We investigate numerically the effects of long-range temporal and spatial correlations based on the rescaled distributions of the squared interface width W^(2)(L, t) and the interface height h(x, t)in the(1+1)-dimensi...We investigate numerically the effects of long-range temporal and spatial correlations based on the rescaled distributions of the squared interface width W^(2)(L, t) and the interface height h(x, t)in the(1+1)-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang(KPZ) growth system within the early growth regime. Through extensive numerical simulations, we find that long-range temporally correlated noise does not significantly impact the distribution form of the interface width. Generally,W^(2)(L, t) approximately obeys a lognormal distribution when the temporal correlation exponentθ ≥0. On the other hand, the effects of long-range spatially correlated noise are evidently different from the temporally correlated case. Our results show that, when the spatial correlation exponent ρ ≤ 0.20, the distribution forms of W^(2)(L, t) approach the lognormal distribution, and when ρ > 0.20, the distribution becomes more asymmetric, steep, and fat-tailed, and tends to an unknown distribution form. As a comparison, probability distributions of the interface height are also provided in the temporally and spatially correlated KPZ system, exhibiting quite different characteristics from each other within the whole correlated strengths. For the temporal correlation, the height distributions follow Tracy-Widom Gaussian orthogonal ensemble(TW-GOE) when θ → 0, and with increasing θ, the height distributions crossover continuously to an unknown distribution. However, for the spatial correlation, the height distributions gradually transition from the TW-GOE distribution to the standard Gaussian form.展开更多
Like-charge pairing is a physical manifestation of the unique solvation properties of certain ion pairs in water.Water's high dielectric constant and related charge screening capability significantly influence the...Like-charge pairing is a physical manifestation of the unique solvation properties of certain ion pairs in water.Water's high dielectric constant and related charge screening capability significantly influence the interaction between like-charged ions,with the possibility to transform it-in exceptional cases when noncovalent interactions are involved-from repulsion to attraction.Guanidinium cations(Gdm^(+))represent a quintessential example of such like-charge pairing due to their specific geometry and electronic structure.In this work,we present experimental validation and quantification of Gdm^(+)-Gdm contact ion pairing in water utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy complemented by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The observed Gdm^(+)-Gdm^(+)interaction is attractive albeit weak-about 0.5 kJ·mol^(-1)-which aligns with theoretical estimation from MD simulations.We contrast the behavior of Gdm^(+) with that of NH_(4)^(+) cations,which exhibit no contact ion pairing in water.DFT calculations predict that the NMR chemical shift of Gdm^(+) dimers is different than that of monomers,in agreement with NMR titration curves that display a nonlinear Langmuir-like behavior.Additionally,we conducted cryo-electron microscopy-to our knowledge,for the first time-on concentrated oligoarginines R9,which,unlike nona-lysines K9,exhibit aggregation in water.These results point to like charge pairing of the guanidinium side chain groups,as corroborated also by MD simulations and free energy calculations.展开更多
In the field of intelligent air combat,real-time and accurate recognition of within-visual-range(WVR)maneuver actions serves as the foundational cornerstone for constructing autonomous decision-making systems.However,...In the field of intelligent air combat,real-time and accurate recognition of within-visual-range(WVR)maneuver actions serves as the foundational cornerstone for constructing autonomous decision-making systems.However,existing methods face two major challenges:traditional feature engineering suffers from insufficient effective dimensionality in the feature space due to kinematic coupling,making it difficult to distinguish essential differences between maneuvers,while end-to-end deep learning models lack controllability in implicit feature learning and fail to model high-order long-range temporal dependencies.This paper proposes a trajectory feature pre-extraction method based on a Long-range Masked Autoencoder(LMAE),incorporating three key innovations:(1)Random Fragment High-ratio Masking(RFH-Mask),which enforces the model to learn long-range temporal correlations by masking 80%of trajectory data