This study focuses on developing a novel multiphase stainless steel with enhanced ductility and an ultralow yield ratio achieved through solid-solution treatment.The steel exhibits remarkable mechanical properties:a t...This study focuses on developing a novel multiphase stainless steel with enhanced ductility and an ultralow yield ratio achieved through solid-solution treatment.The steel exhibits remarkable mechanical properties:a tensile strength of approximately 1114 MPa,an ultralow yield ratio of 0.36,exceptional uniform elongation of approximately 17.48%,and total elongation of approximately 21.73%.The remarkable ductility of the steel can be attributed to the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect observed in the retained austenite,while its exceptional strength results from the combined effects of TRIP and the martensite phase.展开更多
With the development of technology for earthquake resistant,the research of the low yield point(LYP) steel which used for the fabrication of energy dissipation damper were paid more and more attention.The common studi...With the development of technology for earthquake resistant,the research of the low yield point(LYP) steel which used for the fabrication of energy dissipation damper were paid more and more attention.The common studies of the low yield point steel is mainly about the performance with constant amplitude and constant frequency.The low cycle fatigue properties of low yield piont steel were studied by series of test with continuous varying amplitude and varying frequency with the materials testing system by us.The test results showed that low yield point steel of Baosteel have excellent low cycle fatigue properties,which meet the requirement for steel used for the fabrication of energy dissipation damper completely.The low cycle fatigue performance of low yield point steel of Baosteel mainly depended on the amplitude in test.And the effect of varying frequency for the low yield point steel was more less than varying amplitude.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research the appropriate seeding quantities of double-season machine-transplanted rice in middle and low-yielding district of southern Jiangxi Province. [Method] The research set five differ...[Objective] The aim was to research the appropriate seeding quantities of double-season machine-transplanted rice in middle and low-yielding district of southern Jiangxi Province. [Method] The research set five different seeding quantities treatments, and compared with conventional seedling treatment, and the appropriate seeding quantities of double season machine-transplanted rice in middle and lowyielding district of southern Jiangxi Province was discussed. [Result] The yields were highest when the seeding quantity was 70 g per tray of early rice by mechanical transplanting and 60 g per tray of late rice. The yield of early rice by mechanical transplanting showed significantly positive correlation with the number of productive ear and the number of seed per ear, and late rice yield showed significant correlation with the number of productive ear by mechanical transplanting. It is key for improving high yields by guaranteeing the number of productive ear. [Conclusion] The issue of proper sowing quantity should be taken into consideration for double-cropping rice in the region, which is crucial for high yields.展开更多
This paper mainly focuses on solving the low yield problem for lateral phase change random access memory with a fully confined phase change material node. Improper over-etching and bad step-coverage of physical vapor ...This paper mainly focuses on solving the low yield problem for lateral phase change random access memory with a fully confined phase change material node. Improper over-etching and bad step-coverage of physical vapor deposition were the main reasons for the poor contact quality, which leads to the low yield problem. Process improvement was carried out to better control over-etching within 10 nm. Atomic layer deposition process was used to replace physical vapor deposition to guarantee good step coverage. Contrasting cross-sectional photos taken by scanning electron microscopy showed great improvement in contact quality. The atom layer deposition process was demonstrated to have good prospects in nano-contact for phase change memory application.展开更多
With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, im- proving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become funda- mental strategies to meet the growing food...With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, im- proving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become funda- mental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productiv- ity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was lo- cated in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Hei- Iongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.展开更多
Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling st...Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling stage, induces a significant loss in yield and results in poor grain quality. Stress caused by low light often creates severe meteorological disasters in some rice-growing regions worldwide. This review was based on our previous research and related research regarding the effects of low light on rice growth, yield and quality as well as the formation of grain, and mainly reviewed the physiological metabolism of rice plants, including characteristics of photosynthesis, activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves and key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, as well as the translocations of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These characteristics include various grain yield and rice quality components （milling and appearance as well as cooking, eating and nutritional qualities） under different rates of shading imposed at the vegetative or reproductive stages of rice plants. Furthermore, we discussed why grain yield and quality are reduced under the low light environment. Next, we summarized the need for future research that emphasizes methods can effectively improve rice grain yield and quality under low light stress. These research findings can provide a beneficial reference for rice cultivation management and breeding program in low light environments.展开更多
