Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting,where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradi...Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting,where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradiance to solar power production.Ensemble simulations from such weather models aim to quantify uncertainty in the future development of the weather,and can be used to propagate this uncertainty through the model chain to generate probabilistic solar energy predictions.However,ensemble prediction systems are known to exhibit systematic errors,and thus require post-processing to obtain accurate and reliable probabilistic forecasts.The overarching aim of our study is to systematically evaluate different strategies to apply post-processing in model chain approaches with a specific focus on solar energy:not applying any post-processing at all;post-processing only the irradiance predictions before the conversion;post-processing only the solar power predictions obtained from the model chain;or applying post-processing in both steps.In a case study based on a benchmark dataset for the Jacumba solar plant in the U.S.,we develop statistical and machine learning methods for postprocessing ensemble predictions of global horizontal irradiance(GHI)and solar power generation.Further,we propose a neural-network-based model for direct solar power forecasting that bypasses the model chain.Our results indicate that postprocessing substantially improves the solar power generation forecasts,in particular when post-processing is applied to the power predictions.The machine learning methods for post-processing slightly outperform the statistical methods,and the direct forecasting approach performs comparably to the post-processing strategies.展开更多
Tinnitus:the hearing of a sound that has not been produced by any external or internal source,is a rather heterogeneous hearing disorder.Background/Objectives:Hearing loss has been shown to be the main risk factor for...Tinnitus:the hearing of a sound that has not been produced by any external or internal source,is a rather heterogeneous hearing disorder.Background/Objectives:Hearing loss has been shown to be the main risk factor for tinnitus while emotional disorders are risk factors for developing intrusive or bothersome tinnitus.Moreover,aging has also been identified as another risk factor.The aim of this paper was to analyse the correlation between hearing loss,age and tinnitus severity in a cohort of 610 tinnitus sufferers.Methods:Age,audiometric(hearing condition)and tinnitus(time duration and severity)data were assessed and analysed for all subjects just after recruiting(baseline).Furthermore,the average hearing loss(HL)curves of the participants for age groups were compared to these with the corresponding Age Related HL(ARHL).Results:For most of the age groups,the measured HL curves exceeded in 10-20 dB those of the ARHL.The average age of tinnitus onset(age minus tinnitus duration)was found to be 44-46 years in both men and women.Weak correlation between audiometric feature and tinnitus distress was observed.Conclusions:Hearing loss has been shown to be a clear risk factor for triggering tinnitus(86%of participants were hearing impaired).In this cohort,average measures of hearing loss showed,at most,weak associations with tinnitus-related distress,suggesting that non-audiological factors may play a predominant role.展开更多
Background:Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection common in Mediterranean countries and the Middle East.Neurological involvement,although rare,can lead to severe complications,including sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL).T...Background:Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection common in Mediterranean countries and the Middle East.Neurological involvement,although rare,can lead to severe complications,including sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL).This case is particularly noteworthy as it highlights irreversible auditory nerve damage in brucellosis,emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent neurological consequences.The novelty of this case lies in the severity of auditory involvement despite timely treatment.Case Presentation:A 43-year-old male farmer of Maghrebi origin presented with neurobrucellosis complicated by severe,irreversible bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.The patient initially reported symptoms of hearing loss and dizziness,which were confirmed to be associated with auditory nerve involvement.Wright's serology and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)testing confirmed brucellosis.Despite appropriate and prolonged antibiotic therapy,including drugs that penetrate the meningeal barrier and act intracellularly,the patient's auditory impairment remained permanent.The patient is currently a candidate for cochlear implantation to manage his severe hearing loss.Neurological symptoms did not improve with treatment,but cochlear implantation may offer a potential solution to his hearing deficit.Conclusions:This case highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention in brucellosis cases,particularly those with neurological involvement.Delayed diagnosis and treatment can result in irreversible neurological damage.It also underscores the potential for cochlear implantation in patients with severe,irreversible sensorineural hearing loss caused by neurobrucellosis.Cochlear implantation offers an important solution for patients with brucellosis-related hearing deficits,improving their quality of life despite the neurological damage caused by the infection.展开更多
With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challe...With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses,this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system,considering regulation losses.First,the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified,and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed,based on Depth of Discharge(DOD)and C-rate.Second,a thermal-storage cooperative control method based on series compensation is developed to improve the system’s frequency regulation performance.Third,targeting system regulation loss cost and regulation output,and considering constraints on output overshoot and system parameters,an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of the low-pass filter and the series compensator,thereby reducing regulation losses while enhancing performance.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that the total loss cost of the proposed control strategy is comparable to that of a system with only thermal power participation.However,the thermal power loss cost is reduced by 42.16%compared to the thermal-only case,while simultaneously improving system frequency stability.Thus,the proposed strategy effectively balances system frequency stability and economic efficiency.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential link between chromosomal polymorphisms in couples who had a medical history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods:Cytogenetic investigation was conducted with mitogen(Ph...Objective:To investigate the potential link between chromosomal polymorphisms in couples who had a medical history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods:Cytogenetic investigation was conducted with mitogen(Phytohemagglutinin-M,Gibco)stimulated blood T lymphocytes by Giemsa trypsin Giemsa banding and Ag-NOR banding on 580 couples with a history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and 240 couples from the general population.Thirty good chromosomal spreads were captured,karyotyped,and analyzed.The karyotypes were designated using the International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature 2024.Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of chromosomal polymorphism variations in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group with the general population group.Results:A conventional cytogenetic investigation revealed that 45.43%of couples experiencing idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss presented with various types of chromosomal polymorphic variants,compared to 11.88%in the general population.The overall frequency of these chromosomal polymorphic variants was significantly higher in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group compared to the general population group(OR 9.97,95%CI 6.99-14.21;P<0.05).Additionally,the prevalence of polymorphic variants was higher among males(49.14%)than females(41.72%)(P=0.01).Conclusions:Chromosomal polymorphic analysis may play a crucial role in the assessment and careful clinical management of cases with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss,especially when no other conclusive reasons are identified during the initial evaluation.Therefore,heteromorphism should not be overlooked while investigating the causes of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.展开更多
Circadian sensitivity significantly influences the severity of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL),but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 97,043 cochlear cells,identify...Circadian sensitivity significantly influences the severity of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL),but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 97,043 cochlear cells,identifying macrophages as the primary immune responders to acoustic trauma,with a notable increase in their proportion in the cochlea.Immunofluorescence confirmed significant recruitment and activation of cochlear macrophages following noise exposure,while in vivo macrophage depletion resulted in the recovery of hearing.Furthermore,analyses of differentially-expressed genes and pathways revealed pronounced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in macrophages during night-time noise exposure.Measurements of elevated IL-1βand IL-18 expression in cochlear macrophages by multiplex immunohistochemistry correlated with heightened inflammation in the night-time exposure group.These findings were further confirmed by the administration of the selective NLRP3 inhibitor CY-09,which mitigated inflammasome activation,preserved synaptic integrity,and protect against hearing loss.In conclusion,our findings underscore the role of macrophage-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mediating circadian variations in cochlear damage,offering a potential therapeutic target for mitigating NIHL.展开更多
The micro-riblet structures have been demonstrated effective in controlling the Total Pressure Loss(TPL)of aero-engine blades.However,due to the considerable scale gap between micro-texture and an actual aero-engine b...The micro-riblet structures have been demonstrated effective in controlling the Total Pressure Loss(TPL)of aero-engine blades.However,due to the considerable scale gap between micro-texture and an actual aero-engine blade,wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations with massive grids directly describing the global flow field are costly for aerodynamic evaluation.Furthermore,the fine micro surface structure brings unavoidable manufacturing errors,and the probability prediction contributes to gaining the confidence interval of the results.Therefore,a novel relay-based probabilistic model for multi-fidelity scenarios in the TPL prediction of a compressor cascade with micro-riblet surfaces is proposed to trade off accuracy and efficiency.Combined with the low-fidelity flow data generated by an aerodynamic solution strategy using the boundary surrogate model and the high-fidelity flow data from the experiment,the relay-based modeling has been achieved through knowledge transferring,and the confidence interval can be provided by the Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)model.The TPL of compressor cascades with micro-riblet surfaces under different surface structures at March number Ma=0.64,0.74,0.84 have been evaluated using the Relay-Based Probabilistic(RBP)model.The results illustrate that the RBP model could provide higher accuracy than the Single-Fidelity-Data-Driven(SFDD)prediction model,which show the promising potential of multi-fidelity scenarios data fusion in the aerodynamic evaluation of multi-scale configurations.展开更多
The lateral transport of labile organic carbon represents a critical pathway for soil organic carbon(SOC) loss,reducing organic carbon sequestration and increasing the risk of waterbody pollution.Livestock manure appl...The lateral transport of labile organic carbon represents a critical pathway for soil organic carbon(SOC) loss,reducing organic carbon sequestration and increasing the risk of waterbody pollution.Livestock manure application on croplands serves as a common fertilizer reduction practice to sustain crop yields,enhance SOC sequestration,and reduce water erosion.However,limited quantitative assessments have examined the effects of livestock manure substitution on labile organic carbon lateral loss and fluxes in long-term experiments.This study conducted a three-year field investigation on subtropical sloping croplands to assess the impact of livestock manure substitution on dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) loss via surface runoff,interflow and eroded sediments.There are four treatments:no fertilization(CK);chemical nitrogen fertilizer(SF),40% nitrogen substitution with pig manure(PMF),and 100% nitrogen substitution from pig manure(PM).Compared to SF treatment,long-term livestock manure substitution in PMF and PM treatments significantly(P<0.05) reduced annual cumulative surface runoff fluxes by 13.5 and 21.6%,respectively.Manure applications decreased annual sediment fluxes by 12.9 and 19.1%,respectively.Soil water stable aggregates for mean weight diameter(MWD) increased significantly by 37.7 and 73.6%.Annual cumulative POC loss flux via eroded sediment under PMF and PM treatments increased significantly(P<0.05) by 61.1 and 47.9%,respectively.The labile organic carbon loss fluxes,including DOC and POC losses,under PMF and PM treatments increased significantly(P<0.05) by 11.9 and 31.4%,respectively.These results demonstrate that while water erosion intensity decreases due to enhanced soil aggregate stability,the risk of labile organic carbon loss increases after long-term livestock manure substitution in subtropical sloping croplands.Future research should examine labile organic carbon lateral migration under various soil types and slope gradients for livestock manure application in subtropical agricultural ecosystem croplands to better understand extreme rainfall effects.展开更多
Cisplatin is a widely-used chemotherapeutic agent,but its dose-limiting ototoxicity often results in irreversible hearing loss.The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress,apoptosis,DNA damage,and inflammatory responses...Cisplatin is a widely-used chemotherapeutic agent,but its dose-limiting ototoxicity often results in irreversible hearing loss.The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress,apoptosis,DNA damage,and inflammatory responses,yet effective preventive strategies remain limited.Here,we demonstrate that magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)),a hydrogen-releasing compound,provides robust protection against cisplatin-induced hearing loss.Our results showed that MgH_(2)protected auditory function and preserved cochlear hair cells in vivo.Furthermore,it significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured HEI-OC1(House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1)cells and cochlear explants.Notably,MgH_(2)suppressed NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)-mediated inflammatory cascades,thereby limiting downstream inflammatory damage.These findings revealed that MgH_(2)alleviated cisplatin-induced hearing loss through integrated antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic pathways,with NLRP3 identified as a critical regulatory molecule.Collectively,our study provides compelling evidence for MgH_(2)as a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of cisplatin-induced hearing loss.展开更多
Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to h...Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to humans,and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified it as a Group I carcinogen.Cadmium undergoes minimal metabolism in the human body;consequently,prolonged Cd^(2+)exposure can cause severe damage to multiple organs including the liver,kidneys,lungs,bones,and immune system(Shao et al.2024).Rice,one of the three global staple crops,and Cd exposure in humans primarily occurs the consumption of contaminated rice grains.The contribution of rice to the total dietary Cd intake is over 50% for non-smoking Asian populations(Chen et al.2018;Shi et al.2020).展开更多
Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instabili...Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.展开更多
Bone resorption is a vital physiological process that enables skeletal remodeling,maintenance,and adaptation to mechanical forces throughout life.While tightly regulated under the physiological state,its dysregulation...Bone resorption is a vital physiological process that enables skeletal remodeling,maintenance,and adaptation to mechanical forces throughout life.While tightly regulated under the physiological state,its dysregulation contributes to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,and periodontitis.Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiotic biofilms that disrupt the oral microbiome,leading to the progressive breakdown of the periodontal ligament,cementum,and alveolar bone and ultimately resulting in tooth loss.This review outlines the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying periodontitis,focusing on osteoclastogenesis,the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts,the primary mediators of bone resorption.Key transcriptional regulators,including NFATc1,c-Fos,and c-Src are discussed alongside major signaling pathways such as Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase(MAPK),Janus Tyrosine Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription(JAK/STAT),Nuclear Factor Kappa B(NF-κB),and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,to elucidate their roles in the initiation and progression of periodontal bone loss.These pathways orchestrate the inflammatory response and osteoclast activity,underscoring their relevance in periodontitis and other osteolytic conditions.Hallmark features of periodontitis,including chronic inflammation,immune dysregulation,and tissue destruction are highlighted,with emphasis on current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these molecular pathways.Special attention is given to small molecules,biologics,and natural compounds that have the potential to modulate key signaling pathways.Although advances in understanding these mechanisms have identified promising therapeutic targets,translation into effective clinical interventions remains challenging.Continued research into regulating bone-resorptive signaling pathways is essential for developing more effective treatments for periodontitis and related inflammatory bone diseases.展开更多
In the present computational fluid dynamics （CFD） community, post-processing is regarded as a procedure to view parameter distribution, detect characteristic structure and reveal physical mechanism of fluid flow bas...In the present computational fluid dynamics （CFD） community, post-processing is regarded as a procedure to view parameter distribution, detect characteristic structure and reveal physical mechanism of fluid flow based on computational or experimental results. Field plots by contours, iso-surfaces, streamlines, vectors and others are traditional post-processing techniques. While the shock wave, as one important and critical flow structure in many aerodynamic problems, can hardly be detected or distinguished in a direct way using these traditional methods, due to possible confusions with other similar discontinuous flow structures like slip line, contact discontinuity, etc. Therefore, method for automatic detection of shock wave in post-processing is of great importance for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the current status of methodologies developed for shock wave detection and implementations in post-processing platform are reviewed, as well as discussions on advantages and limitations of the existing methods and proposals for further studies of shock wave detection method. We also develop an advanced post-processing software, with improved shock detection.展开更多
Quantum random number generators adopting single negligible dead time of avalanche photodiodes （APDs） photon detection have been restricted due to the non- We propose a new approach based on an APD array to improve...Quantum random number generators adopting single negligible dead time of avalanche photodiodes （APDs） photon detection have been restricted due to the non- We propose a new approach based on an APD array to improve the generation rate of random numbers significantly. This method compares the detectors＇ responses to consecutive optical pulses and generates the random sequence. We implement a demonstration experiment to show its simplicity, compactness and scalability. The generated numbers are proved to be unbiased, post-processing free, ready to use, and their randomness is verified by using the national institute of standard technology statistical test suite. The random bit generation efficiency is as high as 32.8% and the potential generation rate adopting the 32× 32 APD array is up to tens of Gbits/s.展开更多
In order to carry out numerical simulation using geologic structural data obtained from Landmark(seismic interpretation system), underground geological structures are abstracted into mechanical models which can reflec...In order to carry out numerical simulation using geologic structural data obtained from Landmark(seismic interpretation system), underground geological structures are abstracted into mechanical models which can reflect actual situations and facilitate their computation and analyses.Given the importance of model building, further processing methods about traditional seismic interpretation results from Landmark should be studied and the processed result can then be directly used in numerical simulation computations.Through this data conversion procedure, Landmark and FLAC(the international general stress software) are seamlessly connected.Thus, the format conversion between the two systems and the pre-and post-processing in simulation computation is realized.A practical application indicates that this method has many advantages such as simple operation, high accuracy of the element subdivision and high speed, which may definitely satisfy the actual needs of floor grid cutting.展开更多
