’Ivoire, a study was carried out. It consisted of collecting information on fermentation and drying times (The two major post-harvest operations) and collecting beans, which were analyzed by electrophoresis using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results obtained show ochratoxin A contents of between 0.05 µg/kg and 0.17 µg/kg. The general level of contamination is therefore very low and below the tolerable limit which is 2 µg/kg. In addition, the correlative study between the fermentation and drying times of the beans revealed no significant influence (p < 0.01) of the duration of these operations on the level of ochratoxin A contamination. Major contamination can occur after post-harvest activities carried out by producers. This is certainly due to the development of fungi responsible for the production of ochratoxin A during the period of storage and marketing of cocoa beans in conditions of high humidity in storage enclosures. Producers need to be made more aware of the need to ensure that cocoa beans are properly dried and stored in dry areas to avoid moisture build-up, which is a source of mould growth and ochratoxin A production.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175143,and 51571150).
文摘Magnesium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their lightweight.However,their poor fatigue performance limits the broader application,especially in dynamic stress environments.This study explores novel coupled pretreatments of free-end largeangle pre-torsion and low-temperature aging to improve the fatigue resistance of rolled ZK60 magnesium alloy.STA(pre-torsion followed by low-temperature aging)and SAT(low-temperature aging followed by pre-torsion)samples were prepared to investigate the influences of pretreatment coupling sequences.The results of microstructure characterization reveal that pre-torsion significantly enhances the formation of tensile twins and introduces a gradient microstructure with increased dislocation density from the center to the edges.STA process resulted in the highest twinning area fraction of 35.2% and a kernel average misorientation of 0.94 at the edge.Mechanical testing demonstrated that the coupled pre-treatment obtained a better combination of strength and plasticity,significantly improved the yield strength in the compression stage,and increased the tensile-compressive yield ratio to>0.9.In the low-cycle fatigue test,the STA samples exhibited lower cyclic mean stress,a smaller cyclic hardening trend,and better hysteretic symmetry,leading to an improvement in fatigue life of up to 256%.The findings suggest that the combined pre-torsion and low-temperature aging treatments offer a promising approach to enhance the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy,making it suitable for structural applications in demanding environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272791 and 32072651)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-23)+1 种基金the Joint Fund for Innovation Enhancement of Liaoning Province,China(2021-NLTS-11-01)the support program for Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents,China(RC210293)。
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wild-type RR,mutant sitiens(sit),and ABA-pretreated sit tomato seedlings following exposure to low-temperature(LT)stress.We found that the net photosynthetic rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of sit seedlings were lower than those of RR seedlings under LT stress.The chloroplast width,area,and number of osmiophilic granules were significantly larger in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings,while the chloroplast length/width ratio was significantly lower in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings.The photochemical activity of sit seedlings was lower,and the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in sit seedlings was altered following exposure to LT stress.ABA pretreatment significantly alleviated the above phenomenon.We also conducted an RNA sequencing analysis and characterized the expression patterns of genes in tomato seedlings following exposure to LT stress.We constructed 15 cDNA libraries and identified several differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis,plant hormone signaling transduction,and primary and secondary metabolism.Additional analyses of genes encoding transcription factors and proteins involved in photosynthesis-related processes showed pronounced changes in expression under LT stress.Luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that WRKY22 regulates the expression of PsbA.The PSII of WRKY22 and PsbA-silenced plants was inhibited.Our findings indicate that ABA plays a role in regulating the process of photosynthesis and protecting PSII in tomato under LT stress through the WRKY22-PsbA complex.
基金Supported by Shanghai Putuo District R&D Platform Project(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1304200)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-04 and CAAS-ZDRW202305)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Livestock Research System(BAIC05-2023).
文摘Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.