Low-Z materials, such as carbon-based materials and Be, are major plasma-facing material (PFM) for current, even in future fusion devices. In this paper, a new type of multielement-doped carbon-based materials develop...Low-Z materials, such as carbon-based materials and Be, are major plasma-facing material (PFM) for current, even in future fusion devices. In this paper, a new type of multielement-doped carbon-based materials developed are presented along with experimental re-sults of their properties. The results indicate a decrease in chemical sputtering yield by one order of magnitude, a decrease in both thermal shock resistance and radiation-enhanced sublimation, an evidently lower temperature desorption spectrum, and combined properties of exposing to plasma.展开更多
Using the evaluation indicator system for arable land fertility in Suiping County,this paper analyzes some factors influencing agricultural production,such as physical and chemical properties of soil,site conditions,s...Using the evaluation indicator system for arable land fertility in Suiping County,this paper analyzes some factors influencing agricultural production,such as physical and chemical properties of soil,site conditions,soil management,and soil nutrients concerning various types of low-yielding fields in the county. In accordance with the dominant soil constraint factors and main direction of improvement,the lowyielding fields in the county are divided into four types: irrigation improvement type,waterlogging drainage type,barren soil fertilization and barrier layer type. Finally this paper offers specific guidance on the construction of arable land.展开更多
In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Liaoning Province in the light of local conditions, medium- and low-yielding farmland in Liaoning Province are divided into various zones according to characterist...In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Liaoning Province in the light of local conditions, medium- and low-yielding farmland in Liaoning Province are divided into various zones according to characteristics of the terrain, and the practical and feasible improvement measures are put forward based on the current situation and main existing problems in the medium- and low-yielding farmland in different areas,展开更多
Genetic improvement of crop plants is brought about by manipulating the genetic makeup through systematic breeding techniques or by employing modern biotechnological tools. Application of systematic breeding technique...Genetic improvement of crop plants is brought about by manipulating the genetic makeup through systematic breeding techniques or by employing modern biotechnological tools. Application of systematic breeding technique to a large extent is decided by the knowledge on the genetic control of the traits. Keeping this in view, nine mulberry genotypes were evaluated for different growth and yield attributing traits viz., number of tillers (NT), plant height (PH), total shoot length (TSL), nodal distance (ND), leaf fall % (LF), number of leaves/plant (NLP), weight of 100 fresh leaves (WFL), weight of 100 dry leaves (WDL), single leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf harvest index (LHI) and leaf yield (LY) and estimated the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients. The broad sense heritability for these traits ranged from 63.942 (WFL) to 13.261 (PH). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the characters WFL, LF, LA, WDL and LY suggesting the higher genetic control over these traits. Leaf yield showed significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with all other growth traits except PH and LF. Leaf fall had significant negative correlations with all the highly heritable yield attributes viz., ND (-0.379), WDL (-0.225), LA (-0.346), LAI (-0.233) at 1% level and AGB (-0.148), LHI (-0.122) and LY (-0.146) at 5% level. Likewise, it showed positive correlations with TSL (0.558), NLP (0.264) and PH (0.221). Since mulberry is mainly cultivated for leaf yield, genotypes having higher WFL, LA, WDL and LY and less LF must be given importance during parent selection to evolve high yielding varieties with less leaf fall across different seasons in mulberry.展开更多
In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and hi...In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency （UpE） and high N utilization efficiency （UtE） exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, nitrite reductase （NIR）, and gluta- mine synthetase （GS） at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(Grant No.2021FY100604).
文摘This study focuses on developing a novel multiphase stainless steel with enhanced ductility and an ultralow yield ratio achieved through solid-solution treatment.The steel exhibits remarkable mechanical properties:a tensile strength of approximately 1114 MPa,an ultralow yield ratio of 0.36,exceptional uniform elongation of approximately 17.48%,and total elongation of approximately 21.73%.The remarkable ductility of the steel can be attributed to the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect observed in the retained austenite,while its exceptional strength results from the combined effects of TRIP and the martensite phase.
文摘With the development of technology for earthquake resistant,the research of the low yield point(LYP) steel which used for the fabrication of energy dissipation damper were paid more and more attention.The common studies of the low yield point steel is mainly about the performance with constant amplitude and constant frequency.The low cycle fatigue properties of low yield piont steel were studied by series of test with continuous varying amplitude and varying frequency with the materials testing system by us.The test results showed that low yield point steel of Baosteel have excellent low cycle fatigue properties,which meet the requirement for steel used for the fabrication of energy dissipation damper completely.The low cycle fatigue performance of low yield point steel of Baosteel mainly depended on the amplitude in test.And the effect of varying frequency for the low yield point steel was more less than varying amplitude.