while retaining continuous fragments;(2)Kalman Filter-Guided Objective Function(KFG-OF),integrating trajectory continuity constraints to align the feature space with kinematic principles;and(3)Two-stage Decoupled Architecture,enabling efficient and controllable feature learning through unsupervised pre-training and frozen-feature transfer.Experimental results demonstrate that LMAE significantly improves the average recognition accuracy for 20-class maneuvers compared to traditional end-to-end models,while significantly accelerating convergence speed.The contributions of this work lie in:introducing high-masking-rate autoencoders into low-informationdensity trajectory analysis,proposing a feature engineering framework with enhanced controllability and efficiency,and providing a novel technical pathway for intelligent air combat decision-making systems.展开更多
The search for novel carbons has been an important research topic for developing high-performance anodes of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study,we fabricated a new carbon,long-range...The search for novel carbons has been an important research topic for developing high-performance anodes of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study,we fabricated a new carbon,long-range ordered porous carbon(LOPC),by inducing covalent bonds between face-centered cubic C_(60)(fcc C_(60))cages in a molecular crystal via electron injection under vacuum at~520°C.The LOPC maintains the periodic lattice of the fcc C_(60)molecular crystal but has improved structural stability and electrical conductivity because of the sp^(2)bonding formed between C_(60)molecules.Compared with fcc C_(60),which has a much greater specific surface area(327.1 m^(2)·g^(−1)),LOPC has a specific capacity of 820.9 mA·h·g^(−1)or 292.9 mA·h·g^(−1)as an anode for LIBs or SIBs,both of which are measured at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(−1).This porous yet ordered carbon may open new opportunities for anode materials in electrochemical energy storage.展开更多
Sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics pose an ongoing challenge in lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).Here,we present a solution through far-reaching long-range electronic regulation(LRER)on single-atom active sites.N-doped...Sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics pose an ongoing challenge in lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).Here,we present a solution through far-reaching long-range electronic regulation(LRER)on single-atom active sites.N-doped carbons(Co-NC)are implanted with densely-distributed Co single atoms,and supported on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene substrates to assemble 3D Co-NC/MXene catalyst.MXene effectively mediates interlayer charge transfer(~0.70|e|)contrasted with popular carbon materials(~0.06|e|)to produce LRER through surrounding carbon atoms.The synergy of LRER with near-range electronic regulation(NRER)tunes electronic structures,and enhances heterostructural stability,thus provoking desirous catalytic kinetics of Co single atoms in sulfur reduction.Thereby,the Co-NC/MXene/S cathodes exhibit impressive rate performance and excellent cycling stability(only 0.015%capacity decay per cycle over 600 cycles at 4 C)in LSBs,surpassing state-of-the-art sulfur cathodes.This work reveals the importance of LRER for improved catalysis,and provides new guidance to tailor heterostructures to achieve high-efficient catalysts in various process.展开更多
Catalysts with asymmetric coordination exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity due to changes in the active sites,which affect the arrangement of reactants and catalytic activity/selectivity.Hence,the exploration ...Catalysts with asymmetric coordination exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity due to changes in the active sites,which affect the arrangement of reactants and catalytic activity/selectivity.Hence,the exploration of the inherent characteristics of active sites within diverse coordination environments holds great significance for the experimental design of catalytic structures.