Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performa...Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performance. This study examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and nitrogen supply on the eco-physiological performance of yellow birch. Seedlings were exposed to two [CO2] levels and five nitrogen supply levels for 4 months. Growth parameters such as seedling height and root collar diameter increased with higher nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2], while specific leaf area decreased. [CO2] elevation and increasing nitrogen supply also increased the total and stem, and leaf biomass. The elevated [CO2] increased the stem mass ratio but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio. However, decreases in nitrogen supply increased root mass ratio and root-to-shoot ratio. The elevated [CO2] increased the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), but the effect on Jmax was statistically significant only at the two highest nitrogen supply levels. The results indicate that yellow birch may increase photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and growth in the future when [CO2] is higher.展开更多
Hybrid nanofluids have gained significant attention for their superior thermal and rheological characteristics,offering immense potential in energy conversion,biomedical transport,and electromagnetic flow control syst...Hybrid nanofluids have gained significant attention for their superior thermal and rheological characteristics,offering immense potential in energy conversion,biomedical transport,and electromagnetic flow control systems.Understanding their dynamic behavior under coupled magnetic,rotational,and reactive effects is crucial for the development of efficient thermal management technologies.This study develops a neuro-fuzzy computational framework to examine the dynamics of a reactive Cu–TiO_(2)–H_(2)Ohybrid nanofluid flowing through a squarely elevated Riga tunnel.The governing model incorporates Hall and ion-slip effects,thermal radiation,and first-order chemical reactions under ramped thermo-solutal boundary conditions and rotational electromagnetic forces.Closed-form analytical solutions are derived via the Laplace transform method to describe the transient velocity,temperature,and concentration fields.To complement and validate the analytical model,an artificial neural network(ANN)optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm(ANN-LMBPA)is trained on datasets generated in Mathematica.Regression and error analyses confirm the model’s predictive robustness,with mean squared errors ranging between 10^(-4) and 10^(-9).In addition,an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)is developed to estimate the heat transfer rate(HTR),achieving aminimal RMSE of 0.011012 for the heat transfer coefficient(HTC).The findings reveal that rotational motion and Hall–ion slip effects suppress primary velocity but enhance secondary flow,while the modified Hartmann number(Lorentz force)accelerates both components.Thermal radiation increases fluid temperature,whereas higher Schmidt numbers and reaction rates diminish solute concentration.The HTR decreases with increasing radiation and nanoparticle volume fraction,while the mass transfer rate(MTR)improves under stronger chemical reactivity.Overall,the proposed hybrid analytical–AI framework demonstrates high accuracy and efficiency,offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of electromagnetic nanofluid systems in advanced thermal and process engineering applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW),and red cell distribution width(RDW)are considered new ma...BACKGROUND Indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW),and red cell distribution width(RDW)are considered new markers of the systemic inflammatory response(SIR),and have been widely implemented for the diagnosis of patients with inflammatory diseases.These new indicators have also been widely investigated in preeclampsia(PE)but less analyzed in hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelet(HELLP)syndrome.AIM To compare SIR markers among HELLP patients,PE only patients,and healthy gravidae.METHODS This retrospective case-control study enrolled 630 cases,including 210 patients with HELLP syndrome(HELLP group),210 patients with only PE(PE group)and 210 healthy gravidae(control group).The three groups were matched by age,parity,status of assisted reproduction,and multiple pregnancies.Birthweight,gestational age at complete blood count collection,gestational age at delivery,mode of delivery,etc.were recorded.The main indices as NLR,PLR,MPV,PDW,and RDW among the groups were compared,as well as some secondary outcomes including neutrophil,platelets,and hemoglobin.RESULTS The NLR(6.4 vs 4.3 vs 3.5),MPV(11.9 vs 11.2 vs 10.7),PDW(16.4 vs 13.3 vs 14.2),leukocyte(12.4×10^(9)/L vs 9.7×10^(9)/L vs 8.7×10^(9)/L)and neutrophil count(9.9×10^(9)/L vs 7.3×10^(9)/L vs 6.1×10^(9)/L)were highest in the HELLP group,lower in the PE group,and lowest in the control group.Both the overall comparisons between the three groups(all bP<0.01)and pairwise comparisons between every two groups elicited statistically significant differences(all dP<0.01,except control vs PE:cP<0.05 in PDW).The average lymphocyte counts were 1.4(1.1,2.0)×10^(9)/L in the HELLP group,1.6(1.3,2.0)×10^(9)/L in the PE group and 1.7(1.4,2.0)×10^(9)/L in the control group.The overall comparison of lymphocyte count within the three groups had statistically significant differences(P=0.000).The pairwise comparisons between every two groups demonstrated that the HELLP group had a lower lymphocyte count than both the PE(P=0.019)and control groups(P=0.000),but the difference between the PE and control groups was not statistically significant(P=0.432).The overall comparisons on platelet counts and the PLR among these three groups also showed statistically significant differences(both P=0.000),from low to high being those in the HELLP group(43.4×10^(9)/L,64.0),control group(180.5×10^(9)/L,103.6)and PE group(181.5×10^(9)/L,112.8).Pairwise comparisons of neither index displayed statistically significant differences between the PE and control groups(both P>0.05),while the differences in the two indices between the HELLP group and the two other groups were still statistically significant(all P=0.000).RDW values were highest in the HELLP group(14.5%[13.6,15.3]),lower in the control group(14.1%[13.5,14.8])and lowest in the PE group(13.9%[13.4,14.9]).The difference between the PE and control group did not show statistical significance(P=1.000),while RDW values in the HELLP group were higher than those in the other two groups(cP<0.05 vs control,dP<0.01 vs PE).CONCLUSION SIR markers such as NLR,RDW,MPV,and PDW were increased and PLR was decreased in HELLP.These SIR markers may become new indicators in the evaluation of HELLP syndrome.展开更多
To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a to...To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch （Betula alleghaniensis Britton） seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels （2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight） × 2 CO2 levels （350 and 700±10 ppm） with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.展开更多
A new kind of anti-oxidation inorganic nano-coating for the common low carbon steel was prepared. It included magnesite mineral, metallurgic dust and silicate adhesive as the main raw materials. The nano-coating could...A new kind of anti-oxidation inorganic nano-coating for the common low carbon steel was prepared. It included magnesite mineral, metallurgic dust and silicate adhesive as the main raw materials. The nano-coating could be sprayed directly onto the low carbon steel slab even though with hot surface as far as under 1000 ℃ . And at the same time, a compact thin nano-film was formed, and the film would inhibit the oxygen into the interface of the steel body and decrease the loss of weight because of oxidation. The loss was decreased by about 60% or more. The properties and mechanism of oxidation resistance of the coating were discussed through XRD, TG-DTA and SEM. The experimental results show that many reactions would happen among the companents of the coating and then many microspheres with the size of 80- 100nm generated in the system. By using the heat of the steel body, the silicate adhesive would interact with the microspheres, and the other components of the coating would be soft and sintered so that when the coating was sprayed onto the suface of the steel slab , the intact and compact film could be formed and adhesive with the steel body. Besides the special properties of anti- oxidation, the coating could prevent the volatilization of microelement in the steel such as silicate and carbon at a high temperature. So it can improve the quality and output of steel with this new kind of nano-coating.展开更多
