目的探讨腔镜下保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的腺体切除术复合假体+Ti-Loop补片乳房重建治疗乳腺癌(BC)的效果及对术后并发症的影响。方法选取行BC根治术患者162例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组81例。对照组予以腔镜下保留NAC的腺体切除术...目的探讨腔镜下保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的腺体切除术复合假体+Ti-Loop补片乳房重建治疗乳腺癌(BC)的效果及对术后并发症的影响。方法选取行BC根治术患者162例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组81例。对照组予以腔镜下保留NAC的腺体切除术复合即刻假体乳房重建治疗,研究组予以腔镜下保留NAC的腺体切除术复合假体+Ti-Loop补片乳房重建治疗。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流时间、开始新辅助化疗时间、术后首次下床活动时间、术后24 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、住院时间和手术前后乳房美观度评分、自尊量表(SES)评分、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及术后并发症、复发、转移和生存情况。结果研究组手术时间长于对照组,但术后首次下床活动时间、住院时间短于对照组,术后24 h VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周~6个月,研究组BC患者美观度评分高于对照组;术后6个月,研究组SES评分、GQOLI-74评分均高于对照组,SAS评分、SDS评分均低于对照组;研究组皮下积液、切口坏死、上肢水肿和乳头坏死发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组术后随访期间肿瘤局部复发、病死率及远处转移发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腔镜下保留NAC的腺体切除术复合假体+Ti-Loop补片乳房重建治疗BC手术效果较好,可有效降低术后并发症发生率,安全性好。展开更多
【目的】掌握骨唇黄河鱼(Chuanchia labiosa)其野生种质资源现状,了解其系统发育关系和进化状况。【方法】对野外采样的106尾骨唇黄河鱼进行mt DNA Cytb,COX1和D-Loop基因多样性对比。【结果】结果表明9个裂腹鱼亚科群体系统发育进化树...【目的】掌握骨唇黄河鱼(Chuanchia labiosa)其野生种质资源现状,了解其系统发育关系和进化状况。【方法】对野外采样的106尾骨唇黄河鱼进行mt DNA Cytb,COX1和D-Loop基因多样性对比。【结果】结果表明9个裂腹鱼亚科群体系统发育进化树分为3大支,Network与系统发育树结果基本一致。骨唇黄河鱼Tajima’sD和Fu’sFs检验及错配分布分析均表明其经历过种群扩张,不同种群分离的时间可能与青藏高原地质运动有关。【结论】骨唇黄河鱼的遗传多样性相对较低,呈高单倍型多样度和低核苷酸多样度的特点。展开更多
As space technology advances,thermal control systems must effectively collect and dissipate heat from distributed,multi-source environments.Loop heat pipe is a highly reliable two-phase heat transfer component,but it ...As space technology advances,thermal control systems must effectively collect and dissipate heat from distributed,multi-source environments.Loop heat pipe is a highly reliable two-phase heat transfer component,but it has several limitations when addressing multi-source heat dissipation.Inspired by the transport and heat dissipation system of plants,large trees achieve stable and efficient liquid supply under the influence of two driving forces:capillary force during transpiration in the leaves(pull)and root pressure generated by osmotic pressure in the roots(push).The root pressure provides an effective liquid supply with a driving force exceeding 2 MPa,far greater than the driving force in conventional capillary-pumped two-phase loops.Research has shown that osmotic heat pipes offer a powerful driving force,and combining osmotic pressure with capillary force has significant advantages.Therefore,this paper designs a multi-evaporator,dual-drive two-phase loop,using both osmotic pressure and capillary force to solve the multi-source heat dissipation challenge.First,a transmembrane water flux model for the osmotic pressure-driven device was established to predict the maximum heat transfer capacity of the dual-drive two-phase loop.Then,an experimental setup for a multi-evaporator“osmotic pressure+capillary force”dual-drive two-phase loop was constructed,capable of transferring at least 235 W of power under a reverse gravity condition of 20 m.The study also analyzed the effects of reverse gravity height,heat load distribution among the three evaporators,startup sequence,and varying branch resistances on the performance of the dual-drive two-phase loop.展开更多
This paper presents a compact ultra-low-power phase-locked loop (PLL) based binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)demodulator. The loop-filter-less(LPF-less) PLL is proposed to make phase of PLL output carrier signal track t...This paper presents a compact ultra-low-power phase-locked loop (PLL) based binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)demodulator. The loop-filter-less(LPF-less) PLL is proposed to make phase of PLL output carrier signal track the phase of BPSK signal in real time. Thus, the maximum date rate can be significantly extended to the half of the carrier frequency(f_(carrier)) with a very compact size compared to prior PLL-based BPSK demodulators. Furthermore, eliminating all the static power in our LPF-less PLL, the energy efficiency is obviously improved. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process, our prototype occupies 0.0012-mm^(2)core active area, and achieves the maximum data rate of 6.78 Mb/s (f_(carrier)/2) at f_(carrier)of 13.56 MHz. The power consumption and energy efficiency is 4.47 μW and 0.66 pJ/bit at 6.78-Mb/s data rate, respectively.