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)characterized by high coordination with four carbons(26 candidates)and low coordination with dinitrogen(27candidates)are constructed using nitrogen-doped graphdiyne derivatives(NGDY)as the substrate.Additionally,5 species of dual-atom catalysts(DACs)with coexistence of both high and low coordination sites are also developed and their nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)activities are systematically investigated by density functional theory.The results indicate that metals with low coordination exhibit superior catalytic performance,such as Mo^(L)-NGDY(U_(L)=-0.30 V)and Nb^(L)-NGDY(U_(L)=-0.32 V).Furthermore,machine learning(ML)methods have deeply analyzed and elucidated the primary intrinsic characteristics that influence catalytic performance.These results not only unveil the underlying mechanisms behind the exceptional catalytic performance exhibited by low-coordination metal atoms,but also provide relevant and significant descriptors.More importantly,based on an investigation of the catalytic activity of a series of DACs,the“buffer and low-coordination accumulate”asymmetric coordination mechanism is proposed to unveil the long-range interactions between low and high coordination atoms.Due to this remote communication,MoNb-NGDY(U_(L)=-0.09/-0.37 V)exhibits the best NRR activity.This mechanism provides valuable insights into the origin of long-range bipartite interactions and inspires the design and synthesis of NRR catalysts with different coordination environments.展开更多
A Hamiltonian mean-field model with long-range four-body interactions is proposed.The model describes a long-range mean-field system in which N unit-mass particles move on a unit circle.Each particleθi interacts with...A Hamiltonian mean-field model with long-range four-body interactions is proposed.The model describes a long-range mean-field system in which N unit-mass particles move on a unit circle.Each particleθi interacts with any three other particles through an infinite-range cosine potential with an attractive interaction(ε>0).By applying a method that remaps the average phase of global particle pairs onto a new unit circle,and using the saddle-point technique,the partition function is solved analytically after introducing four-body interactions,yielding expressions for the free energy f and the energy per particle U.These results were further validated through numerical simulations.The results show that the system undergoes a second-order phase transition at the critical energy Uc.Specifically,the critical energy corresponds to U_(c)=0.32 when the coupling constantε=5,and U_(c)=0.63 whenε=10.Finally,we calculated the system’s largest Lyapunov exponentλand kinetic energy fluctuationsΣthrough numerical simulations.It is found that the peak of the largest Lyapunov exponentλoccurs slightly below the critical energy Uc,which is consistent with the point of maximum kinetic energy fluctuationsΣ.And there is a scaling law ofΣ/N^(1/2)∝λbetween them.展开更多
We investigate the parity-time(PT)symmetry-breaking quantum phase transition in a one-dimensional(1D)bosonic lattice featuring cavity-mediated long-range interactions and spatially staggered dissipation.By mapping the...We investigate the parity-time(PT)symmetry-breaking quantum phase transition in a one-dimensional(1D)bosonic lattice featuring cavity-mediated long-range interactions and spatially staggered dissipation.By mapping the system to an effective spin chain under the constraints of hard-core bosons and integrating the mean-field decoupling approach with biorthogonal basis formalism,we derive a self-consistency equation.Numerical simulation results validate that the derived equation quantitatively captures thePT-symmetry order parameter’s phase diagram.Our findings reveal that coherent hopping maintainsPTsymmetry through quantum fluctuations.Conversely,cavity-engineered long-range interactions,in synergy with staggered dissipation,act in opposition to drive symmetry breaking.This competitive interplay can inspire further exploration of tunable quantum phase transitions in non-Hermitian systems.展开更多
Consecutive stresses,such as initial submergence during germination followed by water deficit during the seedling stage,pose significant challenges to direct-seeded rice cultivation.By Linkage disequilibrium analysis,...Consecutive stresses,such as initial submergence during germination followed by water deficit during the seedling stage,pose significant challenges to direct-seeded rice cultivation.By Linkage disequilibrium analysis,Sub1 and Dro1(Δbp:10 Mb),as well as Sub1 and TPP7(Δbp:6 Mb)were identified to exhibit long-range linkage disequilibrium(LRLD).Meta-QTL analysis further revealed that Sub1 and TPP7 co-segregated for tolerance to submergence at the germination and seedling stages.Based on this,we hypothesized that LRLD might influence plant responses to consecutive stresses.To test this hypothesis,we developed a structured recombinant inbred line population from a cross between Bhalum 2 and Nagina 22,with alleles(Sub1 and TPP7)in linkage equilibrium.Mendelian randomization analysis validated that the parental alleles,rather than the recombinant alleles of Sub1 and TPP7,significantly influenced 13 