Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the del...Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.展开更多
Purpose-This study explores how managerial leadership and organizational innovation interact to enhance resilience and risk management in railway supply chains and how these capabilities contribute to sustained compet...Purpose-This study explores how managerial leadership and organizational innovation interact to enhance resilience and risk management in railway supply chains and how these capabilities contribute to sustained competitive advantage.It emphasizes the strategic importance of resilience in railway systems that face operational complexity,regulatory pressures and increasing exposure to systemic risks.Design/methodology/approach-A mixed-methods design was employed,integrating survey data from 186 railway organizations with six case studies involving railway operators,rolling stock manufacturers and supply chain partners across multiple regions.Constructs were measured using validated scales and hypothesized relationships were tested using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM).Case study interviews were analyzed thematically to provide contextual understanding of leadership practices and innovation strategies.Findings-The results confirm that transformational managerial leadership significantly predicts innovation adoption,which in turn strengthens resilience and risk management capabilities.Resilience emerged as a powerful driver of competitive advantage,reinforcing its role as a strategic capability rather than a reactive response to disruptions.Furthermore,innovation was shown to partially mediate the relationship between leadership and resilience,highlighting its function as the operational channel through which vision translates into capability.Originality/value-This study contributes to the literature by integrating the Resource-Based View(RBV)and Dynamic Capabilities(DC)framework into the context of railway supply chains.It is among the first to empirically validate the mediating role of innovation between leadership and resilience,offering both theoretical advancements and actionable strategies for building resilient and competitive railway systems.展开更多
On December 18,2023,a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Gansu Province,triggering a liquefaction-induced flow slide along the loess-mudstone contact zone and causing significant casualties and property ...On December 18,2023,a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Gansu Province,triggering a liquefaction-induced flow slide along the loess-mudstone contact zone and causing significant casualties and property losses.The event featured low-slope,large-scale,runout distance sliding and exhibited a clear cascading disaster chain.Its characteristics closely resemble the catastrophic mudflow at the nearby Lajia Ruins approximately 4,000 years ago.Using high-resolution oblique photogrammetry,cone penetration testing,surface wave analysis,and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio methods,this study examines the stratigraphy,groundwater conditions,and geomechanical properties of the affected zone.Results indicate that saturated loess overlying impermeable mudstone formed a high-moisture mass vulnerable to seismic disturbance.Seismic resonance triggered the liquefaction of weakly structured loess,which slide along the contact interface and evolved into a runout distance mudflow.Underground water and terrain modification created a composite weak zone of saturated loess and softened mudstone,which intensified the disaster chain-from earthquake to liquefaction,flow slide,and mudflow.This study contributes to the understanding of deep-seated liquefaction-flow slide disasters,thereby advancing more effective risk mitigation strategies in the Loess Plateau and comparable loess-covered seismic regions.展开更多
Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard...Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard types,ice-water phase change,and enhanced mobility of the mass flow.Scientifically simulating these physical phenomena proves challenging.This study introduces GMFA(glacier mass flow analysis),an integrated numerical model that advances the field by:(1)proposing depth-averaged fluctuation energy and internal energy equations,(2)incorporating the ice-water phase change and the entrainment-deposition process,and(3)capturing their effects on mass flow runout characteristics.The model employs the finite volume method to solve the multi-physics coupled governing equations,enabling efficient large-scale simulations.The model is verified through three numerical tests covering flow dynamics,temperature evolution,and thermo-hydro-mechanical runout processes.The model is applied to analyze a hazard chain that occurred on 10 September 2020 on the Tibetan Plateau.The multi-scenario simulation results indicate an entrained mass volume of(4.95±0.11)×10^(5)m^(3),and a ratio of entrained mass volume to source material volume of 0.44.The solid concentration decreases from 0.6-0.7 to 0.1-0.15 with increasing runout distance,indicating a transition from avalanche to debris flood.The internal energy rises by(3-4)×10^(3)kJ/m^(3),driving rapid ice melting from 0.1 to 0.2 to near-zero concentration.The model effectively quantifies volume amplification,ice-water phase changes,and multi-hazard transformations.This model pushes the geoscience frontier,extending computational capability from single-to multi-hazard simulations and providing a powerful tool for analyzing glacier cascading hazards.展开更多