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the treatment of rectal cancer,a temporary loop ileostomy(TLI)is created after low anterior resection to protect bowel function in the postoperative period.Dehydration and kidney failure are significant ...BACKGROUND In the treatment of rectal cancer,a temporary loop ileostomy(TLI)is created after low anterior resection to protect bowel function in the postoperative period.Dehydration and kidney failure are significant potential complications in loop ileostomies.Compared to late closure(3-6 months),early closure(10-14 days)of the TLI may facilitate faster patient recovery and shorter hospital stays.AIM To compare early and late closure of TLIs and demonstrate that early stoma closure can be performed without increasing morbidity.METHODS This study included patients who underwent TLI for rectal cancer,with data collected prospectively between June 2016 and October 2024 and analyzed retrospectively.Patients whose stomas were closed in the late period(3-6 months)between June 2016 and October 2022(group A)were compared with those who underwent early closure(10-14 days)between October 2022 and 2024(group B),with the primary outcome being complication rate and the secondary outcome being quality of life.RESULTS A total of 270 TLIs were created(70.9%).Of these,120(44.4%)were closed in the late period(group A),and 150(55.6%)were closed in the early period(group B).There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B in terms of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics(P>0.05).Perioperative(anesthesia management,operative time,blood loss,surgical technique)and postoperative findings(anastomotic leak,infection)were similar between the two groups and were not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in complication rates as the primary outcome between the two groups.Quality of life as a secondary outcome was significantly higher in the early closure group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION No statistically significant difference was found between early and late loop ileostomy closure in terms of perioperative and postoperative morbidity.Early closure accelerated patients’psychological and social recovery.展开更多
The clinicians remain uncertain about the ideal timing for loop ileostomy reversal following rectal resection surgery.The common practice of waiting 8-12 weeks to protect from anastomotic complication,especially in pa...The clinicians remain uncertain about the ideal timing for loop ileostomy reversal following rectal resection surgery.The common practice of waiting 8-12 weeks to protect from anastomotic complication,especially in patients who receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,would expose patients to dehydration,electrolyte disturbances,stoma related complications,and reduced quality of life.Randomized controlled trials have studied early reversal of ileostomy,with results ranging from improved outcomes in selected patients to increased morbidity when applied indiscriminately.Meta-analyses have also yielded heterogeneous findings,reflecting the need for careful patient selection.The study byÖzcan and Düzgün used retrospective methods to show that patients who underwent early closure experienced similar complication rates to those who had late closure,but early closure were associated with better quality of life.Taken together,current evidence suggests that reversal within 2-4 weeks may be safe and beneficial in meticulously selected patients with an intact anastomosis and an uneventful postoperative course.Their study provides practical data supporting early closure.It is limited,however,by being retrospective with a short follow-up period,which may leave important concerns unaddressed.Multicenter randomized trials are required to help establish safe standardized criteria for early closure and longterm safety.展开更多
In-situ TEM observation was conducted during Ni^(+)&He^(+)dual-beam irradiation to monitor the evolution of dislocation loops accompanied by He bubbles in the Ni-based alloy GH3535.Two distinct evolutions of dislo...In-situ TEM observation was conducted during Ni^(+)&He^(+)dual-beam irradiation to monitor the evolution of dislocation loops accompanied by He bubbles in the Ni-based alloy GH3535.Two distinct evolutions of dislocation loops,driven by residual stresses,were observed within the monitored grains.Hence,molec-ular dynamics(MD)simulations were employed to reveal the effects of stress magnitude and direction on loop evolution,including size,number density,type and variation.The simulations revealed that the presence of compressive stress reduced the formation energy of perfect dislocation loops,thus promoting their formation.Stress state was found to influence the preferential orientation of the loops,and com-pressive stress resulted in a decreased number density of dislocation loops but an increase in their size.This establishes a clear relationship between stress state and magnitude and the evolution of dislocation loops during ion beam irradiation.Additionally,the nature and characteristics of dislocation loops were quantified to explore the effects of He concentrations on their evolution.The higher He concentration not only promotes the nucleation of dislocation loops,leading to their higher number density,but also facil-itates the unfaulting evolution by increasing the stacking fault energy(SFE).Moreover,the accumulation of He in the lower-He-concentration sample led to the growth of dislocation loops in multiple stages,explaining their nearly identical average sizes when compared to the higher-He-concentration sample.展开更多