The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for coll...The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for collecting data is not sufficient because of their limited coverage and expensive costs for installation and maintenance. Application of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in travel time and delay data collections is proven to be efficient in terms of accuracy, level of details for the data and required data collection of man-power. While data collection automation is improved by the GPS technique, human errors can easily find their way through the post-processing phase, and therefore data post-processing remains a challenge especially in case of big projects with high amount of data. This paper introduces a stand-alone post-processing tool called GPS Calculator, which provides an easy-to-use environment to carry out data post-processing. This is a Visual Basic application that processes the data files obtained in the field and integrates them into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and representation. The results show that this tool obtains similar results to the currently used data post-processing method, reduces the post-processing effort, and also eliminates the need for the second person during the data collection.展开更多
When castings become complicated and the demands for precision of numerical simulation become higher,the numerical data of casting numerical simulation become more massive.On a general personal computer,these massive ...When castings become complicated and the demands for precision of numerical simulation become higher,the numerical data of casting numerical simulation become more massive.On a general personal computer,these massive numerical data may probably exceed the capacity of available memory,resulting in failure of rendering.Based on the out-of-core technique,this paper proposes a method to effectively utilize external storage and reduce memory usage dramatically,so as to solve the problem of insufficient memory for massive data rendering on general personal computers.Based on this method,a new postprocessor is developed.It is capable to illustrate filling and solidification processes of casting,as well as thermal stess.The new post-processor also provides fast interaction to simulation results.Theoretical analysis as well as several practical examples prove that the memory usage and loading time of the post-processor are independent of the size of the relevant files,but the proportion of the number of cells on surface.Meanwhile,the speed of rendering and fetching of value from the mouse is appreciable,and the demands of real-time and interaction are satisfied.展开更多
To improve the ability of detecting underwater targets under strong wideband interference environment,an efficient method of line spectrum extraction is proposed,which fully utilizes the feature of the target spectrum...To improve the ability of detecting underwater targets under strong wideband interference environment,an efficient method of line spectrum extraction is proposed,which fully utilizes the feature of the target spectrum that the high intense and stable line spectrum is superimposed on the wide continuous spectrum.This method modifies the traditional beam forming algorithm by calculating and fusing the beam forming results at multi-frequency band and multi-azimuth interval,showing an excellent way to extract the line spectrum when the interference and the target are not in the same azimuth interval simultaneously.Statistical efficiency of the estimated azimuth variance and corresponding power of the line spectrum band depends on the line spectra ratio(LSR)of the line spectrum.The change laws of the output signal to noise ratio(SNR)with the LSR,the input SNR,the integration time and the filtering bandwidth of different algorithms bring the selection principle of the critical LSR.As the basis,the detection gain of wideband energy integration and the narrowband line spectrum algorithm are theoretically analyzed.The simulation detection gain demonstrates a good match with the theoretical model.The application conditions of all methods are verified by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and experimental data from Qiandao Lake.In fact,combining the two methods for target detection reduces the missed detection rate.The proposed post-processing method in2-dimension with the Kalman filter in the time dimension and the background equalization algorithm in the azimuth dimension makes use of the strong correlation between adjacent frames,could further remove background fluctuation and improve the display effect.展开更多
Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)of titanium(Ti)alloys has emerged as a transformative technology with vast potential across multiple industries.To recap the state of the art,Ti alloys processed by two essential LAM t...Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)of titanium(Ti)alloys has emerged as a transformative technology with vast potential across multiple industries.To recap the state of the art,Ti alloys processed by two essential LAM techniques(i.e.,laser powder bed fusion and laser-directed energy deposition)will be reviewed,covering the aspects of processes,materials and post-processing.The impacts of process parameters and strategies for optimizing parameters will be elucidated.Various types of Ti alloys processed by LAM,includingα-Ti,(α+β)-Ti,andβ-Ti alloys,will be overviewed in terms of micro structures and benchmarking properties.Furthermore,the post-processing methods for improving the performance of L AM-processed Ti alloys,including conventional and novel heat treatment,hot isostatic pressing,and surface processing(e.g.,ultrasonic and laser shot peening),will be systematically reviewed and discussed.The review summarizes the process windows,properties,and performance envelopes and benchmarks the research achievements in LAM of Ti alloys.The outlooks of further trends in LAM of Ti alloys are also highlighted at the end of the review.This comprehensive review could serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners,promoting further advancements in LAM-built Ti alloys and their applications.展开更多
基金the Young Investigator Group“Artificial Intelligence for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting”funded by the Vector Stiftungfunding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)and the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments。
文摘Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting,where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradiance to solar power production.Ensemble simulations from such weather models aim to quantify uncertainty in the future development of the weather,and can be used to propagate this uncertainty through the model chain to generate probabilistic solar energy predictions.However,ensemble prediction systems are known to exhibit systematic errors,and thus require post-processing to obtain accurate and reliable probabilistic forecasts.The overarching aim of our study is to systematically evaluate different strategies to apply post-processing in model chain approaches with a specific focus on solar energy:not applying any post-processing at all;post-processing only the irradiance predictions before the conversion;post-processing only the solar power predictions obtained from the model chain;or applying post-processing in both steps.In a case study based on a benchmark dataset for the Jacumba solar plant in the U.S.,we develop statistical and machine learning methods for postprocessing ensemble predictions of global horizontal irradiance(GHI)and solar power generation.Further,we propose a neural-network-based model for direct solar power forecasting that bypasses the model chain.Our results indicate that postprocessing substantially improves the solar power generation forecasts,in particular when post-processing is applied to the power predictions.The machine learning methods for post-processing slightly outperform the statistical methods,and the direct forecasting approach performs comparably to the post-processing strategies.