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD)is a form of progressive dementia characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.This pathology involves a series of cognitive,behavioral,and neurol...Frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD)is a form of progressive dementia characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.This pathology involves a series of cognitive,behavioral,and neurological symptoms that influence personality,decision-making ability,and language.展开更多
Flow softening behavior of a homogenized Mg-7Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy under compression to a final strain of∼1.8 at elevated temperatures of 450∼550℃ and a constant strain rate of 2s^(−1) has been investigated by opti...Flow softening behavior of a homogenized Mg-7Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy under compression to a final strain of∼1.8 at elevated temperatures of 450∼550℃ and a constant strain rate of 2s^(−1) has been investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron back-scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that true stress first rises to the peak point and then drops to the bottom value and increases again with further increasing strain at each temperature.Twinning dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and continuous DRX contribute to the formation of new fine grains at temperatures 450∼475℃ when the restoration is caused by both DRX and texture change due to extension twinning,resulting in the larger softening degrees compared with the softening effects owing to continuous DRX and discontinuous DRX at 500∼550℃ when twinning activation is suppressed.500℃ is the transition temperature denoting a significant decline in the contribution of twinning and TDRX to the strain with increasing temperature.The cuboid-shape phase exists in both homogenized and compressed samples,while the compositions are varied.展开更多
M50 steel,commonly utilized in aircraft engine bearings,is susceptible to friction-induced failures,particularly in high-temperature service conditions.To address this issue,various strategies have been proposed,with ...M50 steel,commonly utilized in aircraft engine bearings,is susceptible to friction-induced failures,particularly in high-temperature service conditions.To address this issue,various strategies have been proposed,with laser shock peening(LSP)garnering significant attention due to its deeper residual stress penetration and excellent surface integrity,whereas the underlying strengthening mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.In this study,we systematically investigate the impact of LSP treatment on the tribological properties of M50 steel at temperatures of 25 and 300℃,alongside elucidating the relevant micro-mechanisms.Microstructural analysis reveals that laser impact strengthening primarily arises from dislocation proliferation,resulting in a surface hardness increase of approximately 14%and the formation of a substantial compressive stress layer reaching a maximum value of about 1200 MPa,with a depth of around 2 mm.Friction test results demonstrate reduced coefficients of friction and wear rates following LSP treatment at both temperatures.Notably,a more pronounced reduction is observed at 300℃,with values decreasing by 41.4%and 55.8%,respectively.The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interplay of compressive residual stresses,work-hardening layers,increased density of dislocations,and substantial microstructure refinement.展开更多
It is often challenging to diagnose acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in patients with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)before observing a significant rise and/or fall in hs-cTnT.The current study ai...It is often challenging to diagnose acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in patients with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)before observing a significant rise and/or fall in hs-cTnT.The current study aimed to identify an optimal cut-off to rule in AMI.A total of 76411 patients with elevated hs-cTnT were included.The predictive cut-off values for diagnosing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Among the patients,50466(66.0%)had non-cardiac diseases,25945(34.0%)had cardiac diseases,and 15502(20.3%)had AMI,including 816(1.1%)with STEMI and 14686(19.2%)with NSTEMI.The median hs-cTnT level was 3788.0 ng/L in STEMI patients and 67.2 ng/L in NSTEMI patients.The optimal cut-off for diagnosing STEMI was 251.9 ng/L,with a sensitivity of 90.7%,specificity of 86.5%,and an AUC of 0.942;the optimal cut-off for diagnosing NSTEMI was 130.5 ng/L,with a sensitivity of 40.9%,specificity of 83.8%,and an AUC of 0.638.Collectively,optimizing the cut-off values for diagnosing STEMI and NSTEMI to 251.9 ng/L and 130.5 ng/L,respectively,demonstrated high accuracy in a large cohort of Chinese patients with elevated hs-cTnT.展开更多
Both low clouds and elevated ducts are common phenomena in the oceanic atmosphere. Low clouds affect elevated ducts by changing the structure of atmospheric temperature and humidity. However, due to the limitation of ...Both low clouds and elevated ducts are common phenomena in the oceanic atmosphere. Low clouds affect elevated ducts by changing the structure of atmospheric temperature and humidity. However, due to the limitation of met-ocean measurements, research on them is still scattered. This paper presents the distribution of elevated ducts and clouds over the central Western Pacific Ocean(WPO) based on Global Position System(GPS) sounding data and Himawari-8 satellite products from November 2015 to January 2016. Results show that the frequency of elevated ducts detected by ship-based GPS soundings was as high as 77% over the central WPO. The height and frequency of elevated ducts are closely related to the low clouds. If there are no clouds, the occurrence probability and mean base height of the elevated ducts are 14% and 730 m, respectively. By comparison, the occurrence probability and mean base height increase up to 24% and 1471 m, respectively, in the presence of cumulus(Cu) clouds, and 22% and 1511 m, respectively, in the presence of stratocumulus(Sc) clouds. Elevated ducts occur near the cloud top. The analysis of geopotential height and wind fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) reanalysis dataset(ERA-interim) shows that the study area is covered by a strong and stable subtropical high, and slowly sinking dry air masses inside the subtropical high are above the moist boundary-layer air mass. The appearance and evolution of low clouds will adjust the temperature and humidity structure of the lower troposphere. If there are no clouds, the marine boundary layer(MBL) is the classic mixed boundary layer. Humidity gradient and subsidence inversion are formed atop the mixed layer. When low clouds are present, long wave radiation and entrainment atop clouds form a strong temperature inversion and humidity gradient, which strengthen elevated ducts. However, when Sc clouds are decoupled, a weaker temperature inversion and humidity gradient may occur between the surface mixed layer and subcloud layer, leading to a weak elevated duct atop the mixed layer.展开更多