The shift toward specialized and large-scale agricultural production has spurred the emergence of agricultural clusters as key forces of rural vitalization and sustainable development.This paper explored the formation...The shift toward specialized and large-scale agricultural production has spurred the emergence of agricultural clusters as key forces of rural vitalization and sustainable development.This paper explored the formation and evolution of Meizhou pomelo industry cluster in China,focusing on its role in restructuring rural socio-economic systems and integrating the whole value chains.Based on a case study employing qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews and participatory observation,the agricultural cluster evolution of Meizhou pomelo was categorized into three key phases of initial decentralization,self-organized scaling,and reorganized clustering.Geographical proximity and industrial agglomeration constitute the physical foundation,while vertical/horizontal linkages,technologic-al innovation,and policy support enhance competitiveness.Special mechanisms emerge through localized social networks,farmer co-operatives’activation,and cross-regional market expansion.The cluster’s impact is manifested in the shift from extensive to standard-ized and modernized production,diversified and flexible livelihood of farmers,and the integration of agriculture with industry and ser-vices.The development of the whole value chain based on agricultural cluster represents a critical pathway for achieving agricultural modernization,encompassing both internal and external value chain optimization.Through quality assurance systems,product diversi-fication strategies,operational efficiency improvements,and brand enhancement,these clusters amplify product value propositions and market competitiveness.This systemic approach facilitates supply-demand coordination,enables resource synergies,and optimizes eco-nomic returns across the horizontal and vertical value chain.This paper argues that agricultural clusters serve as strategic catalysts for sustainable rural development by reconstructing local production systems,fostering innovation ecosystems,and aligning agricultural modernization.It contributes to debates on rural vitalization by demonstrating how agricultural clustering can reconfigure rural areas as hubs of ecological modernization,rather than mere urban peripheries.展开更多
Tellurene,a chiral chain semiconductor with a narrow bandgap and exceptional strain sensitivity,emerges as a pivotal material for tailoring electronic and optoelectronic properties via strain engineering.This study el...Tellurene,a chiral chain semiconductor with a narrow bandgap and exceptional strain sensitivity,emerges as a pivotal material for tailoring electronic and optoelectronic properties via strain engineering.This study elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of ultrafast laser shock imprinting(LSI)in two-dimensional tellurium(Te),establishing a direct relationship between strain field orientation,mold topology,and anisotropic structural evolution.This is the first demonstration of ultrafast LSI on chiral chain Te unveiling orientation-sensitive dislocation networks.By applying controlled strain fields parallel or transverse to Te’s helical chains,we uncover two distinct deformation regimes.Strain aligned parallel to the chain’s direction induces gliding and rotation governed by weak interchain interactions,preserving covalent intrachain bonds and vibrational modes.In contrast,transverse strain drives shear-mediated multimodal deformations—tensile stretching,compression,and bending—resulting in significant lattice distortions and electronic property modulation.We discovered the critical role of mold topology on deformation:sharp-edged gratings generate localized shear forces surpassing those from homogeneous strain fields via smooth CD molds,triggering dislocation tangle formation,lattice reorientation,and inhomogeneous plastic deformation.Asymmetrical strain configurations enable localized structural transformations while retaining single-crystal integrity in adjacent regions—a balance essential for functional device integration.These insights position LSI as a precision tool for nanoscale strain engineering,capable of sculpting 2D material morphologies without compromising crystallinity.By bridging ultrafast mechanics with chiral chain material science,this work advances the design of strain-tunable devices for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics,while establishing a universal framework for manipulating anisotropic 2D systems under extreme strain rates.This work discovered crystallographic orientation-dependent deformation mechanisms in 2D Te,linking parallel strain to chain gliding and transverse strain to shear-driven multimodal distortion.It demonstrates mold geometry as a critical lever for strain localization and dislocation dynamics,with sharp-edged gratings enabling unprecedented control over lattice reorientation.Crucially,the identification of strain field conditions that reconcile severe plastic deformation with single-crystal retention offers a pathway to functional nanostructure fabrication,redefining LSI’s potential in ultrafast strain engineering of chiral chain materials.展开更多