文摘Tinnitus:the hearing of a sound that has not been produced by any external or internal source,is a rather heterogeneous hearing disorder.Background/Objectives:Hearing loss has been shown to be the main risk factor for tinnitus while emotional disorders are risk factors for developing intrusive or bothersome tinnitus.Moreover,aging has also been identified as another risk factor.The aim of this paper was to analyse the correlation between hearing loss,age and tinnitus severity in a cohort of 610 tinnitus sufferers.Methods:Age,audiometric(hearing condition)and tinnitus(time duration and severity)data were assessed and analysed for all subjects just after recruiting(baseline).Furthermore,the average hearing loss(HL)curves of the participants for age groups were compared to these with the corresponding Age Related HL(ARHL).Results:For most of the age groups,the measured HL curves exceeded in 10-20 dB those of the ARHL.The average age of tinnitus onset(age minus tinnitus duration)was found to be 44-46 years in both men and women.Weak correlation between audiometric feature and tinnitus distress was observed.Conclusions:Hearing loss has been shown to be a clear risk factor for triggering tinnitus(86%of participants were hearing impaired).In this cohort,average measures of hearing loss showed,at most,weak associations with tinnitus-related distress,suggesting that non-audiological factors may play a predominant role.
文摘Background:Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection common in Mediterranean countries and the Middle East.Neurological involvement,although rare,can lead to severe complications,including sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL).This case is particularly noteworthy as it highlights irreversible auditory nerve damage in brucellosis,emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent neurological consequences.The novelty of this case lies in the severity of auditory involvement despite timely treatment.Case Presentation:A 43-year-old male farmer of Maghrebi origin presented with neurobrucellosis complicated by severe,irreversible bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.The patient initially reported symptoms of hearing loss and dizziness,which were confirmed to be associated with auditory nerve involvement.Wright's serology and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)testing confirmed brucellosis.Despite appropriate and prolonged antibiotic therapy,including drugs that penetrate the meningeal barrier and act intracellularly,the patient's auditory impairment remained permanent.The patient is currently a candidate for cochlear implantation to manage his severe hearing loss.Neurological symptoms did not improve with treatment,but cochlear implantation may offer a potential solution to his hearing deficit.Conclusions:This case highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention in brucellosis cases,particularly those with neurological involvement.Delayed diagnosis and treatment can result in irreversible neurological damage.It also underscores the potential for cochlear implantation in patients with severe,irreversible sensorineural hearing loss caused by neurobrucellosis.Cochlear implantation offers an important solution for patients with brucellosis-related hearing deficits,improving their quality of life despite the neurological damage caused by the infection.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(Project No.YDZJ202301ZYTS284).
文摘With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses,this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system,considering regulation losses.First,the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified,and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed,based on Depth of Discharge(DOD)and C-rate.Second,a thermal-storage cooperative control method based on series compensation is developed to improve the system’s frequency regulation performance.Third,targeting system regulation loss cost and regulation output,and considering constraints on output overshoot and system parameters,an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of the low-pass filter and the series compensator,thereby reducing regulation losses while enhancing performance.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that the total loss cost of the proposed control strategy is comparable to that of a system with only thermal power participation.However,the thermal power loss cost is reduced by 42.16%compared to the thermal-only case,while simultaneously improving system frequency stability.Thus,the proposed strategy effectively balances system frequency stability and economic efficiency.
基金funded by the Technology Development Board(TDB)of India's Ministry of Science and Technology(TDB/M-25/2018-19).