As the main byproduct of cotton production,cottonseed yields edible vegetable oil,ruminant feed,and industrial products.We evaluated the individual and interactive effects of elevated air temperature and soil drought ...As the main byproduct of cotton production,cottonseed yields edible vegetable oil,ruminant feed,and industrial products.We evaluated the individual and interactive effects of elevated air temperature and soil drought on cottonseed yield and nutritional quality using two cotton cultivars,Sumian 15(heat-susceptible)and PHY370 WR(heat-tolerant).The experiment was conducted under three levels of soil relative water content(SRWC):(75±5)%,(60±5)%and(45±5)%and two temperature regimes:ambient temperature(AT,31.0/26.4℃,mean daytime/night temperature)and elevated temperature(ET,33.4/28.9℃).Cottonseed yield,boll number,seed number,and single-seed weight were lower under combined ET and SRWC(45±5)%than either individual stress or combined stresses in comparison with the control treatment(SRWC(75±5)%under AT).Drought tended to increase oil content and reduce protein content,whereas ET showed almost the opposite effects.Under the combination of ET and soil drought,oil content was still higher than under control,although ET weakened the beneficial effects of drought.For protein,ET offset the negative impacts of mild drought on protein content,but protein content was not increased under SRWC(45±5)%.Each stress or combined stress reduced oil and protein yields under all treatments,owing to declines in cottonseed yields.The combined stress reduced unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)/saturated fatty acid(SFA)and essential amino acid(EAA)/non-essential amino acid(NAA).Compared with PHY370 WR,the sensitivity of Sumian 15 to the combined factors was evidenced in the following ways:(1)seed yield,yield components,oil and protein yields were decreased more for Sumian 15 than PHY370 WR compared with the control treatment;(2)the combined stresses caused lower oil content,UFA,and UFA/SFA in Sumian 15 than PHY370 WR;(3)interaction effects of the combined factors on protein content and EAA/NAA were detected only in Sumian 15.展开更多
We present a case of symptomatic perihepatic adhesions,which developed after a pregnancy complicated by hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelet(HELLP)syndrome,in which a subcapsular liver hematoma occurred.O...We present a case of symptomatic perihepatic adhesions,which developed after a pregnancy complicated by hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelet(HELLP)syndrome,in which a subcapsular liver hematoma occurred.Our patient presented with complaints of persistent,severe right-sided upper abdominal pain.The complaints developed gradually,one year after a pregnancy that had been complicated by HELLP syndrome with a subcapsular liver hematoma.The hematoma had resolved spontaneously.An upperabdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a density between liver and diaphragm at the site of the former subcapsular hematoma,suspect of perihepatic adhesions.The presence of perihepatic adhesions was confirmed during a laparoscopy and treated by adhesiolysis in the same session.The adhesions may have developed in response to the degradation process of the subcapsular liver hematoma during conservative treatment.This case of perihepatic adhesions may therefor be the first presentation of a long term sequel of subcapsular liver hematoma in HELLP syndrome.展开更多
The rapid development of the automobile industry and the relative lag of the road construction have constituted a prominent contradiction all over the world, particularly, in most of large cities. To cope with it, ele...The rapid development of the automobile industry and the relative lag of the road construction have constituted a prominent contradiction all over the world, particularly, in most of large cities. To cope with it, elevated roads have been built in many cities both at home and abroad. However, traffic jams frequently appear on elevated roads immediately after the completion of their construction. The awkward situation mainly results from the planning bug or the unsuitable control, apart from drastic increase in transportation demand. Elevated roads,展开更多
Translocation of carbohydrate from leaves to roots via phloem and reallocation from roots to leaves via xylem regulate the allocation of carbon （C） between above and belowground organs of trees. To quantitatively an...Translocation of carbohydrate from leaves to roots via phloem and reallocation from roots to leaves via xylem regulate the allocation of carbon （C） between above and belowground organs of trees. To quantitatively analyze effects of elevated ozone concentrations pO3 on the internal cycle of C, juvenile beech and spruce were grown in phytotrons and exposed to ambient and elevated pO3 （i.e. twice-ambient O3 levels, restricted to 〈 150 ppb） for two growing seasons. The translocation of C in the phloem and xylem was quantitatively studied by investigating the phloem/xylem-loading of sugars, the differentiation of stem conductive tissue and the hourly water flow through the stem. Results in the present study shown, elevated pO3 significantly decreased C translocation from shoot to roots in beech by reducing both sugar concentration in the phloem and conductive phloem area. Elevated pO3 also significantly decreased C reallocation from the roots to the shoot in beech by reducing both of sugar concentration in the xylem and transpiration rate. The adverse effects of elevated pO3 on C translocation in the phloem and xylem, however, were small in spruce. Contrasting to beech, spruce is less sensitive to elevated pO3, regarding to phloem differentiation and sugar concentrations in the phloem and xylem.展开更多
In August 2019,accompanied by an Arctic warming event,elevated thunderstorms crossed over the North Pole(NP)and produced lightning.The northernmost stroke occurred less than 50 km from the NP,marking the closest strok...In August 2019,accompanied by an Arctic warming event,elevated thunderstorms crossed over the North Pole(NP)and produced lightning.The northernmost stroke occurred less than 50 km from the NP,marking the closest stroke to the NP ever recorded.Using ERA5 reanalysis data and satellite observations,we investigated the background and development mechanism of this event.Warm and moist air from low latitudes was transported northward to the vicinity of the North Pole by the 850-h Pa jet,resulting in convergence.Through the combined effects of frontal lifting and the presence of underlying cold air,the warm and moist air was lifted to heights above the melting layer,triggering elevated thunderstorms above the frontal boundary.These findings describe a strong link between warming events and thunderstorms,revealing the formation mechanisms of elevated thunderstorms in the Arctic.In the context of rapid Arctic warming,this study provides preliminary insights into the meteorological conditions conducive to thunderstorm formation in the region.展开更多
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)was used to examine the electrical properties of metakaolin(MK)cement-based materials at elevated temperatures.We utilized a new equivalent circuit to investigate the EIS res...Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)was used to examine the electrical properties of metakaolin(MK)cement-based materials at elevated temperatures.We utilized a new equivalent circuit to investigate the EIS results of cementitious materials blended with MK at these temperatures.A new evaluation method to high temperature damage is proposed.The findings show that both elevated temperatures and MK contents in cement mortar can impact the impedance spectra’s form properties.However,the residual compressive strength of the MK-blended cementitious material at elevated temperatures does not improve with the addition of MK.A quantitative relationship between the electrochemical parameters of the new equivalent circuit and the residual compressive strength is determined.The degree of high-temperature damage to cementitious materials can be evaluated based on these electrochemical parameters,providing a new approach for evaluating the high-temperature damage of MK-blend cementitious materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Elevated liver enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)are often attributed to multiple factors including disease activity and treatment-related adverse effects.Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors(TNFi)have shown m...BACKGROUND Elevated liver enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)are often attributed to multiple factors including disease activity and treatment-related adverse effects.Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors(TNFi)have shown mixed effects on liver function,with varying safety profiles among agents.AIM To evaluate the hepatic safety of TNFi therapy—etanercept and adalimumab—in RA patients with elevated liver enzymes.METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted for RA patients with elevated liver enzymes receiving TNFi at a single center between January 1,2019,and September 30,2024.Out of the patients screened,9 met the inclusion criteria.Trends in liver enzymes,fibrosis-4(FIB-4)score,and changes in the Child-Pugh class were analyzed at 1-year and 3-year follow-up periods.RESULTS Among 9 patients(4 on adalimumab,5 on etanercept),the median age was 56 years[interquartile range(IQR):49.5–64.5 years],77.8%were female,and the median body mass index was 36.99 kg/m²(IQR:30.95–43.43 kg/m²).Median baseline FIB-4 was 1.25(IQR:1.02–1.65),with no cirrhosis observed at baseline.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase levels declined consistently,with significant reductions from baseline to 3 years(P=0.003).FIB-4 scores also significantly decreased(P=0.003),while albumin,bilirubin,and Child-Pugh class remained stable at the 3-year follow-up.At 3 years,66.7%achieved RA remission(P=0.03).CONCLUSION TNFi therapy(adalimumab or etanercept)was associated with significant improvement in liver enzymes and FIB-4 without hepatic decompensation,supporting its safety in our cohort of RA patients with liver involvement.Larger prospective studies are warranted to further validate these findings.展开更多
Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)presents a promising approach for fabricating medium-to-large austenitic stainless steel components,which are essential in industries like aerospace,pressure vessels,and heat excha...Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)presents a promising approach for fabricating medium-to-large austenitic stainless steel components,which are essential in industries like aerospace,pressure vessels,and heat exchangers.This research examines the mi-crostructural characteristics and tensile behaviour of SS308L manufactured via the gas metal arc welding-based WAAM(WAAM 308L)process.Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature(RT,25℃),300℃,and 600℃in as-built conditions.The microstructure con-sists primarily of austenite grains with retainedδ-ferrite phases distributed within the austenitic matrix.The ferrite fraction,in terms of fer-rite number(FN),ranged between 2.30 and 4.80 along the build direction from top to bottom.The ferrite fraction in the middle region is 3.60 FN.Tensile strength was higher in the horizontal oriented samples(WAAM 308L-H),while ductility was higher in the vertical ones.Tensile results show a gradual reduction in strength with increasing test temperature,in which significant dynamic strain aging(DSA)is observed at 600℃.The variation in serration behavior between the vertical and horizontal specimens may be attributed to microstructural differences arising from the build orientation.The yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and elongation(EL)of WAAM 308L at 600℃were(240±10)MPa,(442±16)MPa,and(54±2.00)%,respectively,in the horizontal orientation(WAAM 308L-H),and(248±9)MPa,(412±19)MPa,and(75±2.80)%,respectively,in the vertical orientation(WAAM 308L-V).Fracture surfaces revealed a transition from ductile dimple fracture at RT and 300℃to a mixed ductile-brittle failure with intergranular facets at 600℃.The research explores the applicability and constraints of WAAM-produced 308L stainless steel in high-temperature conditions,offering crucial in-sights for its use in thermally resistant structural and industrial components.展开更多
Soil salinity hampers plant performance.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(e[CO_(2)])could alleviate the detrimental effect of salinity on plants but whether abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in this process is unclear.To addres...Soil salinity hampers plant performance.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(e[CO_(2)])could alleviate the detrimental effect of salinity on plants but whether abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in this process is unclear.To address this issue,three tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)genotypes with varying endogenous ABA concentrations(wild-type AC,ABA-deficient mutant flacca and ABA-overproduction line SP5)were grown in pots under ambient(400μmol·mol^(-1))or elevated(800μmol·mol^(-1))CO_(2)with or without the addition of 100 mmol·L-1sodium chloride(NaCl).The results showed that e[CO_(2)]favored ion homeostasis by decreasing root-to-shoot delivery of Na^(+),which was mainly attributed to lowered transpiration rate rather than altered xylem-sap Na^(+)concentration.In AC and SP5,the low transpiration rate of e[CO_(2)]-plants under salinity was accompanied by enhanced endogenous ABA levels,which might play a role in upregulating the abundance of specific transcripts related to Na^(+)homeostasis(i.e.,SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE)under salt stress.In flacca,e[CO_(2)]-induced Na^(+)homeostasis was abolished,which could be ascribed to the low and unaltered ABA levels,albeit the ethylene biosynthesis was enhanced in flacca under salt stress,indicating an antagonistic relationship between ABA and ethylene.Furthermore,e[CO_(2)]inhibited ethylene biosynthesis under salt stress in all three genotypes.The results enrich our comprehension of the fundamental processes of e[CO_(2)]-conferred salt tolerance in tomato.展开更多
Background:Left atrioventricular coupling index(LACI)is a promising marker for predicting major adverse cardiac events in individuals with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).However,the relationsh...Background:Left atrioventricular coupling index(LACI)is a promising marker for predicting major adverse cardiac events in individuals with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).However,the relationship between LACI and adverse left ventricular(LV)remodeling(ALVR)in patients with STEMI remains to be fully elucidated.Methods:In this retrospective study,143 patients with STEMI who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary inter-vention(PCI)underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)imaging.The examinations were performed at 5±2 days(baseline)after PCI and at 6 months after STEMI.Left atrial and LV structural and functional indicators were evaluated.ALVR was defined as an increase of≥20%in LV end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)or an increase of≥15%in LV end-systolic volume at 6 months on CMR images.The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of ALVR,and the CMR features were compared between the two groups.Results:Overall,51 patients(mean age 57±11 years;42 men)experienced ALVR after 6 months.In the univariable regression analysis,LVEDV index and LACI were significantly correlated with ALVR(odds ratio[OR]:0.989,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.979-0.999,p=0.025;OR:1.046,95%CI:1.012-1.080,p=0.007,respectively).Following adjustment for fundamental clinical variables,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline LACI was an independent predictor of ALVR at 6 months(OR:1.324,95%CI:1.055-1.662,p=0.016).Conclusions:CMR-derived LACI in patients with acute STEMI was an independent predictor of ALVR.展开更多
文摘Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performance. This study examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and nitrogen supply on the eco-physiological performance of yellow birch. Seedlings were exposed to two [CO2] levels and five nitrogen supply levels for 4 months. Growth parameters such as seedling height and root collar diameter increased with higher nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2], while specific leaf area decreased. [CO2] elevation and increasing nitrogen supply also increased the total and stem, and leaf biomass. The elevated [CO2] increased the stem mass ratio but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio. However, decreases in nitrogen supply increased root mass ratio and root-to-shoot ratio. The elevated [CO2] increased the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), but the effect on Jmax was statistically significant only at the two highest nitrogen supply levels. The results indicate that yellow birch may increase photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and growth in the future when [CO2] is higher.