An iron（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [Fe（Haip）2（H2O）2]n （1, Haip = 5-ammoniumiso- phthalato）, has been hydro/solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, i...An iron（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [Fe（Haip）2（H2O）2]n （1, Haip = 5-ammoniumiso- phthalato）, has been hydro/solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectrum and magnetic measurement. Compound 1 crystalizes in monoclinic, space group P2/c with a = 6.9874（14）, b = 9.960（2）, c = 12.894（4） A, β = 117.47（2）°, Fe（C8H6NO4）2（H2O）2, Mr = 452.16, V= 796.2（3） A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.886 g.cm-3, p = 1.017 mm-1, F（000） = 464.0, 2.71〈0〈28.42°, R = 0.0307, wR = 0.0840 and S = 1.005. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 features an infinite one-dimensional loop-like chain structure and Haip ligand in 1 is of zwitterionic form. Magnetic measurement results show the dominated ferromagnetic interactions among Fe11 atoms.展开更多
A non-traveling wave solution of a generalized Vakhnenko equation arising from the high-frequent wave motion in a relaxing medium is derived via the extended Riccati mapping method.The solution includes an arbitrary f...A non-traveling wave solution of a generalized Vakhnenko equation arising from the high-frequent wave motion in a relaxing medium is derived via the extended Riccati mapping method.The solution includes an arbitrary function of an independent variable.Based on the solution,two hyperbolic functions are chosen to construct new solitons.Novel single-loop-like and double-loop-like solitons are found for the equation.展开更多
The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver ...The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.展开更多
Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of com...Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.展开更多
Control Flow Graphs(CFGs)are essential for understanding the execution and data flow within software,serving as foundational structures in program analysis.Traditional CFG construction methods,such as bytecode analysi...Control Flow Graphs(CFGs)are essential for understanding the execution and data flow within software,serving as foundational structures in program analysis.Traditional CFG construction methods,such as bytecode analysis and Abstract Syntax Trees(ASTs),often face challenges due to the complex syntax of programming languages like Java and Python.This paper introduces a novel approach that leverages Large Language Models(LLMs)to generate CFGs through a methodical Chain of Thought(CoT)process.By employing CoT,the proposed approach systematically interprets code semantics directly from natural language,enhancing the adaptability across various programming languages and simplifying the CFG construction process.By implementing a modular AI chain strategy that adheres to the single responsibility principle,our approach breaks down CFG generation into distinct,manageable steps handled by separate AI and non-AI units,which can significantly improve the precision and coverage of CFG nodes and edges.The experiments with 245 Java and 281 Python code snippets from Stack Overflow demonstrate that our method achieves efficient performance on different programming languages and exhibits strong robustness.展开更多
Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researchin...Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researching geohazard,from regional to individual scale.The methodology includes the establishment of geological chain inventories,discrimination of geohazard chain modes,analyses of dynamics and dam breaches,and risk assessments.The following results were obtained:(1)In the downstream of Yarlung Zangbo River,175 sites were identified as high-risk for river blockage disasters,indicating the development of watershed geohazards.Five geohazard chain modes were summarized by incorporating geomorphological characteristics,historical events,landslide zoning,and materials.The risk areas of typical hazard were identified and assessed using InSAR data.(2)Glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are significantly different from traditional landslides.A detailed inversion analysis was conducted on the massive rock-ice avalanche in the Sedongpu gully in 2021.This particular event lasted roughly 300 seconds,with a maximum flow velocity of 77.2 m/s and a maximum flow height of 93 meters.By scrutinizing the dynamic processes and mechanical characteristics,mobility stages and phase transitions can be divided into four stages.(3)Watershed geohazard chains tend to block rivers.The peak breach discharge of the Yigong Landslide reached 12.4×10^(4) m^(3)/s,which is 36 times the volume of the seasonal flood discharge in the Yigong River.Megafloods caused by landslide dam breaches have significantly shaped the geomorphology.This study offers insights into disaster patterns and the multistaged movement characteristics of glacier-related watershed geohazard chains,providing a comprehensive method for investigations and assessments in glacial regions.展开更多
To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply rel...To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.展开更多