基金financially supported by the Foundation of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry,Hubei University of Technology。
文摘The occurrence of tetragonal to monoclinic phase(t→m)transformation in zirconia ceramics under humid ambient conditions induces the low-temperature degradation(LTD).Such t→m transformation could be suppressed by grain size refinement or/and doping small amounts of alumina.Fine-grained dense 3mol%yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystal(3Y-TZP)ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering a zirconia powder doped with 0.25wt%alumina.The LTD behaviors of as-prepared 3Y-TZP ceramics were evaluated by accelerated aging at 134℃in water.The samples sintered at 1300℃for 2 h achieve the relative density higher than 99.9%with the average grain size of 147 nm.The 3Y-TZP ceramic exhibits excellent LTD resistance that no t→m transformation takes place after 125 h accelerated aging.Large amounts of defects were observed inside grains evidenced by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopic(HRTEM)analysis.It is proposed that the presence of defects enhances the sintering kinetics and favors the present low-temperature densification.Possible reasons for defects formation were discussed and the mechanical properties of the 3Y-TZP ceramic were reported as well.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-38)。
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fat on energy and nitrogen(N)metabolism efficiency,rumen fermentation,and microbiota in twin suckling lambs.Thirty pairs of twin male lambs were randomly divided into two groups with one group receiving a high-fat diet(HF)and the other a normal-fat diet(NF).Two diets(milk replacer and starter)of equal protein and different fat levels.The metabolism test was conducted when the lambs were 50-60 days old,and nine pairs of twin lambs were randomly selected for slaughter to collect rumen fluid at 60 days old.The result showed that fat addition increased the final body weight(BW),ruminal ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)content,proportion of propionic acid,and estimated methane production(CH_(4e))(P<0.05).The high fat diet tended to improve digestive energy(DE),metabolism energy(ME),DE/ME,utilisation of N(0.05<P<0.1).However,microbial crude protein(MCP)content,total volatile fatty acids(VFA),acetic acid ratio,and the ratio of acetate to propionate(A:P)were lower than that in the NF group(P<0.05).Regardless of whether fat is added or not,no different were observed in blood metabolites between the treatment.High-throughput sequencing revealed that fat addition before weaning increased phyla Proteobacteria and genera of Succinivibrio,but decreased the relative abundance of Clostridium IV,Dialister,Roseburia,Acidaminococcus,and Megasphaera genera.These findings indicated that high fat diet improved body weight,energy and nitrogen utilization may by shifting the rumen toward propionate fermentation via the enrichment of Succinivibrio.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(22175054)the Distinguished Project for Scientific Research in Universities of Anhui Province(2024AH020011)+2 种基金the Key Project for Cultivation of Outstanding Young Scholars in Universities of Anhui Province(YQZD2024015)the Key Project of Provincial Natural Science Research Foundation of Anhui Universities,China(No.2022AH050406)the Anhui Province Research Funding for Outstanding Young Talents in Colleges and Universities,China(No.gxyq2022021)。
文摘Low-temperature lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted increasing attention,but lithium polysulfide(LiPSs)clu stering and tardy ionic mobility have been challenging issues,which could be exacerbated under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte.The distinct behaviors of sulfur cathode in lowtemperature Li-S batteries call for special regulations of the sulfur host to improve the electrochemical performances.Here,a three-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2)micro-cage(TCC)with an interfacial structure modulated by rich curvatures has been fabricated to propel the sulfur electrochemistry at subzero temperatures.Spectroscopic/microscopic analyses and theoretical calculations elucidate that the precipitation of ultrafine Ti-metal particles on the in-situ generated Ti_(3)C_(2)nanoribbons could trigger the self-scrolling of Ti_(3)C_(2)nanoribbons into TCC.Moreover,in-situ ultraviolet-visible spectra collected at low temperature and theoretical calculations verified that the TCC regulated by rich curvatures have effectively alleviated the Li+dissociation barrier,reduced the energy barrier for charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface,and restrained the clustering and shuttling of LiPSs,thus accelerating the electrochemical conversion kinetics of sulfur species at low temperatures.The performances of the carbon-free TCC-S cathode at low temperatures have been also compared from the aspects of cathode configuration and measurement condition,to demonstrate the potential of TCC.This work can not only provide new methodology for regulating the interfacial structure of MXene to enrich the materials library for low-temperature Li-S batteries,but also expand understanding about the role of interfacial structure of sulfur host in Li-S batteries.
文摘Biological insecticides have gained importance in modern society because they cause minimal environmental harm and reduce pests’ability to develop resistance.Nomuraea rileyi,a facultative entomopathogenic fungus,is suitable for infecting lepidopteran pests,including Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera.This work aims to identify a suitable semi-solid fermentation medium to increase the conidia production of N.rileyi and enhance its biological control ability as mycoinsecticide.Research is carried out on broken rice,wheat,sorghum,and corn as substrates,both with and without nutrient addition.It also covers incubation under set conditions,colony harvesting,and conidial yield and germination determination using a haemocytometer.All the study was conducted using a completely randomized design(CRD)and a test of significance was set at p<0.05 using analysis of variance(ANOVA).This work aimed to establish the effect of various substrates on growth and conidia formation in N.rileyi.The highest conidia count of 10×10^(8)CFU/g on day 15.The result was obtained from BR+Nu followed by sorghum 7×10^(8)CFU/g,corn 7×10^(8)CFU/g and wheat 6.5×10^(8)CFU/g.Thus,post-drying,the highest corresponding viability was observed in the product containing BR+Nu–6.20×10^(8)CFU/g.Adding rice bran(BR+RB,150 g each)still increases conidial yield up to 14×10^(8) CFU/g at 15 DAI.These indings thus assert that broken rice and supplementation affect conidia yield and viability.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(RS-2024-00333618 and RS-2023-00240999)a Korea University Grantthe Institute of Biomedical Science&Food Safety,CJ-Korea University Food Safety Hall at Korea University,Republic of Korea。
文摘This study was performed to investigate the changes in microbial communities and metabolites during the long-term fermentation of commercially manufactured anchovy sauce.Samples of commercial anchovy sauce were collected from large-scale fermentation tanks with fermentation periods of up to 7.87 years.The complex bacterial community was simplified to two genera,Tetragenococcus and Halanaerobium,after approximately 0.55 years of fermentation.Although genera,such as Saccharomyces,Cladosporium,Candida,and Aspergillus,were relatively dominant,no clear pattern was identified in fungal community analysis.The longitudinal metabolite profile demonstrated that approximately half(55.8%)of the metabolites present in anchovy sauce were produced within a year of fermentation due to rapid fermentation.Despite the static microbial community,the contents of several metabolites including amino acids and biogenic amines changed continuously during the long-term fermentation of anchovy sauce.This study provides novel insights into the changes in microbiota and metabolites in fish sauce produced without any starter inoculation.