基金National Key Technology R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2011BAD16B04,(2012BAD04B11)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research the appropriate seeding quantities of double-season machine-transplanted rice in middle and low-yielding district of southern Jiangxi Province. [Method] The research set five different seeding quantities treatments, and compared with conventional seedling treatment, and the appropriate seeding quantities of double season machine-transplanted rice in middle and lowyielding district of southern Jiangxi Province was discussed. [Result] The yields were highest when the seeding quantity was 70 g per tray of early rice by mechanical transplanting and 60 g per tray of late rice. The yield of early rice by mechanical transplanting showed significantly positive correlation with the number of productive ear and the number of seed per ear, and late rice yield showed significant correlation with the number of productive ear by mechanical transplanting. It is key for improving high yields by guaranteeing the number of productive ear. [Conclusion] The issue of proper sowing quantity should be taken into consideration for double-cropping rice in the region, which is crucial for high yields.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB922103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61376420,61404126,A040203)the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20140509172609175)
文摘This paper mainly focuses on solving the low yield problem for lateral phase change random access memory with a fully confined phase change material node. Improper over-etching and bad step-coverage of physical vapor deposition were the main reasons for the poor contact quality, which leads to the low yield problem. Process improvement was carried out to better control over-etching within 10 nm. Atomic layer deposition process was used to replace physical vapor deposition to guarantee good step coverage. Contrasting cross-sectional photos taken by scanning electron microscopy showed great improvement in contact quality. The atom layer deposition process was demonstrated to have good prospects in nano-contact for phase change memory application.
基金STS Project of CAS,No.KFJ-EW-STS-001National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41430861
文摘With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, im- proving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become funda- mental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productiv- ity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was lo- cated in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Hei- Iongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.
文摘Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling stage, induces a significant loss in yield and results in poor grain quality. Stress caused by low light often creates severe meteorological disasters in some rice-growing regions worldwide. This review was based on our previous research and related research regarding the effects of low light on rice growth, yield and quality as well as the formation of grain, and mainly reviewed the physiological metabolism of rice plants, including characteristics of photosynthesis, activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves and key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, as well as the translocations of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These characteristics include various grain yield and rice quality components （milling and appearance as well as cooking, eating and nutritional qualities） under different rates of shading imposed at the vegetative or reproductive stages of rice plants. Furthermore, we discussed why grain yield and quality are reduced under the low light environment. Next, we summarized the need for future research that emphasizes methods can effectively improve rice grain yield and quality under low light stress. These research findings can provide a beneficial reference for rice cultivation management and breeding program in low light environments.
基金The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China No.19789503.
文摘Low-Z materials, such as carbon-based materials and Be, are major plasma-facing material (PFM) for current, even in future fusion devices. In this paper, a new type of multielement-doped carbon-based materials developed are presented along with experimental re-sults of their properties. The results indicate a decrease in chemical sputtering yield by one order of magnitude, a decrease in both thermal shock resistance and radiation-enhanced sublimation, an evidently lower temperature desorption spectrum, and combined properties of exposing to plasma.
基金Supported by National Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Project
文摘Using the evaluation indicator system for arable land fertility in Suiping County,this paper analyzes some factors influencing agricultural production,such as physical and chemical properties of soil,site conditions,soil management,and soil nutrients concerning various types of low-yielding fields in the county. In accordance with the dominant soil constraint factors and main direction of improvement,the lowyielding fields in the county are divided into four types: irrigation improvement type,waterlogging drainage type,barren soil fertilization and barrier layer type. Finally this paper offers specific guidance on the construction of arable land.
文摘In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Liaoning Province in the light of local conditions, medium- and low-yielding farmland in Liaoning Province are divided into various zones according to characteristics of the terrain, and the practical and feasible improvement measures are put forward based on the current situation and main existing problems in the medium- and low-yielding farmland in different areas,
文摘Genetic improvement of crop plants is brought about by manipulating the genetic makeup through systematic breeding techniques or by employing modern biotechnological tools. Application of systematic breeding technique to a large extent is decided by the knowledge on the genetic control of the traits. Keeping this in view, nine mulberry genotypes were evaluated for different growth and yield attributing traits viz., number of tillers (NT), plant height (PH), total shoot length (TSL), nodal distance (ND), leaf fall % (LF), number of leaves/plant (NLP), weight of 100 fresh leaves (WFL), weight of 100 dry leaves (WDL), single leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf harvest index (LHI) and leaf yield (LY) and estimated the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients. The broad sense heritability for these traits ranged from 63.942 (WFL) to 13.261 (PH). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the characters WFL, LF, LA, WDL and LY suggesting the higher genetic control over these traits. Leaf yield showed significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with all other growth traits except PH and LF. Leaf fall had significant negative correlations with all the highly heritable yield attributes viz., ND (-0.379), WDL (-0.225), LA (-0.346), LAI (-0.233) at 1% level and AGB (-0.148), LHI (-0.122) and LY (-0.146) at 5% level. Likewise, it showed positive correlations with TSL (0.558), NLP (0.264) and PH (0.221). Since mulberry is mainly cultivated for leaf yield, genotypes having higher WFL, LA, WDL and LY and less LF must be given importance during parent selection to evolve high yielding varieties with less leaf fall across different seasons in mulberry.
基金supported by the Chinese National Programs of Science and Technology for High Yielding Crop Production (2011BAD16B08, 2012BAD04B06, and 2013BAD07B05)the Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, China
文摘In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency （UpE） and high N utilization efficiency （UtE） exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, nitrite reductase （NIR）, and gluta- mine synthetase （GS） at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.