In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for conso...In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this paper.XG-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for nodes.The XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping model.Among them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus results.In order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT communication.Finally,we evaluate the performance of XG-PBFT.The experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of nodes.The results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.展开更多
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the gl...The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.展开更多
The rapid advancement of radar and 5 G communication technologies has created an urgent need for materials that possess both low dielectric constants and superior mechanical strength to ensure efficient signal transmi...The rapid advancement of radar and 5 G communication technologies has created an urgent need for materials that possess both low dielectric constants and superior mechanical strength to ensure efficient signal transmission and minimal loss.Herein,a synergistic effect of multiple regulation strategies from the atomic scales to the molecular scales was proposed to develop Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)modified cyanate ester resins(COF-mCE).The strategy has proven highly effective in enhancing both dielectric and mechanical properties.With only 3 wt%COFs,the dielectric constant of COF-mCE is reduced from 3.32 to 2.84 at 1 MHz.Meanwhile,the mechanical performance of COF-mCE composites exhibits substantial improvements,with flexural strength increasing by 42.6% and tensile strength by 52.1% compared to pure mCE.The investigation explores that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions restrain the polarization feature and the mechanical property improvements of the COF-mCE derived from the entanglement effect of COF-polymer chains.Furthermore,the 3D-printed COF-mCE honeycomb structure demonstrates excellent electromagnetic wave transmittance and low reflectance,achieving a transmittance of 94.1% at 10 GHz with a 60°incidence angle.This multi-scale design strategy offers new insights into the development of low-k dielectric material for next-generation electronic science applications.展开更多
A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses the...A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity.mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain dispersion.Integrating this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 cycles.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen reactions.Ex situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability tests.The present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.展开更多
A glacier hazard chain can form a long-runout mass flow and generate a large flood,affecting downstream areas hundreds of kilometers away from the initiating hazard site.This study focuses on the Yarlung Zangbo Daxiag...A glacier hazard chain can form a long-runout mass flow and generate a large flood,affecting downstream areas hundreds of kilometers away from the initiating hazard site.This study focuses on the Yarlung Zangbo Daxiagu.The objective is to address two key unresolved issues:the evolution of detached glacier materials into debris flows or debris floods and the amplification of the impact range and threats.A comprehensive framework is developed that considers the impacts of near-field and far-field hazards.Numerical modeling,remote sensing,and field investigations were integrated to understand the interactions,transformations,and amplifications of hazards in the glacier hazard chain.The results indicate that extensive,nearly saturated sediments on the glacier valley floor,when entrained,amplify the magnitude of the mass flow.The topography plays a crucial role.When the valley outlet is perpendicular to the river course,topographic obstacles cause immediate halting,resulting in the formation of high barrier dams.Conversely,when the glacier valley aligns nearly parallel to the river course,the mass flow can travel a much longer distance upon entering the river,causing an enlarged affected area.The barrier dams can breach rapidly,causing breaching floods that amplify the downstream impact from several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers.Our analysis reveals that the overall impacts remain spatially limited.Specifically,downstream areas along the Yarlung Zangbo-Brahmaputra River are unlikely to face greater threats from the upstream floods than local monsoon floods.Our findings provide the foundation for the management of glacier hazard chains.展开更多
The philosophical concept of one bond connecting the world is an established scientific and economic phenomenon today.The global industrial and supply chains are symbols of that universal link of fraternity,cooperatio...The philosophical concept of one bond connecting the world is an established scientific and economic phenomenon today.The global industrial and supply chains are symbols of that universal link of fraternity,cooperation and globalization.Despite a few major economies still trying to push forward a decoupling agenda and favoring a“small yard,high fence”strategy,globalization and cooperation remain a global trend.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金financially supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC2403107)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.2024JH3/10200046)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJ212410163015)。
文摘Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.
