Vegetation cover is the main factor of soil loss prevention.The C-factor of the RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was predicted with NDVI,ground data and exponential regression equation for mountain rangelan...Vegetation cover is the main factor of soil loss prevention.The C-factor of the RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was predicted with NDVI,ground data and exponential regression equation for mountain rangelands of Kyrgyzstan.Time series of C-factor,precipitation and temperature were decomposed into seasonal and trend components with STL(seasonal decomposition by loess) to assess their interrelations.C-factor,precipitation and temperature trend components indicated significant lagged correlation,whereas seasonal components indicated more complex relations with climate factors which can be promoting as well as limiting factors for vegetation development,depending on the season.Rainy springs and hot summers may increase soil loss dramatically,whereas warm and dry springs with rainy summers can decrease it.Steep slopes indicated higher soil loss ratio,whereas flat areas were better protected by vegetation.展开更多
Soil C /N ratio is an important influencing factor in soil nitrogen cycling. Two-year old apple trees( Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji'/Malus hupehensis) were used to understand the effect of soil C/N ratio [6. 52( CK),10,15,20...Soil C /N ratio is an important influencing factor in soil nitrogen cycling. Two-year old apple trees( Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji'/Malus hupehensis) were used to understand the effect of soil C/N ratio [6. 52( CK),10,15,20,25,30,35 and 40]on apple growth and nitrogen utilization and loss by using15N trace technique. The results showed that,with the increasing of soil C/N ratio,apple shoot length and fresh weight increased at first,and then decreased; the higher apple shoot length and fresh weight appeared in C/N = 15,20 and 25 treatments,and there were no significant differences among these three treatments,but significantly higher than the other treatments. Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in nitrogen utilization rate between the different treatments,the highest N utilization rate was occurred in soil C/N = 25 treatment which value was 22. 87%,and there was no significant difference between soil C/N = 25 and C/N = 20 treatments,but both the two treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments; Soil C/N = 40 had the lowest N utilization rate which value was 15. 43%,and this value was less than CK( 16. 65%). The proportion of plant absorption nitrogen from fertilizer was much higher when the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25,but the percentage of plant absorption nitrogen from soil was much higher when the soil C/N ratio was too low( < 15) or high( < 25). Amount of residual nitrogen in soil increased gradually with the soil C/N ratio increasing,the amount of residual nitrogen in C/N = 40 treatment was 1. 32 times than that in CK. With the increasing of soil C/N ratio,fertilizer nitrogen loss decreased at first,and then increased,fertilizer nitrogen loss was the minimum in C/N = 25 treatments( 49. 87%) and the maximum were occurred in CK( 61. 54%). Therefore,regarding the apple growth and nitrogen balance situation,the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25 would be favorable for apple growth and could increase effectively nitrogen fixed by soil,reduce nitrogen loss,and improve the nitrogen utilization ratio.展开更多
In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity th...In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.展开更多
Erratum to:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0187-4 The original version of this article unfortunately contained one mistake.The presentation in Page2384 was incorrect.The corrected one is gi...Erratum to:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0187-4 The original version of this article unfortunately contained one mistake.The presentation in Page2384 was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.The NTL loss ratio(Figure 4a)was calculated as the variation between pre-earthquake(March 27)and post-earthquake(March 28)radiance values in cloud-free areas.展开更多
Losses in turbine cascade are categorized as profile loss, secondary loss, tip clearance loss and annulus loss. Profile loss occurs due to development of boundary layer on surface of blade [1]. Increase in thickness o...Losses in turbine cascade are categorized as profile loss, secondary loss, tip clearance loss and annulus loss. Profile loss occurs due to development of boundary layer on surface of blade [1]. Increase in thickness of boundary layer and adverse pressure gradient increases profile loss. Secondary loss occurs due to turning of flow through flow passage which results in blowing of energy from pressure side to suction side. In turbine rotor blade suction surface leads and tip clearance loss occurs due to leakage of air from pressure side to suction side of the blade through tip clearance. Annulus loss occurs due to development of boundary layer on stationary row of blade. It also occurs in moving row of blade but in moving row of blades boundary layer is scraped by flow over the blades. This paper presents effects of variation of pitch-chord ratio on secondary loss.展开更多
Fluorescence loss spectrum for detecting cold Rydberg atoms with high sensitivity has been obtained based on lock-in detection of fluorescence of 6 P3/2 state when cooling lasers of the magneto-optical trap are modula...Fluorescence loss spectrum for detecting cold Rydberg atoms with high sensitivity has been obtained based on lock-in detection of fluorescence of 6 P3/2 state when cooling lasers of the magneto-optical trap are modulated.The experiment results show that the signal to noise ratio has been improved by 32.64 dB when the modulation depth(converted to laser frequency)and frequency are optimized to 4 MHz and 6 kHz,respectively.This technique enables us to perform a highly sensitive non-destructive detection of Rydberg atoms.展开更多