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential link between chromosomal polymorphisms in couples who had a medical history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods:Cytogenetic investigation was conducted with mitogen(Phytohemagglutinin-M,Gibco)stimulated blood T lymphocytes by Giemsa trypsin Giemsa banding and Ag-NOR banding on 580 couples with a history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and 240 couples from the general population.Thirty good chromosomal spreads were captured,karyotyped,and analyzed.The karyotypes were designated using the International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature 2024.Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of chromosomal polymorphism variations in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group with the general population group.Results:A conventional cytogenetic investigation revealed that 45.43%of couples experiencing idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss presented with various types of chromosomal polymorphic variants,compared to 11.88%in the general population.The overall frequency of these chromosomal polymorphic variants was significantly higher in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group compared to the general population group(OR 9.97,95%CI 6.99-14.21;P<0.05).Additionally,the prevalence of polymorphic variants was higher among males(49.14%)than females(41.72%)(P=0.01).Conclusions:Chromosomal polymorphic analysis may play a crucial role in the assessment and careful clinical management of cases with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss,especially when no other conclusive reasons are identified during the initial evaluation.Therefore,heteromorphism should not be overlooked while investigating the causes of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.
基金supported by the Scientific and Innovative Action Plan of Shanghai(CN)(22Y11902000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371144 and 82201273)+2 种基金the Cross-Disciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYJC202231)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases(14DZ2260300)We extend our gratitude to Prof.Hao Wu and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases for providing essential resources and laboratory facilities,and to Prof.Lei Song and Prof.Zhiyong Liu for valuable insights and guidance.
文摘Circadian sensitivity significantly influences the severity of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL),but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 97,043 cochlear cells,identifying macrophages as the primary immune responders to acoustic trauma,with a notable increase in their proportion in the cochlea.Immunofluorescence confirmed significant recruitment and activation of cochlear macrophages following noise exposure,while in vivo macrophage depletion resulted in the recovery of hearing.Furthermore,analyses of differentially-expressed genes and pathways revealed pronounced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in macrophages during night-time noise exposure.Measurements of elevated IL-1βand IL-18 expression in cochlear macrophages by multiplex immunohistochemistry correlated with heightened inflammation in the night-time exposure group.These findings were further confirmed by the administration of the selective NLRP3 inhibitor CY-09,which mitigated inflammasome activation,preserved synaptic integrity,and protect against hearing loss.In conclusion,our findings underscore the role of macrophage-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mediating circadian variations in cochlear damage,offering a potential therapeutic target for mitigating NIHL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12301672)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(Yangfan Special Project),China(No.23YF1401300)。
文摘The micro-riblet structures have been demonstrated effective in controlling the Total Pressure Loss(TPL)of aero-engine blades.However,due to the considerable scale gap between micro-texture and an actual aero-engine blade,wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations with massive grids directly describing the global flow field are costly for aerodynamic evaluation.Furthermore,the fine micro surface structure brings unavoidable manufacturing errors,and the probability prediction contributes to gaining the confidence interval of the results.Therefore,a novel relay-based probabilistic model for multi-fidelity scenarios in the TPL prediction of a compressor cascade with micro-riblet surfaces is proposed to trade off accuracy and efficiency.Combined with the low-fidelity flow data generated by an aerodynamic solution strategy using the boundary surrogate model and the high-fidelity flow data from the experiment,the relay-based modeling has been achieved through knowledge transferring,and the confidence interval can be provided by the Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)model.The TPL of compressor cascades with micro-riblet surfaces under different surface structures at March number Ma=0.64,0.74,0.84 have been evaluated using the Relay-Based Probabilistic(RBP)model.The results illustrate that the RBP model could provide higher accuracy than the Single-Fidelity-Data-Driven(SFDD)prediction model,which show the promising potential of multi-fidelity scenarios data fusion in the aerodynamic evaluation of multi-scale configurations.
基金funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20107 and U22A20562)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900201-3)the International Cooperation Project,Ministry of Science and Technology of China (G2023019005L)。
文摘The lateral transport of labile organic carbon represents a critical pathway for soil organic carbon(SOC) loss,reducing organic carbon sequestration and increasing the risk of waterbody pollution.Livestock manure application on croplands serves as a common fertilizer reduction practice to sustain crop yields,enhance SOC sequestration,and reduce water erosion.However,limited quantitative assessments have examined the effects of livestock manure substitution on labile organic carbon lateral loss and fluxes in long-term experiments.This study conducted a three-year field investigation on subtropical sloping croplands to assess the impact of livestock manure substitution on dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) loss via surface runoff,interflow and eroded sediments.There are four treatments:no fertilization(CK);chemical nitrogen fertilizer(SF),40% nitrogen substitution with pig manure(PMF),and 100% nitrogen substitution from pig manure(PM).Compared to SF treatment,long-term livestock manure substitution in PMF and PM treatments significantly(P<0.05) reduced annual cumulative surface runoff fluxes by 13.5 and 21.6%,respectively.Manure applications decreased annual sediment fluxes by 12.9 and 19.1%,respectively.Soil water stable aggregates for mean weight diameter(MWD) increased significantly by 37.7 and 73.6%.Annual cumulative POC loss flux via eroded sediment under PMF and PM treatments increased significantly(P<0.05) by 61.1 and 47.9%,respectively.The labile organic carbon loss fluxes,including DOC and POC losses,under PMF and PM treatments increased significantly(P<0.05) by 11.9 and 31.4%,respectively.These results demonstrate that while water erosion intensity decreases due to enhanced soil aggregate stability,the risk of labile organic carbon loss increases after long-term livestock manure substitution in subtropical sloping croplands.Future research should examine labile organic carbon lateral migration under various soil types and slope gradients for livestock manure application in subtropical agricultural ecosystem croplands to better understand extreme rainfall effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471166 and 82071040)the Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2025QNB28)the Basic Science Research Foundation of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital(ynms202302).
