Smart actuators and wearable and implantable devices have attracted much attention in healthcare and environmental sensing.Flexible electronic and ionic materials are the two main approaches used to construct these de...Smart actuators and wearable and implantable devices have attracted much attention in healthcare and environmental sensing.Flexible electronic and ionic materials are the two main approaches used to construct these devices.Among them,hydrogel-based ionic materials offer unique advantages,such as biocompatibility and adaptable mechanical properties.However,ionic hydrogels encounter challenges in achieving wirelessly powered and noncontact sensing.To address this,we introduce MXene nanosheets to construct ionotronic hydrogels.Leveraging the rich surface charges and electronic conductivity of MXene nanosheets,ionotronic hydrogels can harvest vibrational and electromagnetic waves as electrical energy and enable noncontact sensing.Under ultrasound,it can continuously generate voltages up to 85 V and light up lightemitting diodes,promising wireless charging of implanted devices.In addition,it achieves an absorption coefficient of 0.2 for 915 MHz electromagnetic waves,enabling noncontact sensing through radio frequency identification.Notably,the physically crosslinked network of the MXenebased hydrogels maintained structural and performance stability under ultrasonic stimulation and exhibited self-healing properties.Even when cut into two halves,the self-healing hydrogel fully regenerates its original performance.This study provides insight into the development of ionotronic hydrogels for wirelessly powered and noncontact sensing in smart actuators and wearable and implantable applications.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary With the rapid growth of soft electronic and ionotronic devices such as artificial tissues,soft luminescent devices,soft robotics,and human-machine interfaces,there is a demanding need to acceler...Comprehensive Summary With the rapid growth of soft electronic and ionotronic devices such as artificial tissues,soft luminescent devices,soft robotics,and human-machine interfaces,there is a demanding need to accelerate the development of soft ionic conductive materials.To date,the first-generation ionotronic devices are mainly based on hydrogels or ionogels.However,due to their intrinsic drawbacks,such as freezing or volatilization at extreme temperatures,and the leakage problem under external mechanical forces,the reliability of ionotronic devices under harsh conditions remains a great challenge.The advent of liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers(ICEs)has the potentials to solve the issues related to the gel-type soft conductive materials.The free ions shuttling within the ion-dissolvable polymer network enable liquid-free ICEs to exhibit unparalleled ionic conductivity and elasticity.Moreover,by tuning the composition and structure of the polymeric network,it is also feasible to integrate other desirable properties,such as self-healing ability,transparency,biocompatibility,and stimulus responsiveness,into liquid-free ICE materials.In this review,we summarize the design strategies of recently reported liquid-free ICEs,and further explore the methods to introduce multifunctionality,which originate from the rational molecular design and/or the synergy with other materials.Moreover,we highlight the representative applications of liquid-free ICEs in soft ionotronics.It is believed that liquid-free ICEs might provide a unique material platform for the next-generation ionotronics.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305033 received by Z.Y.L.,No.52161135102 received by P.Y.W.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232024A-05 received by Z.Y.L.)。
文摘Smart actuators and wearable and implantable devices have attracted much attention in healthcare and environmental sensing.Flexible electronic and ionic materials are the two main approaches used to construct these devices.Among them,hydrogel-based ionic materials offer unique advantages,such as biocompatibility and adaptable mechanical properties.However,ionic hydrogels encounter challenges in achieving wirelessly powered and noncontact sensing.To address this,we introduce MXene nanosheets to construct ionotronic hydrogels.Leveraging the rich surface charges and electronic conductivity of MXene nanosheets,ionotronic hydrogels can harvest vibrational and electromagnetic waves as electrical energy and enable noncontact sensing.Under ultrasound,it can continuously generate voltages up to 85 V and light up lightemitting diodes,promising wireless charging of implanted devices.In addition,it achieves an absorption coefficient of 0.2 for 915 MHz electromagnetic waves,enabling noncontact sensing through radio frequency identification.Notably,the physically crosslinked network of the MXenebased hydrogels maintained structural and performance stability under ultrasonic stimulation and exhibited self-healing properties.Even when cut into two halves,the self-healing hydrogel fully regenerates its original performance.This study provides insight into the development of ionotronic hydrogels for wirelessly powered and noncontact sensing in smart actuators and wearable and implantable applications.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91856128 and U1832220)the Pearl River Talents Scheme(2016ZT06C322)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices(2019B121203003)the R&D Program of Guangzhou(202102020576)was acknowledged.References。
文摘Comprehensive Summary With the rapid growth of soft electronic and ionotronic devices such as artificial tissues,soft luminescent devices,soft robotics,and human-machine interfaces,there is a demanding need to accelerate the development of soft ionic conductive materials.To date,the first-generation ionotronic devices are mainly based on hydrogels or ionogels.However,due to their intrinsic drawbacks,such as freezing or volatilization at extreme temperatures,and the leakage problem under external mechanical forces,the reliability of ionotronic devices under harsh conditions remains a great challenge.The advent of liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers(ICEs)has the potentials to solve the issues related to the gel-type soft conductive materials.The free ions shuttling within the ion-dissolvable polymer network enable liquid-free ICEs to exhibit unparalleled ionic conductivity and elasticity.Moreover,by tuning the composition and structure of the polymeric network,it is also feasible to integrate other desirable properties,such as self-healing ability,transparency,biocompatibility,and stimulus responsiveness,into liquid-free ICE materials.In this review,we summarize the design strategies of recently reported liquid-free ICEs,and further explore the methods to introduce multifunctionality,which originate from the rational molecular design and/or the synergy with other materials.Moreover,we highlight the representative applications of liquid-free ICEs in soft ionotronics.It is believed that liquid-free ICEs might provide a unique material platform for the next-generation ionotronics.