out of 41 traits under consecutive stress conditions.Additionally,16 minor additive effect QTLs were detected between the genomic regions,spanning Sub1 and TPP7 for various traits.A single allele difference between these genomic regions enhanced crown root number,root dry weight,and specific root area by 11.45%,15.69%,and 33.15%,respectively,under flooded germination conditions.Candidate gene analysis identified WAK79 and MRLK59 as regulators of stress responses during flooded germination,recovery,and subsequent water deficit conditions.These findings highlight the critical role of parental allele combinations and genomic regions between Sub1 and TPP7 in regulating the stress responses under consecutive stresses.Favourable haplotypes derived from these alleles can be utilized to improve stress resilience in direct-seeded rice.展开更多
The stable Bardeen-Schrieffer-Cooper(BCS)pairing state of a bosonic system has long been sought theoretically and experimentally.Here we propose that a stable BCS state of bosons can be realized in a binary Bose gas w...The stable Bardeen-Schrieffer-Cooper(BCS)pairing state of a bosonic system has long been sought theoretically and experimentally.Here we propose that a stable BCS state of bosons can be realized in a binary Bose gas with s-wave intra-species repulsion and an inter-species attraction in the mean-field-stable region.We find that above the Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC)transition temperature,there is a phase transition from the normal state to a BCS state driven by interspecies pairing.When the temperature decreases,another phase transition from the BCS state to a mixed state featuring both atomic BEC and inter-species pairing occurs.As the temperature is further lowered,the mixed state is eventually taken over by the pure BEC state.We present the phase diagram of this system and discuss its experimental implications.展开更多
The measurement of the pairing gap is crucial for investigating the physical properties of superconductors or superfluids.We propose a strategy to measure the pairing gap through the dynamical excitations.With the ran...The measurement of the pairing gap is crucial for investigating the physical properties of superconductors or superfluids.We propose a strategy to measure the pairing gap through the dynamical excitations.With the random phase approximation(RPA),we study the dynamical excitations of a two-dimensional attractive Fermi-Hubbard model by calculating its dynamical structure factor.Two distinct collective modes emerge:a Goldstone phonon mode at transferred momentum q=[0,0]and a roton mode at q=[p,p].The roton mode exhibits a sharp molecular peak in the low-energy regime.Notably,the area under the roton molecular peak scales with the square of the pairing gap,which holds even in three-dimensional and spin-orbit coupled(SOC)optical lattices.This finding suggests an experimental approach to measure the pairing gap in lattice systems by analyzing the dynamical structure factor at q=[p,p].展开更多
Recent various experiments have provided evidence supporting the emergence of loop-current order in kagome metals. Particularly superconductivity in AV_(3)Sb_(5) is significantly enhanced when this charge order is sup...Recent various experiments have provided evidence supporting the emergence of loop-current order in kagome metals. Particularly superconductivity in AV_(3)Sb_(5) is significantly enhanced when this charge order is suppressed by pressure or doping. Distinct from magnetic order, loop-current order does not couple directly to spin and thus whether such fluctuations can enhance superconductivity remains elusive. We design a sign problem-free bilayer kagome model coupled to quantum Ising spins through bond currents and perform determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations to explore single-particle properties and superconductivity arising from 2 × 2 loopcurrent fluctuations. We find that this loop-current order induces intriguing band folding, band broadening,and gap opening around saddle points. Remarkably, our pairing susceptibility analysis identifies a dominant enhancement of superconductivity due to loop-current fluctuations, with the dominant pairing being the chiral d-wave channel. This pairing primarily occurs within the intra-sublattice channel and involves third nearestneighbor sites, attributed to the unique sublattice texture associated with van Hove singularities. We also discuss potential experimental implications for kagome superconductors.展开更多