文摘Cisplatin is a widely-used chemotherapeutic agent,but its dose-limiting ototoxicity often results in irreversible hearing loss.The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress,apoptosis,DNA damage,and inflammatory responses,yet effective preventive strategies remain limited.Here,we demonstrate that magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)),a hydrogen-releasing compound,provides robust protection against cisplatin-induced hearing loss.Our results showed that MgH_(2)protected auditory function and preserved cochlear hair cells in vivo.Furthermore,it significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured HEI-OC1(House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1)cells and cochlear explants.Notably,MgH_(2)suppressed NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)-mediated inflammatory cascades,thereby limiting downstream inflammatory damage.These findings revealed that MgH_(2)alleviated cisplatin-induced hearing loss through integrated antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic pathways,with NLRP3 identified as a critical regulatory molecule.Collectively,our study provides compelling evidence for MgH_(2)as a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1200800)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(2024A1515030094)。
文摘Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to humans,and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified it as a Group I carcinogen.Cadmium undergoes minimal metabolism in the human body;consequently,prolonged Cd^(2+)exposure can cause severe damage to multiple organs including the liver,kidneys,lungs,bones,and immune system(Shao et al.2024).Rice,one of the three global staple crops,and Cd exposure in humans primarily occurs the consumption of contaminated rice grains.The contribution of rice to the total dietary Cd intake is over 50% for non-smoking Asian populations(Chen et al.2018;Shi et al.2020).
基金Supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China.
文摘Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.
基金supported by grant provided by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP.Grant#2023/15750-7。
文摘Bone resorption is a vital physiological process that enables skeletal remodeling,maintenance,and adaptation to mechanical forces throughout life.While tightly regulated under the physiological state,its dysregulation contributes to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,and periodontitis.Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiotic biofilms that disrupt the oral microbiome,leading to the progressive breakdown of the periodontal ligament,cementum,and alveolar bone and ultimately resulting in tooth loss.This review outlines the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying periodontitis,focusing on osteoclastogenesis,the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts,the primary mediators of bone resorption.Key transcriptional regulators,including NFATc1,c-Fos,and c-Src are discussed alongside major signaling pathways such as Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase(MAPK),Janus Tyrosine Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription(JAK/STAT),Nuclear Factor Kappa B(NF-κB),and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,to elucidate their roles in the initiation and progression of periodontal bone loss.These pathways orchestrate the inflammatory response and osteoclast activity,underscoring their relevance in periodontitis and other osteolytic conditions.Hallmark features of periodontitis,including chronic inflammation,immune dysregulation,and tissue destruction are highlighted,with emphasis on current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these molecular pathways.Special attention is given to small molecules,biologics,and natural compounds that have the potential to modulate key signaling pathways.Although advances in understanding these mechanisms have identified promising therapeutic targets,translation into effective clinical interventions remains challenging.Continued research into regulating bone-resorptive signaling pathways is essential for developing more effective treatments for periodontitis and related inflammatory bone diseases.
文摘In the present computational fluid dynamics （CFD） community, post-processing is regarded as a procedure to view parameter distribution, detect characteristic structure and reveal physical mechanism of fluid flow based on computational or experimental results. Field plots by contours, iso-surfaces, streamlines, vectors and others are traditional post-processing techniques. While the shock wave, as one important and critical flow structure in many aerodynamic problems, can hardly be detected or distinguished in a direct way using these traditional methods, due to possible confusions with other similar discontinuous flow structures like slip line, contact discontinuity, etc. Therefore, method for automatic detection of shock wave in post-processing is of great importance for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the current status of methodologies developed for shock wave detection and implementations in post-processing platform are reviewed, as well as discussions on advantages and limitations of the existing methods and proposals for further studies of shock wave detection method. We also develop an advanced post-processing software, with improved shock detection.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics,Shanghai Branch,University of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11405172
文摘Quantum random number generators adopting single negligible dead time of avalanche photodiodes （APDs） photon detection have been restricted due to the non- We propose a new approach based on an APD array to improve the generation rate of random numbers significantly. This method compares the detectors＇ responses to consecutive optical pulses and generates the random sequence. We implement a demonstration experiment to show its simplicity, compactness and scalability. The generated numbers are proved to be unbiased, post-processing free, ready to use, and their randomness is verified by using the national institute of standard technology statistical test suite. The random bit generation efficiency is as high as 32.8% and the potential generation rate adopting the 32× 32 APD array is up to tens of Gbits/s.