文摘Purpose-This study explores how managerial leadership and organizational innovation interact to enhance resilience and risk management in railway supply chains and how these capabilities contribute to sustained competitive advantage.It emphasizes the strategic importance of resilience in railway systems that face operational complexity,regulatory pressures and increasing exposure to systemic risks.Design/methodology/approach-A mixed-methods design was employed,integrating survey data from 186 railway organizations with six case studies involving railway operators,rolling stock manufacturers and supply chain partners across multiple regions.Constructs were measured using validated scales and hypothesized relationships were tested using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM).Case study interviews were analyzed thematically to provide contextual understanding of leadership practices and innovation strategies.Findings-The results confirm that transformational managerial leadership significantly predicts innovation adoption,which in turn strengthens resilience and risk management capabilities.Resilience emerged as a powerful driver of competitive advantage,reinforcing its role as a strategic capability rather than a reactive response to disruptions.Furthermore,innovation was shown to partially mediate the relationship between leadership and resilience,highlighting its function as the operational channel through which vision translates into capability.Originality/value-This study contributes to the literature by integrating the Resource-Based View(RBV)and Dynamic Capabilities(DC)framework into the context of railway supply chains.It is among the first to empirically validate the mediating role of innovation between leadership and resilience,offering both theoretical advancements and actionable strategies for building resilient and competitive railway systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Nos.52378543,52378544 and 52408525the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Grant No.LH2024E119。
文摘On December 18,2023,a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Gansu Province,triggering a liquefaction-induced flow slide along the loess-mudstone contact zone and causing significant casualties and property losses.The event featured low-slope,large-scale,runout distance sliding and exhibited a clear cascading disaster chain.Its characteristics closely resemble the catastrophic mudflow at the nearby Lajia Ruins approximately 4,000 years ago.Using high-resolution oblique photogrammetry,cone penetration testing,surface wave analysis,and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio methods,this study examines the stratigraphy,groundwater conditions,and geomechanical properties of the affected zone.Results indicate that saturated loess overlying impermeable mudstone formed a high-moisture mass vulnerable to seismic disturbance.Seismic resonance triggered the liquefaction of weakly structured loess,which slide along the contact interface and evolved into a runout distance mudflow.Underground water and terrain modification created a composite weak zone of saturated loess and softened mudstone,which intensified the disaster chain-from earthquake to liquefaction,flow slide,and mudflow.This study contributes to the understanding of deep-seated liquefaction-flow slide disasters,thereby advancing more effective risk mitigation strategies in the Loess Plateau and comparable loess-covered seismic regions.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20112)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government,China(Grant Nos.T22-606/23-R and 16206923).
文摘Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard types,ice-water phase change,and enhanced mobility of the mass flow.Scientifically simulating these physical phenomena proves challenging.This study introduces GMFA(glacier mass flow analysis),an integrated numerical model that advances the field by:(1)proposing depth-averaged fluctuation energy and internal energy equations,(2)incorporating the ice-water phase change and the entrainment-deposition process,and(3)capturing their effects on mass flow runout characteristics.The model employs the finite volume method to solve the multi-physics coupled governing equations,enabling efficient large-scale simulations.The model is verified through three numerical tests covering flow dynamics,temperature evolution,and thermo-hydro-mechanical runout processes.The model is applied to analyze a hazard chain that occurred on 10 September 2020 on the Tibetan Plateau.The multi-scenario simulation results indicate an entrained mass volume of(4.95±0.11)×10^(5)m^(3),and a ratio of entrained mass volume to source material volume of 0.44.The solid concentration decreases from 0.6-0.7 to 0.1-0.15 with increasing runout distance,indicating a transition from avalanche to debris flood.The internal energy rises by(3-4)×10^(3)kJ/m^(3),driving rapid ice melting from 0.1 to 0.2 to near-zero concentration.The model effectively quantifies volume amplification,ice-water phase changes,and multi-hazard transformations.This model pushes the geoscience frontier,extending computational capability from single-to multi-hazard simulations and providing a powerful tool for analyzing glacier cascading hazards.