文摘Hybrid nanofluids have gained significant attention for their superior thermal and rheological characteristics,offering immense potential in energy conversion,biomedical transport,and electromagnetic flow control systems.Understanding their dynamic behavior under coupled magnetic,rotational,and reactive effects is crucial for the development of efficient thermal management technologies.This study develops a neuro-fuzzy computational framework to examine the dynamics of a reactive Cu–TiO_(2)–H_(2)Ohybrid nanofluid flowing through a squarely elevated Riga tunnel.The governing model incorporates Hall and ion-slip effects,thermal radiation,and first-order chemical reactions under ramped thermo-solutal boundary conditions and rotational electromagnetic forces.Closed-form analytical solutions are derived via the Laplace transform method to describe the transient velocity,temperature,and concentration fields.To complement and validate the analytical model,an artificial neural network(ANN)optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm(ANN-LMBPA)is trained on datasets generated in Mathematica.Regression and error analyses confirm the model’s predictive robustness,with mean squared errors ranging between 10^(-4) and 10^(-9).In addition,an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)is developed to estimate the heat transfer rate(HTR),achieving aminimal RMSE of 0.011012 for the heat transfer coefficient(HTC).The findings reveal that rotational motion and Hall–ion slip effects suppress primary velocity but enhance secondary flow,while the modified Hartmann number(Lorentz force)accelerates both components.Thermal radiation increases fluid temperature,whereas higher Schmidt numbers and reaction rates diminish solute concentration.The HTR decreases with increasing radiation and nanoparticle volume fraction,while the mass transfer rate(MTR)improves under stronger chemical reactivity.Overall,the proposed hybrid analytical–AI framework demonstrates high accuracy and efficiency,offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of electromagnetic nanofluid systems in advanced thermal and process engineering applications.
基金Supported by the People’s Wellbeing Project of Suzhou City,No.SS201710the Clinical Expert Team Introduction Project of Suzhou City,No.SZYJTD201709and the Research Project on Maternal and Child Health of Jiangsu Province,No.F202045.
文摘BACKGROUND Indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW),and red cell distribution width(RDW)are considered new markers of the systemic inflammatory response(SIR),and have been widely implemented for the diagnosis of patients with inflammatory diseases.These new indicators have also been widely investigated in preeclampsia(PE)but less analyzed in hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelet(HELLP)syndrome.AIM To compare SIR markers among HELLP patients,PE only patients,and healthy gravidae.METHODS This retrospective case-control study enrolled 630 cases,including 210 patients with HELLP syndrome(HELLP group),210 patients with only PE(PE group)and 210 healthy gravidae(control group).The three groups were matched by age,parity,status of assisted reproduction,and multiple pregnancies.Birthweight,gestational age at complete blood count collection,gestational age at delivery,mode of delivery,etc.were recorded.The main indices as NLR,PLR,MPV,PDW,and RDW among the groups were compared,as well as some secondary outcomes including neutrophil,platelets,and hemoglobin.RESULTS The NLR(6.4 vs 4.3 vs 3.5),MPV(11.9 vs 11.2 vs 10.7),PDW(16.4 vs 13.3 vs 14.2),leukocyte(12.4×10^(9)/L vs 9.7×10^(9)/L vs 8.7×10^(9)/L)and neutrophil count(9.9×10^(9)/L vs 7.3×10^(9)/L vs 6.1×10^(9)/L)were highest in the HELLP group,lower in the PE group,and lowest in the control group.Both the overall comparisons between the three groups(all bP<0.01)and pairwise comparisons between every two groups elicited statistically significant differences(all dP<0.01,except control vs PE:cP<0.05 in PDW).The average lymphocyte counts were 1.4(1.1,2.0)×10^(9)/L in the HELLP group,1.6(1.3,2.0)×10^(9)/L in the PE group and 1.7(1.4,2.0)×10^(9)/L in the control group.The overall comparison of lymphocyte count within the three groups had statistically significant differences(P=0.000).The pairwise comparisons between every two groups demonstrated that the HELLP group had a lower lymphocyte count than both the PE(P=0.019)and control groups(P=0.000),but the difference between the PE and control groups was not statistically significant(P=0.432).The overall comparisons on platelet counts and the PLR among these three groups also showed statistically significant differences(both P=0.000),from low to high being those in the HELLP group(43.4×10^(9)/L,64.0),control group(180.5×10^(9)/L,103.6)and PE group(181.5×10^(9)/L,112.8).Pairwise comparisons of neither index displayed statistically significant differences between the PE and control groups(both P>0.05),while the differences in the two indices between the HELLP group and the two other groups were still statistically significant(all P=0.000).RDW values were highest in the HELLP group(14.5%[13.6,15.3]),lower in the control group(14.1%[13.5,14.8])and lowest in the PE group(13.9%[13.4,14.9]).The difference between the PE and control group did not show statistical significance(P=1.000),while RDW values in the HELLP group were higher than those in the other two groups(cP<0.05 vs control,dP<0.01 vs PE).CONCLUSION SIR markers such as NLR,RDW,MPV,and PDW were increased and PLR was decreased in HELLP.These SIR markers may become new indicators in the evaluation of HELLP syndrome.