We have investigated the magnetic transition and magnetocaloric effects of Mn1＋xCo1-xGe alloys by tuning the ratio of Mn/Co. With increasing Mn content, a series of first-order magnetostructural transitions from ferr...We have investigated the magnetic transition and magnetocaloric effects of Mn1＋xCo1-xGe alloys by tuning the ratio of Mn/Co. With increasing Mn content, a series of first-order magnetostructural transitions from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic states with large changes of magnetization are observed at room temperature. Further increasing the content of Mn （x = 0.11） gives rise to a single second-order magnetic transition. Interestingly, large low-field magnetic entropy changes with almost zero magnetic hysteresis are observed in these alloys. The effects of Mn/Co ratio on magnetic transition and magnetocaloric effects are discussed in this paper.展开更多
This paper describes a fixed-fixed beam ohmic switch in series with a fixed capacitor as a replacement for a capacitive switch.In this switch,a metal plate deposited on the dielectric ensures perfectly contact with th...This paper describes a fixed-fixed beam ohmic switch in series with a fixed capacitor as a replacement for a capacitive switch.In this switch,a metal plate deposited on the dielectric ensures perfectly contact with the dielectric layer in the down state.The area size of the metal plate directly influences the capacitance ratio of the switch,as the area size of the metal cap decreases,the capacitance ratio dramatically rises up.The down/up capacitance ratio can exceed 800 times over the conventional designs using the same materials and the equal size.Measurement results show that high capacitance ratio of the switches has a large effect on the isolation,and can actually improve the performance of the switches.展开更多
This paper addresses the syngas production and evaluation losses in high temperature gasification process using coffee husks. A fast and inexpensive way to evaluate the losses in gasification processes is by the appli...This paper addresses the syngas production and evaluation losses in high temperature gasification process using coffee husks. A fast and inexpensive way to evaluate the losses in gasification processes is by the application mathematical models which allow to predict the values needed in full scale. Hence, the quantification of gasifier’s losses at temperatures ranges of 800 K - 1400 K at an equivalence ratios of 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4 at 1 bar are revealed by using exergy model incorporating a chemical equilibrium model. The model evaluated the product syngas compositions, syngas heating values and degree of irreversibility values (losses). The results from the model showed that the production of H2 increased from 9.9% to 18.9% and the formation of CO2 ranges from 7.2% to 12.3%. CO production is from 21.8% to 17.2%. The irreversibility values obtained were less than 27%. Hence, reduction of losses protracts biomass resources to be used in energy generation.展开更多
基金project “The Impact of the Transformation Process on Human-Environment Interactions in Southern Kyrgyzstan”funded by the Volkswagen Foundation,Hannover,Germany
文摘Vegetation cover is the main factor of soil loss prevention.The C-factor of the RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was predicted with NDVI,ground data and exponential regression equation for mountain rangelands of Kyrgyzstan.Time series of C-factor,precipitation and temperature were decomposed into seasonal and trend components with STL(seasonal decomposition by loess) to assess their interrelations.C-factor,precipitation and temperature trend components indicated significant lagged correlation,whereas seasonal components indicated more complex relations with climate factors which can be promoting as well as limiting factors for vegetation development,depending on the season.Rainy springs and hot summers may increase soil loss dramatically,whereas warm and dry springs with rainy summers can decrease it.Steep slopes indicated higher soil loss ratio,whereas flat areas were better protected by vegetation.
基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103003)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture ResearchSystem(CARS-28)
文摘Soil C /N ratio is an important influencing factor in soil nitrogen cycling. Two-year old apple trees( Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji'/Malus hupehensis) were used to understand the effect of soil C/N ratio [6. 52( CK),10,15,20,25,30,35 and 40]on apple growth and nitrogen utilization and loss by using15N trace technique. The results showed that,with the increasing of soil C/N ratio,apple shoot length and fresh weight increased at first,and then decreased; the higher apple shoot length and fresh weight appeared in C/N = 15,20 and 25 treatments,and there were no significant differences among these three treatments,but significantly higher than the other treatments. Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in nitrogen utilization rate between the different treatments,the highest N utilization rate was occurred in soil C/N = 25 treatment which value was 22. 87%,and there was no significant difference between soil C/N = 25 and C/N = 20 treatments,but both the two treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments; Soil C/N = 40 had the lowest N utilization rate which value was 15. 43%,and this value was less than CK( 16. 65%). The proportion of plant absorption nitrogen from fertilizer was much higher when the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25,but the percentage of plant absorption nitrogen from soil was much higher when the soil C/N ratio was too low( < 15) or high( < 25). Amount of residual nitrogen in soil increased gradually with the soil C/N ratio increasing,the amount of residual nitrogen in C/N = 40 treatment was 1. 32 times than that in CK. With the increasing of soil C/N ratio,fertilizer nitrogen loss decreased at first,and then increased,fertilizer nitrogen loss was the minimum in C/N = 25 treatments( 49. 87%) and the maximum were occurred in CK( 61. 54%). Therefore,regarding the apple growth and nitrogen balance situation,the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25 would be favorable for apple growth and could increase effectively nitrogen fixed by soil,reduce nitrogen loss,and improve the nitrogen utilization ratio.