基金Under the auspices of the Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research,Ministry of Education of China(No.23JZD008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171193)+2 种基金Key Project of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning(No.GD24ES013,GD25ZX04)2025 Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Special Project(No.2025A04J7127)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.24wkjc11)。
文摘The shift toward specialized and large-scale agricultural production has spurred the emergence of agricultural clusters as key forces of rural vitalization and sustainable development.This paper explored the formation and evolution of Meizhou pomelo industry cluster in China,focusing on its role in restructuring rural socio-economic systems and integrating the whole value chains.Based on a case study employing qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews and participatory observation,the agricultural cluster evolution of Meizhou pomelo was categorized into three key phases of initial decentralization,self-organized scaling,and reorganized clustering.Geographical proximity and industrial agglomeration constitute the physical foundation,while vertical/horizontal linkages,technologic-al innovation,and policy support enhance competitiveness.Special mechanisms emerge through localized social networks,farmer co-operatives’activation,and cross-regional market expansion.The cluster’s impact is manifested in the shift from extensive to standard-ized and modernized production,diversified and flexible livelihood of farmers,and the integration of agriculture with industry and ser-vices.The development of the whole value chain based on agricultural cluster represents a critical pathway for achieving agricultural modernization,encompassing both internal and external value chain optimization.Through quality assurance systems,product diversi-fication strategies,operational efficiency improvements,and brand enhancement,these clusters amplify product value propositions and market competitiveness.This systemic approach facilitates supply-demand coordination,enables resource synergies,and optimizes eco-nomic returns across the horizontal and vertical value chain.This paper argues that agricultural clusters serve as strategic catalysts for sustainable rural development by reconstructing local production systems,fostering innovation ecosystems,and aligning agricultural modernization.It contributes to debates on rural vitalization by demonstrating how agricultural clustering can reconfigure rural areas as hubs of ecological modernization,rather than mere urban peripheries.
基金financial support from NSF ExpandQISE program.The synthesis of tellurene was supported by NSF under grant no.CMMI-2046936supports from Purdue Research Foundation.
文摘Tellurene,a chiral chain semiconductor with a narrow bandgap and exceptional strain sensitivity,emerges as a pivotal material for tailoring electronic and optoelectronic properties via strain engineering.This study elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of ultrafast laser shock imprinting(LSI)in two-dimensional tellurium(Te),establishing a direct relationship between strain field orientation,mold topology,and anisotropic structural evolution.This is the first demonstration of ultrafast LSI on chiral chain Te unveiling orientation-sensitive dislocation networks.By applying controlled strain fields parallel or transverse to Te’s helical chains,we uncover two distinct deformation regimes.Strain aligned parallel to the chain’s direction induces gliding and rotation governed by weak interchain interactions,preserving covalent intrachain bonds and vibrational modes.In contrast,transverse strain drives shear-mediated multimodal deformations—tensile stretching,compression,and bending—resulting in significant lattice distortions and electronic property modulation.We discovered the critical role of mold topology on deformation:sharp-edged gratings generate localized shear forces surpassing those from homogeneous strain fields via smooth CD molds,triggering dislocation tangle formation,lattice reorientation,and inhomogeneous plastic deformation.Asymmetrical strain configurations enable localized structural transformations while retaining single-crystal integrity in adjacent regions—a balance essential for functional device integration.These insights position LSI as a precision tool for nanoscale strain engineering,capable of sculpting 2D material morphologies without compromising crystallinity.By bridging ultrafast mechanics with chiral chain material science,this work advances the design of strain-tunable devices for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics,while establishing a universal framework for manipulating anisotropic 2D systems under extreme strain rates.This work discovered crystallographic orientation-dependent deformation mechanisms in 2D Te,linking parallel strain to chain gliding and transverse strain to shear-driven multimodal distortion.It demonstrates mold geometry as a critical lever for strain localization and dislocation dynamics,with sharp-edged gratings enabling unprecedented control over lattice reorientation.Crucially,the identification of strain field conditions that reconcile severe plastic deformation with single-crystal retention offers a pathway to functional nanostructure fabrication,redefining LSI’s potential in ultrafast strain engineering of chiral chain materials.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Shangrao Normal Universitythe Fourth Characteristic Specialty Foundation of University from Ministry of Education(TS11524)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20122BAB203002)