文摘To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch （Betula alleghaniensis Britton） seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels （2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight） × 2 CO2 levels （350 and 700±10 ppm） with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.
文摘A new kind of anti-oxidation inorganic nano-coating for the common low carbon steel was prepared. It included magnesite mineral, metallurgic dust and silicate adhesive as the main raw materials. The nano-coating could be sprayed directly onto the low carbon steel slab even though with hot surface as far as under 1000 ℃ . And at the same time, a compact thin nano-film was formed, and the film would inhibit the oxygen into the interface of the steel body and decrease the loss of weight because of oxidation. The loss was decreased by about 60% or more. The properties and mechanism of oxidation resistance of the coating were discussed through XRD, TG-DTA and SEM. The experimental results show that many reactions would happen among the companents of the coating and then many microspheres with the size of 80- 100nm generated in the system. By using the heat of the steel body, the silicate adhesive would interact with the microspheres, and the other components of the coating would be soft and sintered so that when the coating was sprayed onto the suface of the steel slab , the intact and compact film could be formed and adhesive with the steel body. Besides the special properties of anti- oxidation, the coating could prevent the volatilization of microelement in the steel such as silicate and carbon at a high temperature. So it can improve the quality and output of steel with this new kind of nano-coating.
基金funded by the project National Institute for Neurological Research(Programme EXCELES,ID Project No.LX22NPO5107)TEAMING:857560(EU)CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632(CZ)(to FA and JH)。
文摘Frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD)is a form of progressive dementia characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.This pathology involves a series of cognitive,behavioral,and neurological symptoms that influence personality,decision-making ability,and language.
基金This work was supported by the Changsha University Talent Introduction Project(50800-92808)the Excellent youth project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(19B055,18B418,19C0156)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2020JJ4645).
文摘Flow softening behavior of a homogenized Mg-7Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy under compression to a final strain of∼1.8 at elevated temperatures of 450∼550℃ and a constant strain rate of 2s^(−1) has been investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron back-scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that true stress first rises to the peak point and then drops to the bottom value and increases again with further increasing strain at each temperature.Twinning dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and continuous DRX contribute to the formation of new fine grains at temperatures 450∼475℃ when the restoration is caused by both DRX and texture change due to extension twinning,resulting in the larger softening degrees compared with the softening effects owing to continuous DRX and discontinuous DRX at 500∼550℃ when twinning activation is suppressed.500℃ is the transition temperature denoting a significant decline in the contribution of twinning and TDRX to the strain with increasing temperature.The cuboid-shape phase exists in both homogenized and compressed samples,while the compositions are varied.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2017-VII-0003-0096)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52205240 and 52201140)+2 种基金the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.YESS20200321)the Natural Science Foundation for Youths of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-QN-0521)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M723874).
文摘M50 steel,commonly utilized in aircraft engine bearings,is susceptible to friction-induced failures,particularly in high-temperature service conditions.To address this issue,various strategies have been proposed,with laser shock peening(LSP)garnering significant attention due to its deeper residual stress penetration and excellent surface integrity,whereas the underlying strengthening mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.In this study,we systematically investigate the impact of LSP treatment on the tribological properties of M50 steel at temperatures of 25 and 300℃,alongside elucidating the relevant micro-mechanisms.Microstructural analysis reveals that laser impact strengthening primarily arises from dislocation proliferation,resulting in a surface hardness increase of approximately 14%and the formation of a substantial compressive stress layer reaching a maximum value of about 1200 MPa,with a depth of around 2 mm.Friction test results demonstrate reduced coefficients of friction and wear rates following LSP treatment at both temperatures.Notably,a more pronounced reduction is observed at 300℃,with values decreasing by 41.4%and 55.8%,respectively.The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interplay of compressive residual stresses,work-hardening layers,increased density of dislocations,and substantial microstructure refinement.
基金funded in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2402404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82170351 and 82370342)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20222002 and BK20231145)the Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project of Jiangsu Province Hospital(the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University)(Grant No.J SPH-MA-2022-3)。
文摘It is often challenging to diagnose acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in patients with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)before observing a significant rise and/or fall in hs-cTnT.The current study aimed to identify an optimal cut-off to rule in AMI.A total of 76411 patients with elevated hs-cTnT were included.The predictive cut-off values for diagnosing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Among the patients,50466(66.0%)had non-cardiac diseases,25945(34.0%)had cardiac diseases,and 15502(20.3%)had AMI,including 816(1.1%)with STEMI and 14686(19.2%)with NSTEMI.The median hs-cTnT level was 3788.0 ng/L in STEMI patients and 67.2 ng/L in NSTEMI patients.The optimal cut-off for diagnosing STEMI was 251.9 ng/L,with a sensitivity of 90.7%,specificity of 86.5%,and an AUC of 0.942;the optimal cut-off for diagnosing NSTEMI was 130.5 ng/L,with a sensitivity of 40.9%,specificity of 83.8%,and an AUC of 0.638.Collectively,optimizing the cut-off values for diagnosing STEMI and NSTEMI to 251.9 ng/L and 130.5 ng/L,respectively,demonstrated high accuracy in a large cohort of Chinese patients with elevated hs-cTnT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41975008)。
文摘Both low clouds and elevated ducts are common phenomena in the oceanic atmosphere. Low clouds affect elevated ducts by changing the structure of atmospheric temperature and humidity. However, due to the limitation of met-ocean measurements, research on them is still scattered. This paper presents the distribution of elevated ducts and clouds over the central Western Pacific Ocean(WPO) based on Global Position System(GPS) sounding data and Himawari-8 satellite products from November 2015 to January 2016. Results show that the frequency of elevated ducts detected by ship-based GPS soundings was as high as 77% over the central WPO. The height and frequency of elevated ducts are closely related to the low clouds. If there are no clouds, the occurrence probability and mean base height of the elevated ducts are 14% and 730 m, respectively. By comparison, the occurrence probability and mean base height increase up to 24% and 1471 m, respectively, in the presence of cumulus(Cu) clouds, and 22% and 1511 m, respectively, in the presence of stratocumulus(Sc) clouds. Elevated ducts occur near the cloud top. The analysis of geopotential height and wind fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) reanalysis dataset(ERA-interim) shows that the study area is covered by a strong and stable subtropical high, and slowly sinking dry air masses inside the subtropical high are above the moist boundary-layer air mass. The appearance and evolution of low clouds will adjust the temperature and humidity structure of the lower troposphere. If there are no clouds, the marine boundary layer(MBL) is the classic mixed boundary layer. Humidity gradient and subsidence inversion are formed atop the mixed layer. When low clouds are present, long wave radiation and entrainment atop clouds form a strong temperature inversion and humidity gradient, which strengthen elevated ducts. However, when Sc clouds are decoupled, a weaker temperature inversion and humidity gradient may occur between the surface mixed layer and subcloud layer, leading to a weak elevated duct atop the mixed layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630051)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190524)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681633)。