文摘The olive oil fermentation filtrate was prepared by microbial fermentation technology,and the fermentation process was optimized by orthogonal test to screen out the optimal fermentation conditions.At the same time,the effect of olive oil fermentation filtrate to promote the secretion of type I collagen (COL-I) and type VII collagen (COL-VII) by fibroblasts (HFF-1),the inhibitory effect on the secretion of alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by lipopolysaccharide induced macrophages (RAW264.7),and the inhibitory effect on the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were studied through in vitro cell testing methods.The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions of olive oil fermentation filtrate were as follows,inoculation amount was 3%,inducer amount was 2%,fermentation time was 48 h.Its efficacy can significantly promote the synthesis of COL-I and COL-VII,and significantly inhibit the content of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 as well as ROS content,it has multiple effects of firming,anti-wrinkle,soothing and antioxidant,providing scientific and effective data support for the development of cosmetic raw materials.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2022SHZR1885)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province (E2022402101,E2022402105)。
文摘To completely recover valuable elements and reduce the amount of waste,the impact of phosphoric acid on the decomposition of rare earth,fluorine and phosphorus during cyclic leaching was studied based on the characteristics of low-tempe rature sulfuric acid deco mposition.When a single monazite was leached using 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) solution with phosphoric acid,the size and number of monazite particles in the washing slag gradually decrease with the increase in phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution.The monazite phase can hardly be found in the slag when the phosphoric acid content reaches 70 g/L,which indicates that phosphoric acid is favorable for monazite decomposition.The mixed rare earth concentrate was leached by 75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4) containing 70 g/L phosphoric acid,the mineral compositions of the washing slag are only gypsum and unwashed rare earth sulfuric acid.After cyclic leaching of75 wt% H_(2)SO_(4),the mineral compositions of the primary leaching washing slag are mainly undecomposed monazite,rare earth sulfate and calcium sulfate.However,monazite is not found in the mineral phase of the second and third leaching washing slag.The leaching rates of rare earth and phosphorus gradually increase with the increase in cyclic leaching times.In addition,the phosphoric acid content in the leaching solution increases with the increase in the number of cyclic leaching time.However,the rising trend decreases when the phosphoric acid content reaches 50 g/L by adsorption and crystallization of phosphoric acid.A small amount of water can be used to clean the leaching residue before washing to recover the more soluble phosphorus acid according to the difference of dissolution between phosphoric acid and rare earth sulfuric acid.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Zhaoqing University(S202410580071X).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of different bacterial strains and identify the optimal fermentation strain,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional aloe beverages.[Methods]Using fresh juice from Aloe vera L.as the raw material,the proliferation characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),Lactobacillus reuteri(LR),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(LGG)and Pediococcus pentosaceus(PP)during fermentation were investigated.Changes in pH,total viable bacterial count,total sugars,acemannan(AC),total flavonoid content(TFC)and total phenol content(TPC),and their effects on antioxidant activity(DPPH,ABTS,FRAP)were measured before and after fermentation.[Results]Aloe juice served as an excellent growth substrate for all four lactic acid bacterial strains,with viable bacterial counts significantly increasing after fermentation.The LGG group achieved the highest viable count(12.82 lg CFU/ml),followed by the LP group(12.77 lg CFU/ml).All four strains significantly enhanced the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the aloe juice.The LP group demonstrated the most outstanding performance,achieving the highest increase in TPC,the smallest reduction in TFC(from 0.054 mg/ml to 0.019 mg/ml),and the strongest comprehensive antioxidant activity(DPPH scavenging rate:80.33%,ABTS scavenging rate:93.15%,FRAP value:0.167 mmol/L).Additionally,it also better preserved the functional component AC.[Conclusions]L.plantarum demonstrated optimal performance in enhancing the antioxidant activity and preserving nutritional components of aloe juice,making it an ideal strain for aloe juice fermentation.This study provides a foundation for developing functional aloe beverages.