With the development of space-based remote sensing and deep space exploration technology,higher standards for temperature stability and uniformity of payloads have been proposed to spacecraft thermal control systems.A...With the development of space-based remote sensing and deep space exploration technology,higher standards for temperature stability and uniformity of payloads have been proposed to spacecraft thermal control systems.As an efficient two-phase heat transfer device with active temperature control capabilities,the loop heat pipe(LHP)can be widely applied in spacecraft thermal control systems to achieve reliable temperature control under various operating modes and complex space thermal environments.This paper analyzes the fundamental theories of thermal switch-controlled,reservoir temperature-controlled,and bypass valve-controlled LHPs.The focus is on the theories and methods of achieving high-precision and high-reliability temperature control via active reservoir temperature control.Novel control techniques in recent years,such as non-condensable gas(NCG)control with a temperature stability of 0.01℃ ,are also briefly introduced as promising approaches to improve LHP performance.The on-orbit performance and characteristics of various LHP temperature control methods are provided and ranked in terms of control precision,energy consumption,complexity,and weight.Thermoelectric cooler(TEC)/electrical heater,as the foundation of reservoir temperature control,can achieve a temperature stability of in space applications under±0.2℃ a wide range of heat load.Microgravity model,control strategy,and operating mode conversion are three optimization directions that would hopefully further expand the application scenario of reservoir temperature control.Specific design principles and challenges for corresponding directions are summarized as guidance for researchers.展开更多
The stabilities and migration behaviors of 1/2<110>perfect vacancy loops in various FCC metals are studied by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.Compression strain can suppress the spontaneous structural transfor...The stabilities and migration behaviors of 1/2<110>perfect vacancy loops in various FCC metals are studied by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.Compression strain can suppress the spontaneous structural transformation from perfect vacancy loops to sessile stacking fault tetrahedra(SFTs).Instead,an intermediate stable structure containing four stacking faults and exhibiting one-dimensional(1-D)fast migration is formed.The migration is essentially enhanced with the compression strain,the corresponding migration barrier can be as low as 0.002 eV for perfect loop containing 100 vacancies in Cu under 4%compression strain.Furthermore,the stabilities and mobilities of intermediate structures are increased with the decrease of stacking fault energy(SFE)for Au,Cu,Ni and Al.Two different migration modes,including collective glide and change of habit planes,are observed,the dominant migration behavior depends on the loop size and compression strain.The energetics of 1/2<110>perfect vacancy loops and SFTs,as well as the energy landscapes of two 1-D migration modes,are calculated to interpret its structural transformation and migration behaviors.This study first reveals the fast migration behaviors of perfect vacancy loops in FCC metals and the underlying mechanisms,especially the important role of compression strain,which would provide important clues for understanding the variations of microstructures and properties related with vacancy behaviors.展开更多
文摘目的探讨腔镜下保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的腺体切除术复合假体+Ti-Loop补片乳房重建治疗乳腺癌(BC)的效果及对术后并发症的影响。方法选取行BC根治术患者162例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组81例。对照组予以腔镜下保留NAC的腺体切除术复合即刻假体乳房重建治疗,研究组予以腔镜下保留NAC的腺体切除术复合假体+Ti-Loop补片乳房重建治疗。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流时间、开始新辅助化疗时间、术后首次下床活动时间、术后24 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、住院时间和手术前后乳房美观度评分、自尊量表(SES)评分、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及术后并发症、复发、转移和生存情况。结果研究组手术时间长于对照组,但术后首次下床活动时间、住院时间短于对照组,术后24 h VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周~6个月,研究组BC患者美观度评分高于对照组;术后6个月,研究组SES评分、GQOLI-74评分均高于对照组,SAS评分、SDS评分均低于对照组;研究组皮下积液、切口坏死、上肢水肿和乳头坏死发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组术后随访期间肿瘤局部复发、病死率及远处转移发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腔镜下保留NAC的腺体切除术复合假体+Ti-Loop补片乳房重建治疗BC手术效果较好,可有效降低术后并发症发生率,安全性好。
文摘【目的】掌握骨唇黄河鱼(Chuanchia labiosa)其野生种质资源现状,了解其系统发育关系和进化状况。【方法】对野外采样的106尾骨唇黄河鱼进行mt DNA Cytb,COX1和D-Loop基因多样性对比。【结果】结果表明9个裂腹鱼亚科群体系统发育进化树分为3大支,Network与系统发育树结果基本一致。骨唇黄河鱼Tajima’sD和Fu’sFs检验及错配分布分析均表明其经历过种群扩张,不同种群分离的时间可能与青藏高原地质运动有关。【结论】骨唇黄河鱼的遗传多样性相对较低,呈高单倍型多样度和低核苷酸多样度的特点。
基金Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars 2020-JCJQ-ZQ-042 Intelligent and Bionic Spacecraft Thermal Control Technology Inspired by Tree Sap Transport Principle.