文摘As the main byproduct of cotton production,cottonseed yields edible vegetable oil,ruminant feed,and industrial products.We evaluated the individual and interactive effects of elevated air temperature and soil drought on cottonseed yield and nutritional quality using two cotton cultivars,Sumian 15(heat-susceptible)and PHY370 WR(heat-tolerant).The experiment was conducted under three levels of soil relative water content(SRWC):(75±5)%,(60±5)%and(45±5)%and two temperature regimes:ambient temperature(AT,31.0/26.4℃,mean daytime/night temperature)and elevated temperature(ET,33.4/28.9℃).Cottonseed yield,boll number,seed number,and single-seed weight were lower under combined ET and SRWC(45±5)%than either individual stress or combined stresses in comparison with the control treatment(SRWC(75±5)%under AT).Drought tended to increase oil content and reduce protein content,whereas ET showed almost the opposite effects.Under the combination of ET and soil drought,oil content was still higher than under control,although ET weakened the beneficial effects of drought.For protein,ET offset the negative impacts of mild drought on protein content,but protein content was not increased under SRWC(45±5)%.Each stress or combined stress reduced oil and protein yields under all treatments,owing to declines in cottonseed yields.The combined stress reduced unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)/saturated fatty acid(SFA)and essential amino acid(EAA)/non-essential amino acid(NAA).Compared with PHY370 WR,the sensitivity of Sumian 15 to the combined factors was evidenced in the following ways:(1)seed yield,yield components,oil and protein yields were decreased more for Sumian 15 than PHY370 WR compared with the control treatment;(2)the combined stresses caused lower oil content,UFA,and UFA/SFA in Sumian 15 than PHY370 WR;(3)interaction effects of the combined factors on protein content and EAA/NAA were detected only in Sumian 15.
文摘We present a case of symptomatic perihepatic adhesions,which developed after a pregnancy complicated by hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelet(HELLP)syndrome,in which a subcapsular liver hematoma occurred.Our patient presented with complaints of persistent,severe right-sided upper abdominal pain.The complaints developed gradually,one year after a pregnancy that had been complicated by HELLP syndrome with a subcapsular liver hematoma.The hematoma had resolved spontaneously.An upperabdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a density between liver and diaphragm at the site of the former subcapsular hematoma,suspect of perihepatic adhesions.The presence of perihepatic adhesions was confirmed during a laparoscopy and treated by adhesiolysis in the same session.The adhesions may have developed in response to the degradation process of the subcapsular liver hematoma during conservative treatment.This case of perihepatic adhesions may therefor be the first presentation of a long term sequel of subcapsular liver hematoma in HELLP syndrome.
文摘The rapid development of the automobile industry and the relative lag of the road construction have constituted a prominent contradiction all over the world, particularly, in most of large cities. To cope with it, elevated roads have been built in many cities both at home and abroad. However, traffic jams frequently appear on elevated roads immediately after the completion of their construction. The awkward situation mainly results from the planning bug or the unsuitable control, apart from drastic increase in transportation demand. Elevated roads,
基金The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, SFB 607, part project A2/B5)
文摘Translocation of carbohydrate from leaves to roots via phloem and reallocation from roots to leaves via xylem regulate the allocation of carbon （C） between above and belowground organs of trees. To quantitatively analyze effects of elevated ozone concentrations pO3 on the internal cycle of C, juvenile beech and spruce were grown in phytotrons and exposed to ambient and elevated pO3 （i.e. twice-ambient O3 levels, restricted to 〈 150 ppb） for two growing seasons. The translocation of C in the phloem and xylem was quantitatively studied by investigating the phloem/xylem-loading of sugars, the differentiation of stem conductive tissue and the hourly water flow through the stem. Results in the present study shown, elevated pO3 significantly decreased C translocation from shoot to roots in beech by reducing both sugar concentration in the phloem and conductive phloem area. Elevated pO3 also significantly decreased C reallocation from the roots to the shoot in beech by reducing both of sugar concentration in the xylem and transpiration rate. The adverse effects of elevated pO3 on C translocation in the phloem and xylem, however, were small in spruce. Contrasting to beech, spruce is less sensitive to elevated pO3, regarding to phloem differentiation and sugar concentrations in the phloem and xylem.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3007703)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41675066,42394122)+1 种基金CAS Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field(YSRR-018)the Chinese Meridian Project。
文摘In August 2019,accompanied by an Arctic warming event,elevated thunderstorms crossed over the North Pole(NP)and produced lightning.The northernmost stroke occurred less than 50 km from the NP,marking the closest stroke to the NP ever recorded.Using ERA5 reanalysis data and satellite observations,we investigated the background and development mechanism of this event.Warm and moist air from low latitudes was transported northward to the vicinity of the North Pole by the 850-h Pa jet,resulting in convergence.Through the combined effects of frontal lifting and the presence of underlying cold air,the warm and moist air was lifted to heights above the melting layer,triggering elevated thunderstorms above the frontal boundary.These findings describe a strong link between warming events and thunderstorms,revealing the formation mechanisms of elevated thunderstorms in the Arctic.In the context of rapid Arctic warming,this study provides preliminary insights into the meteorological conditions conducive to thunderstorm formation in the region.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2024QN05023)High Level Talent Research Launch Foundation of Inner Mongolia University(No.10000-22311201/008)。
文摘Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)was used to examine the electrical properties of metakaolin(MK)cement-based materials at elevated temperatures.We utilized a new equivalent circuit to investigate the EIS results of cementitious materials blended with MK at these temperatures.A new evaluation method to high temperature damage is proposed.The findings show that both elevated temperatures and MK contents in cement mortar can impact the impedance spectra’s form properties.However,the residual compressive strength of the MK-blended cementitious material at elevated temperatures does not improve with the addition of MK.A quantitative relationship between the electrochemical parameters of the new equivalent circuit and the residual compressive strength is determined.The degree of high-temperature damage to cementitious materials can be evaluated based on these electrochemical parameters,providing a new approach for evaluating the high-temperature damage of MK-blend cementitious materials.