文摘An iron（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [Fe（Haip）2（H2O）2]n （1, Haip = 5-ammoniumiso- phthalato）, has been hydro/solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectrum and magnetic measurement. Compound 1 crystalizes in monoclinic, space group P2/c with a = 6.9874（14）, b = 9.960（2）, c = 12.894（4） A, β = 117.47（2）°, Fe（C8H6NO4）2（H2O）2, Mr = 452.16, V= 796.2（3） A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.886 g.cm-3, p = 1.017 mm-1, F（000） = 464.0, 2.71〈0〈28.42°, R = 0.0307, wR = 0.0840 and S = 1.005. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 features an infinite one-dimensional loop-like chain structure and Haip ligand in 1 is of zwitterionic form. Magnetic measurement results show the dominated ferromagnetic interactions among Fe11 atoms.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,China (Grant No. KM201010011001),PHR(Grant No. 201106206)the Funding Project for Innovation on Science,Technology and Graduate Education in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality,China (Grant Nos. 201098,PXM2012 014213 000087,PXM2012 014213 000037,and PXM2012 014213 000079)
文摘A non-traveling wave solution of a generalized Vakhnenko equation arising from the high-frequent wave motion in a relaxing medium is derived via the extended Riccati mapping method.The solution includes an arbitrary function of an independent variable.Based on the solution,two hyperbolic functions are chosen to construct new solitons.Novel single-loop-like and double-loop-like solitons are found for the equation.
文摘The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.
文摘Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62462036,62262031)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20242BAB26017,20232BAB202010)+1 种基金Distinguished Youth Fund Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB23011)the Jiangxi Province Graduate Innovation Found Project(YJS2023032)。
文摘Control Flow Graphs(CFGs)are essential for understanding the execution and data flow within software,serving as foundational structures in program analysis.Traditional CFG construction methods,such as bytecode analysis and Abstract Syntax Trees(ASTs),often face challenges due to the complex syntax of programming languages like Java and Python.This paper introduces a novel approach that leverages Large Language Models(LLMs)to generate CFGs through a methodical Chain of Thought(CoT)process.By employing CoT,the proposed approach systematically interprets code semantics directly from natural language,enhancing the adaptability across various programming languages and simplifying the CFG construction process.By implementing a modular AI chain strategy that adheres to the single responsibility principle,our approach breaks down CFG generation into distinct,manageable steps handled by separate AI and non-AI units,which can significantly improve the precision and coverage of CFG nodes and edges.The experiments with 245 Java and 281 Python code snippets from Stack Overflow demonstrate that our method achieves efficient performance on different programming languages and exhibits strong robustness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2244227,U2244226,42177172)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3004301)China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20230538)。
文摘Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researching geohazard,from regional to individual scale.The methodology includes the establishment of geological chain inventories,discrimination of geohazard chain modes,analyses of dynamics and dam breaches,and risk assessments.The following results were obtained:(1)In the downstream of Yarlung Zangbo River,175 sites were identified as high-risk for river blockage disasters,indicating the development of watershed geohazards.Five geohazard chain modes were summarized by incorporating geomorphological characteristics,historical events,landslide zoning,and materials.The risk areas of typical hazard were identified and assessed using InSAR data.(2)Glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are significantly different from traditional landslides.A detailed inversion analysis was conducted on the massive rock-ice avalanche in the Sedongpu gully in 2021.This particular event lasted roughly 300 seconds,with a maximum flow velocity of 77.2 m/s and a maximum flow height of 93 meters.By scrutinizing the dynamic processes and mechanical characteristics,mobility stages and phase transitions can be divided into four stages.(3)Watershed geohazard chains tend to block rivers.The peak breach discharge of the Yigong Landslide reached 12.4×10^(4) m^(3)/s,which is 36 times the volume of the seasonal flood discharge in the Yigong River.Megafloods caused by landslide dam breaches have significantly shaped the geomorphology.This study offers insights into disaster patterns and the multistaged movement characteristics of glacier-related watershed geohazard chains,providing a comprehensive method for investigations and assessments in glacial regions.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Grant Nos.2024NSFSC0515,2024ZHCG0182 and MZGC20230013.