The infection of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the fever and respiratory symptoms in the process of coronavirus infections, gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea, are prominen...The infection of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the fever and respiratory symptoms in the process of coronavirus infections, gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea, are prominent features of its acute infection and long COVID. The associations between the lung and large intestine have been demonstrated by Western medicine in aspects such as tissue origin, microflora homeostasis, mucosal immunity, renin-angiotensin system(RAS) and autonomic nervous system as well, which are considered as the evidence of material basis and potential regulatory mechanisms for “gutlung crosstalk(肺肠串扰)” in COVID-19. We have noticed that probiotics and other preparations can regulate the intestines, and further treat COVID-19 with effective and gratifying results. In the system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), there's a term of “exterior-interior pairing of the lung and large intestine(肺与大肠相表里)”, showing an interconnection of the lung and the bowels. “Exterior-interior pairing of the lung and large intestine” is an important part of the theory of visceral activities proposed by ancient physicians through a long-term observation and practice. It's considered that “lung” and “large intestine” are interconnected and mutually exterior-interior in the normal physical activities and the disease development, providing a theoretical basis for treating lung diseases and bowel diseases from the perspective of overall concept. The study aims to compare the term of “exterior-interior pairing of the lung and large intestine” in TCM and “gut-lung crosstalk” in Western medicine regarding the development of COVID-19 and its intestinal symptoms, and provide more ideas for diagnosing and treating lung and bowel related diseases.展开更多
Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy ...Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy is proposed to construct adjacent Nb-Nb diatomic pairs with Se/O-coordination(Se4-Nb2-O2)in N-doped carbon-confined amorphous selenide clusters(a-Nb-Se/O@NC).Synergistic carbon confinement and hydrothermal oxygenation induce amorphization of Nb–Se bonds,eliminating crystalline rigidity while creating isotropic dual-ion transport channels and high-density active sites enriched with dangling bonds,thereby enhancing structural integrity and Na+storage capacity.The unique Se/O-coordinated Nb-Nb diatomic configuration establishes an electron-delocalized system,where the low electronegativity of Se counterbalances electron withdrawal from coordinated O at Nb centers.These strengthen d-p orbital hybridization,reduce Na+adsorption energy,and optimize charge transfer pathways and reaction kinetics in the amorphous clusters.Electrochemical tests reveal that the a-Nb-Se/O@NC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 312.57 mAh g^(−1)and exceptional cyclic stability(103%capacity retention)after 5000 cycles at 10.0 A g^(−1).Assembled SIHCs achieve outstanding energy/power densities(207.1 Wh kg^(−1)/18966 W kg^(−1)),surpassing most amorphous and crystalline counterparts.This work provides methodological insights for the design of electrodes in high-power storage devices through atomic modulation and electronic optimization of amorphous selenides.展开更多
erized by a periodic real-space modulation of the superconducting pairing order parameter,is a novel quantum phase observed in superconducting(SC)systems.It is believed to play a key role in understanding the pseudoga...erized by a periodic real-space modulation of the superconducting pairing order parameter,is a novel quantum phase observed in superconducting(SC)systems.It is believed to play a key role in understanding the pseudogap phase of superconductors and has recently been discovered in bulk cuprates,transition-metal dichalcogenide,and other unconventional superconductors.However,artificially engineered PDW in designable two-dimensional materials remain rare.In this paper,we report a strain-assisted strategy to realize cooper-pair density modulation in a van der Waals heterostructure:graphene on SC 2H-NbSe2.Superconductivity is induced in graphene via the proximity effect.Meanwhile,the graphene membrane spontaneously buckles into a periodic structure owing to strain,featuring a spatially modulated local density of states(LDOS).The interplay between the spatially modulated LDOS and the proximity-induced superconductivity results in an oscillatory pair density determined by the buckled geometry,constituting an artificial PDW.This approach enables the engineering of PDWs with periodicities of up to tens of nanometers and allows their realization in a variety of heterostructures with tailored designs.Our work provides new insights into the investigation of PDW physics using predesigned two-dimensional materials.展开更多