文摘BACKGROUND Elevated liver enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)are often attributed to multiple factors including disease activity and treatment-related adverse effects.Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors(TNFi)have shown mixed effects on liver function,with varying safety profiles among agents.AIM To evaluate the hepatic safety of TNFi therapy—etanercept and adalimumab—in RA patients with elevated liver enzymes.METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted for RA patients with elevated liver enzymes receiving TNFi at a single center between January 1,2019,and September 30,2024.Out of the patients screened,9 met the inclusion criteria.Trends in liver enzymes,fibrosis-4(FIB-4)score,and changes in the Child-Pugh class were analyzed at 1-year and 3-year follow-up periods.RESULTS Among 9 patients(4 on adalimumab,5 on etanercept),the median age was 56 years[interquartile range(IQR):49.5–64.5 years],77.8%were female,and the median body mass index was 36.99 kg/m²(IQR:30.95–43.43 kg/m²).Median baseline FIB-4 was 1.25(IQR:1.02–1.65),with no cirrhosis observed at baseline.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase levels declined consistently,with significant reductions from baseline to 3 years(P=0.003).FIB-4 scores also significantly decreased(P=0.003),while albumin,bilirubin,and Child-Pugh class remained stable at the 3-year follow-up.At 3 years,66.7%achieved RA remission(P=0.03).CONCLUSION TNFi therapy(adalimumab or etanercept)was associated with significant improvement in liver enzymes and FIB-4 without hepatic decompensation,supporting its safety in our cohort of RA patients with liver involvement.Larger prospective studies are warranted to further validate these findings.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea program(No.RS-2025-02603127,Innovation Research Center for Zero-carbon Fuel Gas Turbine Design,Manufacture,and Safety).
文摘Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)presents a promising approach for fabricating medium-to-large austenitic stainless steel components,which are essential in industries like aerospace,pressure vessels,and heat exchangers.This research examines the mi-crostructural characteristics and tensile behaviour of SS308L manufactured via the gas metal arc welding-based WAAM(WAAM 308L)process.Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature(RT,25℃),300℃,and 600℃in as-built conditions.The microstructure con-sists primarily of austenite grains with retainedδ-ferrite phases distributed within the austenitic matrix.The ferrite fraction,in terms of fer-rite number(FN),ranged between 2.30 and 4.80 along the build direction from top to bottom.The ferrite fraction in the middle region is 3.60 FN.Tensile strength was higher in the horizontal oriented samples(WAAM 308L-H),while ductility was higher in the vertical ones.Tensile results show a gradual reduction in strength with increasing test temperature,in which significant dynamic strain aging(DSA)is observed at 600℃.The variation in serration behavior between the vertical and horizontal specimens may be attributed to microstructural differences arising from the build orientation.The yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and elongation(EL)of WAAM 308L at 600℃were(240±10)MPa,(442±16)MPa,and(54±2.00)%,respectively,in the horizontal orientation(WAAM 308L-H),and(248±9)MPa,(412±19)MPa,and(75±2.80)%,respectively,in the vertical orientation(WAAM 308L-V).Fracture surfaces revealed a transition from ductile dimple fracture at RT and 300℃to a mixed ductile-brittle failure with intergranular facets at 600℃.The research explores the applicability and constraints of WAAM-produced 308L stainless steel in high-temperature conditions,offering crucial in-sights for its use in thermally resistant structural and industrial components.
基金supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council(CSC).
文摘Soil salinity hampers plant performance.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(e[CO_(2)])could alleviate the detrimental effect of salinity on plants but whether abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in this process is unclear.To address this issue,three tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)genotypes with varying endogenous ABA concentrations(wild-type AC,ABA-deficient mutant flacca and ABA-overproduction line SP5)were grown in pots under ambient(400μmol·mol^(-1))or elevated(800μmol·mol^(-1))CO_(2)with or without the addition of 100 mmol·L-1sodium chloride(NaCl).The results showed that e[CO_(2)]favored ion homeostasis by decreasing root-to-shoot delivery of Na^(+),which was mainly attributed to lowered transpiration rate rather than altered xylem-sap Na^(+)concentration.In AC and SP5,the low transpiration rate of e[CO_(2)]-plants under salinity was accompanied by enhanced endogenous ABA levels,which might play a role in upregulating the abundance of specific transcripts related to Na^(+)homeostasis(i.e.,SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE)under salt stress.In flacca,e[CO_(2)]-induced Na^(+)homeostasis was abolished,which could be ascribed to the low and unaltered ABA levels,albeit the ethylene biosynthesis was enhanced in flacca under salt stress,indicating an antagonistic relationship between ABA and ethylene.Furthermore,e[CO_(2)]inhibited ethylene biosynthesis under salt stress in all three genotypes.The results enrich our comprehension of the fundamental processes of e[CO_(2)]-conferred salt tolerance in tomato.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 82471937)Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(Grant QML20230610).
文摘Background:Left atrioventricular coupling index(LACI)is a promising marker for predicting major adverse cardiac events in individuals with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).However,the relationship between LACI and adverse left ventricular(LV)remodeling(ALVR)in patients with STEMI remains to be fully elucidated.Methods:In this retrospective study,143 patients with STEMI who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary inter-vention(PCI)underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)imaging.The examinations were performed at 5±2 days(baseline)after PCI and at 6 months after STEMI.Left atrial and LV structural and functional indicators were evaluated.ALVR was defined as an increase of≥20%in LV end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)or an increase of≥15%in LV end-systolic volume at 6 months on CMR images.The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of ALVR,and the CMR features were compared between the two groups.Results:Overall,51 patients(mean age 57±11 years;42 men)experienced ALVR after 6 months.In the univariable regression analysis,LVEDV index and LACI were significantly correlated with ALVR(odds ratio[OR]:0.989,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.979-0.999,p=0.025;OR:1.046,95%CI:1.012-1.080,p=0.007,respectively).Following adjustment for fundamental clinical variables,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline LACI was an independent predictor of ALVR at 6 months(OR:1.324,95%CI:1.055-1.662,p=0.016).Conclusions:CMR-derived LACI in patients with acute STEMI was an independent predictor of ALVR.