文摘As space technology advances,thermal control systems must effectively collect and dissipate heat from distributed,multi-source environments.Loop heat pipe is a highly reliable two-phase heat transfer component,but it has several limitations when addressing multi-source heat dissipation.Inspired by the transport and heat dissipation system of plants,large trees achieve stable and efficient liquid supply under the influence of two driving forces:capillary force during transpiration in the leaves(pull)and root pressure generated by osmotic pressure in the roots(push).The root pressure provides an effective liquid supply with a driving force exceeding 2 MPa,far greater than the driving force in conventional capillary-pumped two-phase loops.Research has shown that osmotic heat pipes offer a powerful driving force,and combining osmotic pressure with capillary force has significant advantages.Therefore,this paper designs a multi-evaporator,dual-drive two-phase loop,using both osmotic pressure and capillary force to solve the multi-source heat dissipation challenge.First,a transmembrane water flux model for the osmotic pressure-driven device was established to predict the maximum heat transfer capacity of the dual-drive two-phase loop.Then,an experimental setup for a multi-evaporator“osmotic pressure+capillary force”dual-drive two-phase loop was constructed,capable of transferring at least 235 W of power under a reverse gravity condition of 20 m.The study also analyzed the effects of reverse gravity height,heat load distribution among the three evaporators,startup sequence,and varying branch resistances on the performance of the dual-drive two-phase loop.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 62222409 and 62174153by Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS, under grant ZDBS-LY-JSC008。
文摘This paper presents a compact ultra-low-power phase-locked loop (PLL) based binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)demodulator. The loop-filter-less(LPF-less) PLL is proposed to make phase of PLL output carrier signal track the phase of BPSK signal in real time. Thus, the maximum date rate can be significantly extended to the half of the carrier frequency(f_(carrier)) with a very compact size compared to prior PLL-based BPSK demodulators. Furthermore, eliminating all the static power in our LPF-less PLL, the energy efficiency is obviously improved. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process, our prototype occupies 0.0012-mm^(2)core active area, and achieves the maximum data rate of 6.78 Mb/s (f_(carrier)/2) at f_(carrier)of 13.56 MHz. The power consumption and energy efficiency is 4.47 μW and 0.66 pJ/bit at 6.78-Mb/s data rate, respectively.
文摘BACKGROUND In the treatment of rectal cancer,a temporary loop ileostomy(TLI)is created after low anterior resection to protect bowel function in the postoperative period.Dehydration and kidney failure are significant potential complications in loop ileostomies.Compared to late closure(3-6 months),early closure(10-14 days)of the TLI may facilitate faster patient recovery and shorter hospital stays.AIM To compare early and late closure of TLIs and demonstrate that early stoma closure can be performed without increasing morbidity.METHODS This study included patients who underwent TLI for rectal cancer,with data collected prospectively between June 2016 and October 2024 and analyzed retrospectively.Patients whose stomas were closed in the late period(3-6 months)between June 2016 and October 2022(group A)were compared with those who underwent early closure(10-14 days)between October 2022 and 2024(group B),with the primary outcome being complication rate and the secondary outcome being quality of life.RESULTS A total of 270 TLIs were created(70.9%).Of these,120(44.4%)were closed in the late period(group A),and 150(55.6%)were closed in the early period(group B).There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B in terms of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics(P>0.05).Perioperative(anesthesia management,operative time,blood loss,surgical technique)and postoperative findings(anastomotic leak,infection)were similar between the two groups and were not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in complication rates as the primary outcome between the two groups.Quality of life as a secondary outcome was significantly higher in the early closure group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION No statistically significant difference was found between early and late loop ileostomy closure in terms of perioperative and postoperative morbidity.Early closure accelerated patients’psychological and social recovery.