Accurate navigation is important for long-range rocket projectile＇s precise striking. To obtain stable and high-per- formance navigation result, a ultra-tight global positioning system/inertial navigation system （GP...Accurate navigation is important for long-range rocket projectile＇s precise striking. To obtain stable and high-per- formance navigation result, a ultra-tight global positioning system/inertial navigation system （GPS/INS） integration based nav- igation approach is proposed. The accurate short-time output of INS is used by GPS receiver to assist in acquisition of signal, and output information of INS and GPS is fused based on federated filter. Meanwhile, the improved cubature Kalman filter with strong tracking ability is chosen to serve as the local filter, and then the federated filter is enhanced based on vector sharing theory. Finally, simulation results show that the navigation accuracy with the proposed method is higher than that with traditional methods. It provides reference for long-range rocket projectile navigation.展开更多
The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops ...The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops variabilis Eig. (or rye), a significant increase in the chiasmata of homoeologous pairing was shown by the phKL+Ph2(-) plants with respect to their phKL+Ph2 sibs, which indicates that Ph2-deficiency and phKL showed an additive effect on promoting pairing. The effects were shown in the increment of rod bivalents, ring bivalents and trivalents and reduction of univalents, of which, reduction of univalents was mainly due to the increment of rod bivalents. The combined lines are probably more desirable materials for alien gene transferring than phKL or Ph2(-) lines alone. In comparison with that of ph1b X Ae. variabilis (or rye), phKL+Ph2(-) X Ae. variabilis (or rye) show higher (or similar) numbers of rod bivalents, while the total chromosome pairing level significantly reduced that ascribed to the decrement in ring bivalents and multivalents. These results probably indicate the different genetic mechanisms for Ph1 and Ph2 or phKL on controlling homoeologous pairing.展开更多
The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is ...The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is found that, on one hand, the system can achieve the transition of neural firing patterns from the fewer-period state to the multi-period one, when the number of the added shortcuts in the neural network is greater than a threshold value, indicating the occurrence of in-transition of neural firing patterns. On the other hand, for a stronger coupling strength, we can also find the similar but reverse results by adding some proper random connections. In addition, the influences of system size and coupling strength on such transition behavior, as well as the internality between the transition degree of firing patterns and its critical characteristics for different external stimulation current, are also discussed.展开更多
文摘We investigate numerically the effects of long-range temporal and spatial correlations based on the rescaled distributions of the squared interface width W^(2)(L, t) and the interface height h(x, t)in the(1+1)-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang(KPZ) growth system within the early growth regime. Through extensive numerical simulations, we find that long-range temporally correlated noise does not significantly impact the distribution form of the interface width. Generally,W^(2)(L, t) approximately obeys a lognormal distribution when the temporal correlation exponentθ ≥0. On the other hand, the effects of long-range spatially correlated noise are evidently different from the temporally correlated case. Our results show that, when the spatial correlation exponent ρ ≤ 0.20, the distribution forms of W^(2)(L, t) approach the lognormal distribution, and when ρ > 0.20, the distribution becomes more asymmetric, steep, and fat-tailed, and tends to an unknown distribution form. As a comparison, probability distributions of the interface height are also provided in the temporally and spatially correlated KPZ system, exhibiting quite different characteristics from each other within the whole correlated strengths. For the temporal correlation, the height distributions follow Tracy-Widom Gaussian orthogonal ensemble(TW-GOE) when θ → 0, and with increasing θ, the height distributions crossover continuously to an unknown distribution. However, for the spatial correlation, the height distributions gradually transition from the TW-GOE distribution to the standard Gaussian form.