文摘To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.
文摘In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this paper.XG-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for nodes.The XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping model.Among them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus results.In order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT communication.Finally,we evaluate the performance of XG-PBFT.The experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of nodes.The results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.
基金supported by the Major Subject of the National Social Science Foundation of China(21&ZD093)the Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16100520240017)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASCSAERD-202402,10-IAED-04-2024)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08).
文摘The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024ZDZX0036)the National Ten Thousand Talent Plans for Young Top-notch Talents,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021001).
文摘The rapid advancement of radar and 5 G communication technologies has created an urgent need for materials that possess both low dielectric constants and superior mechanical strength to ensure efficient signal transmission and minimal loss.Herein,a synergistic effect of multiple regulation strategies from the atomic scales to the molecular scales was proposed to develop Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)modified cyanate ester resins(COF-mCE).The strategy has proven highly effective in enhancing both dielectric and mechanical properties.With only 3 wt%COFs,the dielectric constant of COF-mCE is reduced from 3.32 to 2.84 at 1 MHz.Meanwhile,the mechanical performance of COF-mCE composites exhibits substantial improvements,with flexural strength increasing by 42.6% and tensile strength by 52.1% compared to pure mCE.The investigation explores that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions restrain the polarization feature and the mechanical property improvements of the COF-mCE derived from the entanglement effect of COF-polymer chains.Furthermore,the 3D-printed COF-mCE honeycomb structure demonstrates excellent electromagnetic wave transmittance and low reflectance,achieving a transmittance of 94.1% at 10 GHz with a 60°incidence angle.This multi-scale design strategy offers new insights into the development of low-k dielectric material for next-generation electronic science applications.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(2021R1A2C1014294,2022R1A2C3003319)the BK21 FOUR(Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research)through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea.
文摘A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity.mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain dispersion.Integrating this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 cycles.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen reactions.Ex situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability tests.The present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20112,42061160480,42377196,and 52479095)the NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme(42061160480 and N_HKUST620/20)+1 种基金the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government(16203720,T22-606/23-R,and JRFS25266S09)the Project of Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone(HZQB-KCZYB-2020083)。
文摘A glacier hazard chain can form a long-runout mass flow and generate a large flood,affecting downstream areas hundreds of kilometers away from the initiating hazard site.This study focuses on the Yarlung Zangbo Daxiagu.The objective is to address two key unresolved issues:the evolution of detached glacier materials into debris flows or debris floods and the amplification of the impact range and threats.A comprehensive framework is developed that considers the impacts of near-field and far-field hazards.Numerical modeling,remote sensing,and field investigations were integrated to understand the interactions,transformations,and amplifications of hazards in the glacier hazard chain.The results indicate that extensive,nearly saturated sediments on the glacier valley floor,when entrained,amplify the magnitude of the mass flow.The topography plays a crucial role.When the valley outlet is perpendicular to the river course,topographic obstacles cause immediate halting,resulting in the formation of high barrier dams.Conversely,when the glacier valley aligns nearly parallel to the river course,the mass flow can travel a much longer distance upon entering the river,causing an enlarged affected area.The barrier dams can breach rapidly,causing breaching floods that amplify the downstream impact from several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers.Our analysis reveals that the overall impacts remain spatially limited.Specifically,downstream areas along the Yarlung Zangbo-Brahmaputra River are unlikely to face greater threats from the upstream floods than local monsoon floods.Our findings provide the foundation for the management of glacier hazard chains.
文摘The philosophical concept of one bond connecting the world is an established scientific and economic phenomenon today.The global industrial and supply chains are symbols of that universal link of fraternity,cooperation and globalization.Despite a few major economies still trying to push forward a decoupling agenda and favoring a“small yard,high fence”strategy,globalization and cooperation remain a global trend.