基金Key Laboratory Foundation (9140C4103091003C) for funding this work
文摘In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.
文摘Erratum to:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0187-4 The original version of this article unfortunately contained one mistake.The presentation in Page2384 was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.The NTL loss ratio(Figure 4a)was calculated as the variation between pre-earthquake(March 27)and post-earthquake(March 28)radiance values in cloud-free areas.
文摘Losses in turbine cascade are categorized as profile loss, secondary loss, tip clearance loss and annulus loss. Profile loss occurs due to development of boundary layer on surface of blade [1]. Increase in thickness of boundary layer and adverse pressure gradient increases profile loss. Secondary loss occurs due to turning of flow through flow passage which results in blowing of energy from pressure side to suction side. In turbine rotor blade suction surface leads and tip clearance loss occurs due to leakage of air from pressure side to suction side of the blade through tip clearance. Annulus loss occurs due to development of boundary layer on stationary row of blade. It also occurs in moving row of blade but in moving row of blades boundary layer is scraped by flow over the blades. This paper presents effects of variation of pitch-chord ratio on secondary loss.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0304203 and 2016YFF0200104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61505099,61827824,91536110,and 61975104)the Fund for Shanxi‘1331 Project’Key Subjects Construction,Bairen Project of Shanxi Province,China
文摘Fluorescence loss spectrum for detecting cold Rydberg atoms with high sensitivity has been obtained based on lock-in detection of fluorescence of 6 P3/2 state when cooling lasers of the magneto-optical trap are modulated.The experiment results show that the signal to noise ratio has been improved by 32.64 dB when the modulation depth(converted to laser frequency)and frequency are optimized to 4 MHz and 6 kHz,respectively.This technique enables us to perform a highly sensitive non-destructive detection of Rydberg atoms.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50701022,51001019,and 50831006)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents of China (Grant No. NCET-08-0278)
文摘We have investigated the magnetic transition and magnetocaloric effects of Mn1＋xCo1-xGe alloys by tuning the ratio of Mn/Co. With increasing Mn content, a series of first-order magnetostructural transitions from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic states with large changes of magnetization are observed at room temperature. Further increasing the content of Mn （x = 0.11） gives rise to a single second-order magnetic transition. Interestingly, large low-field magnetic entropy changes with almost zero magnetic hysteresis are observed in these alloys. The effects of Mn/Co ratio on magnetic transition and magnetocaloric effects are discussed in this paper.
文摘This paper describes a fixed-fixed beam ohmic switch in series with a fixed capacitor as a replacement for a capacitive switch.In this switch,a metal plate deposited on the dielectric ensures perfectly contact with the dielectric layer in the down state.The area size of the metal plate directly influences the capacitance ratio of the switch,as the area size of the metal cap decreases,the capacitance ratio dramatically rises up.The down/up capacitance ratio can exceed 800 times over the conventional designs using the same materials and the equal size.Measurement results show that high capacitance ratio of the switches has a large effect on the isolation,and can actually improve the performance of the switches.
文摘This paper addresses the syngas production and evaluation losses in high temperature gasification process using coffee husks. A fast and inexpensive way to evaluate the losses in gasification processes is by the application mathematical models which allow to predict the values needed in full scale. Hence, the quantification of gasifier’s losses at temperatures ranges of 800 K - 1400 K at an equivalence ratios of 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4 at 1 bar are revealed by using exergy model incorporating a chemical equilibrium model. The model evaluated the product syngas compositions, syngas heating values and degree of irreversibility values (losses). The results from the model showed that the production of H2 increased from 9.9% to 18.9% and the formation of CO2 ranges from 7.2% to 12.3%. CO production is from 21.8% to 17.2%. The irreversibility values obtained were less than 27%. Hence, reduction of losses protracts biomass resources to be used in energy generation.