文摘The clinicians remain uncertain about the ideal timing for loop ileostomy reversal following rectal resection surgery.The common practice of waiting 8-12 weeks to protect from anastomotic complication,especially in patients who receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,would expose patients to dehydration,electrolyte disturbances,stoma related complications,and reduced quality of life.Randomized controlled trials have studied early reversal of ileostomy,with results ranging from improved outcomes in selected patients to increased morbidity when applied indiscriminately.Meta-analyses have also yielded heterogeneous findings,reflecting the need for careful patient selection.The study byÖzcan and Düzgün used retrospective methods to show that patients who underwent early closure experienced similar complication rates to those who had late closure,but early closure were associated with better quality of life.Taken together,current evidence suggests that reversal within 2-4 weeks may be safe and beneficial in meticulously selected patients with an intact anastomosis and an uneventful postoperative course.Their study provides practical data supporting early closure.It is limited,however,by being retrospective with a short follow-up period,which may leave important concerns unaddressed.Multicenter randomized trials are required to help establish safe standardized criteria for early closure and longterm safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2341261 and 12375280)the Young Potential Program of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YXJH-2022002)the National MCF Energy R&D Program(No.2022YFE03110000).
文摘In-situ TEM observation was conducted during Ni^(+)&He^(+)dual-beam irradiation to monitor the evolution of dislocation loops accompanied by He bubbles in the Ni-based alloy GH3535.Two distinct evolutions of dislocation loops,driven by residual stresses,were observed within the monitored grains.Hence,molec-ular dynamics(MD)simulations were employed to reveal the effects of stress magnitude and direction on loop evolution,including size,number density,type and variation.The simulations revealed that the presence of compressive stress reduced the formation energy of perfect dislocation loops,thus promoting their formation.Stress state was found to influence the preferential orientation of the loops,and com-pressive stress resulted in a decreased number density of dislocation loops but an increase in their size.This establishes a clear relationship between stress state and magnitude and the evolution of dislocation loops during ion beam irradiation.Additionally,the nature and characteristics of dislocation loops were quantified to explore the effects of He concentrations on their evolution.The higher He concentration not only promotes the nucleation of dislocation loops,leading to their higher number density,but also facil-itates the unfaulting evolution by increasing the stacking fault energy(SFE).Moreover,the accumulation of He in the lower-He-concentration sample led to the growth of dislocation loops in multiple stages,explaining their nearly identical average sizes when compared to the higher-He-concentration sample.
基金funded by National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China,grant number 2020-JCJQ-ZQ-042.
文摘With the development of space-based remote sensing and deep space exploration technology,higher standards for temperature stability and uniformity of payloads have been proposed to spacecraft thermal control systems.As an efficient two-phase heat transfer device with active temperature control capabilities,the loop heat pipe(LHP)can be widely applied in spacecraft thermal control systems to achieve reliable temperature control under various operating modes and complex space thermal environments.This paper analyzes the fundamental theories of thermal switch-controlled,reservoir temperature-controlled,and bypass valve-controlled LHPs.The focus is on the theories and methods of achieving high-precision and high-reliability temperature control via active reservoir temperature control.Novel control techniques in recent years,such as non-condensable gas(NCG)control with a temperature stability of 0.01℃ ,are also briefly introduced as promising approaches to improve LHP performance.The on-orbit performance and characteristics of various LHP temperature control methods are provided and ranked in terms of control precision,energy consumption,complexity,and weight.Thermoelectric cooler(TEC)/electrical heater,as the foundation of reservoir temperature control,can achieve a temperature stability of in space applications under±0.2℃ a wide range of heat load.Microgravity model,control strategy,and operating mode conversion are three optimization directions that would hopefully further expand the application scenario of reservoir temperature control.Specific design principles and challenges for corresponding directions are summarized as guidance for researchers.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Research Project(No.2024YFE03150000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11905057,11935004,and 12175059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ30002).
文摘The stabilities and migration behaviors of 1/2<110>perfect vacancy loops in various FCC metals are studied by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.Compression strain can suppress the spontaneous structural transformation from perfect vacancy loops to sessile stacking fault tetrahedra(SFTs).Instead,an intermediate stable structure containing four stacking faults and exhibiting one-dimensional(1-D)fast migration is formed.The migration is essentially enhanced with the compression strain,the corresponding migration barrier can be as low as 0.002 eV for perfect loop containing 100 vacancies in Cu under 4%compression strain.Furthermore,the stabilities and mobilities of intermediate structures are increased with the decrease of stacking fault energy(SFE)for Au,Cu,Ni and Al.Two different migration modes,including collective glide and change of habit planes,are observed,the dominant migration behavior depends on the loop size and compression strain.The energetics of 1/2<110>perfect vacancy loops and SFTs,as well as the energy landscapes of two 1-D migration modes,are calculated to interpret its structural transformation and migration behaviors.This study first reveals the fast migration behaviors of perfect vacancy loops in FCC metals and the underlying mechanisms,especially the important role of compression strain,which would provide important clues for understanding the variations of microstructures and properties related with vacancy behaviors.