基金Projects 50221402, 50490271 and 50025413 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB219603, 2009 CB724601, 2006CB202209 and 2005CB221500)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Ministry of Education (306002)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in Universities of MOE (IRT0408)
文摘In order to carry out numerical simulation using geologic structural data obtained from Landmark(seismic interpretation system), underground geological structures are abstracted into mechanical models which can reflect actual situations and facilitate their computation and analyses.Given the importance of model building, further processing methods about traditional seismic interpretation results from Landmark should be studied and the processed result can then be directly used in numerical simulation computations.Through this data conversion procedure, Landmark and FLAC(the international general stress software) are seamlessly connected.Thus, the format conversion between the two systems and the pre-and post-processing in simulation computation is realized.A practical application indicates that this method has many advantages such as simple operation, high accuracy of the element subdivision and high speed, which may definitely satisfy the actual needs of floor grid cutting.
文摘The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for collecting data is not sufficient because of their limited coverage and expensive costs for installation and maintenance. Application of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in travel time and delay data collections is proven to be efficient in terms of accuracy, level of details for the data and required data collection of man-power. While data collection automation is improved by the GPS technique, human errors can easily find their way through the post-processing phase, and therefore data post-processing remains a challenge especially in case of big projects with high amount of data. This paper introduces a stand-alone post-processing tool called GPS Calculator, which provides an easy-to-use environment to carry out data post-processing. This is a Visual Basic application that processes the data files obtained in the field and integrates them into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and representation. The results show that this tool obtains similar results to the currently used data post-processing method, reduces the post-processing effort, and also eliminates the need for the second person during the data collection.
基金supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-09-0396)the National Science&Technology Key Projects of Numerical Control(2012ZX04014-031)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2011CDB279)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2010CDA067)
文摘When castings become complicated and the demands for precision of numerical simulation become higher,the numerical data of casting numerical simulation become more massive.On a general personal computer,these massive numerical data may probably exceed the capacity of available memory,resulting in failure of rendering.Based on the out-of-core technique,this paper proposes a method to effectively utilize external storage and reduce memory usage dramatically,so as to solve the problem of insufficient memory for massive data rendering on general personal computers.Based on this method,a new postprocessor is developed.It is capable to illustrate filling and solidification processes of casting,as well as thermal stess.The new post-processor also provides fast interaction to simulation results.Theoretical analysis as well as several practical examples prove that the memory usage and loading time of the post-processor are independent of the size of the relevant files,but the proportion of the number of cells on surface.Meanwhile,the speed of rendering and fetching of value from the mouse is appreciable,and the demands of real-time and interaction are satisfied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875535)the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province(201701D221017,201901D211242)。
文摘To improve the ability of detecting underwater targets under strong wideband interference environment,an efficient method of line spectrum extraction is proposed,which fully utilizes the feature of the target spectrum that the high intense and stable line spectrum is superimposed on the wide continuous spectrum.This method modifies the traditional beam forming algorithm by calculating and fusing the beam forming results at multi-frequency band and multi-azimuth interval,showing an excellent way to extract the line spectrum when the interference and the target are not in the same azimuth interval simultaneously.Statistical efficiency of the estimated azimuth variance and corresponding power of the line spectrum band depends on the line spectra ratio(LSR)of the line spectrum.The change laws of the output signal to noise ratio(SNR)with the LSR,the input SNR,the integration time and the filtering bandwidth of different algorithms bring the selection principle of the critical LSR.As the basis,the detection gain of wideband energy integration and the narrowband line spectrum algorithm are theoretically analyzed.The simulation detection gain demonstrates a good match with the theoretical model.The application conditions of all methods are verified by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and experimental data from Qiandao Lake.In fact,combining the two methods for target detection reduces the missed detection rate.The proposed post-processing method in2-dimension with the Kalman filter in the time dimension and the background equalization algorithm in the azimuth dimension makes use of the strong correlation between adjacent frames,could further remove background fluctuation and improve the display effect.
基金financially supported by the 2022 MTC Young Individual Research Grants under Singapore Research,Innovation and Enterprise(RIE)2025 Plan(No.M22K3c0097)the Natural Science Foundation of US(No.DMR-2104933)the sponsorship of the China Scholarship Council(No.202106130051)。
文摘Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)of titanium(Ti)alloys has emerged as a transformative technology with vast potential across multiple industries.To recap the state of the art,Ti alloys processed by two essential LAM techniques(i.e.,laser powder bed fusion and laser-directed energy deposition)will be reviewed,covering the aspects of processes,materials and post-processing.The impacts of process parameters and strategies for optimizing parameters will be elucidated.Various types of Ti alloys processed by LAM,includingα-Ti,(α+β)-Ti,andβ-Ti alloys,will be overviewed in terms of micro structures and benchmarking properties.Furthermore,the post-processing methods for improving the performance of L AM-processed Ti alloys,including conventional and novel heat treatment,hot isostatic pressing,and surface processing(e.g.,ultrasonic and laser shot peening),will be systematically reviewed and discussed.The review summarizes the process windows,properties,and performance envelopes and benchmarks the research achievements in LAM of Ti alloys.The outlooks of further trends in LAM of Ti alloys are also highlighted at the end of the review.This comprehensive review could serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners,promoting further advancements in LAM-built Ti alloys and their applications.