基金support from the project“National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology(Program EXCELES,ID Project No.LX22NPO5103)Funded by the European Union-Next Generation EU".D.B.also acknowledges VSB-Technical University of Ostrava,IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center,Czech Republic,for awarding this project access to the LUMI supercomputer,owned by the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking,hosted by CSC(Finland)and the LUMI consortium through the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ(Grant ID:90254)+4 种基金project OPEN-35-3.M.V.and J.H.acknowledge the Czech Science Foundation for support via grant number 25-16117S and the project"The Energy Conversion and Storage"funded as project No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004617 by Programme Johannes Amos Comeniuscall Excellent Research.M.V.also acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ(ID:90254)Project OPEN-30-53.P.J.acknowledges support from the European Research Council via an ERC Advanced Grant no.101095957The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of COST Action CA21169,supported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
文摘Like-charge pairing is a physical manifestation of the unique solvation properties of certain ion pairs in water.Water's high dielectric constant and related charge screening capability significantly influence the interaction between like-charged ions,with the possibility to transform it-in exceptional cases when noncovalent interactions are involved-from repulsion to attraction.Guanidinium cations(Gdm^(+))represent a quintessential example of such like-charge pairing due to their specific geometry and electronic structure.In this work,we present experimental validation and quantification of Gdm^(+)-Gdm contact ion pairing in water utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy complemented by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The observed Gdm^(+)-Gdm^(+)interaction is attractive albeit weak-about 0.5 kJ·mol^(-1)-which aligns with theoretical estimation from MD simulations.We contrast the behavior of Gdm^(+) with that of NH_(4)^(+) cations,which exhibit no contact ion pairing in water.DFT calculations predict that the NMR chemical shift of Gdm^(+) dimers is different than that of monomers,in agreement with NMR titration curves that display a nonlinear Langmuir-like behavior.Additionally,we conducted cryo-electron microscopy-to our knowledge,for the first time-on concentrated oligoarginines R9,which,unlike nona-lysines K9,exhibit aggregation in water.These results point to like charge pairing of the guanidinium side chain groups,as corroborated also by MD simulations and free energy calculations.
文摘In the field of intelligent air combat,real-time and accurate recognition of within-visual-range(WVR)maneuver actions serves as the foundational cornerstone for constructing autonomous decision-making systems.However,existing methods face two major challenges:traditional feature engineering suffers from insufficient effective dimensionality in the feature space due to kinematic coupling,making it difficult to distinguish essential differences between maneuvers,while end-to-end deep learning models lack controllability in implicit feature learning and fail to model high-order long-range temporal dependencies.This paper proposes a trajectory feature pre-extraction method based on a Long-range Masked Autoencoder(LMAE),incorporating three key innovations:(1)Random Fragment High-ratio Masking(RFH-Mask),which enforces the model to learn long-range temporal correlations by masking 80%of trajectory data while retaining continuous fragments;(2)Kalman Filter-Guided Objective Function(KFG-OF),integrating trajectory continuity constraints to align the feature space with kinematic principles;and(3)Two-stage Decoupled Architecture,enabling efficient and controllable feature learning through unsupervised pre-training and frozen-feature transfer.Experimental results demonstrate that LMAE significantly improves the average recognition accuracy for 20-class maneuvers compared to traditional end-to-end models,while significantly accelerating convergence speed.The contributions of this work lie in:introducing high-masking-rate autoencoders into low-informationdensity trajectory analysis,proposing a feature engineering framework with enhanced controllability and efficiency,and providing a novel technical pathway for intelligent air combat decision-making systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0711502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972299,52003265,52202052,52273234,52273239,52373310).Fei Pan is supported by the Xiaomi Young Talents Program.
文摘The search for novel carbons has been an important research topic for developing high-performance anodes of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study,we fabricated a new carbon,long-range ordered porous carbon(LOPC),by inducing covalent bonds between face-centered cubic C_(60)(fcc C_(60))cages in a molecular crystal via electron injection under vacuum at~520°C.The LOPC maintains the periodic lattice of the fcc C_(60)molecular crystal but has improved structural stability and electrical conductivity because of the sp^(2)bonding formed between C_(60)molecules.Compared with fcc C_(60),which has a much greater specific surface area(327.1 m^(2)·g^(−1)),LOPC has a specific capacity of 820.9 mA·h·g^(−1)or 292.9 mA·h·g^(−1)as an anode for LIBs or SIBs,both of which are measured at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(−1).This porous yet ordered carbon may open new opportunities for anode materials in electrochemical energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21573059,12274118 and 22208088)Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(No.GZS2023007)Special Project for Fundamental Research in University of Henan Province(No.22ZX013)。
文摘Sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics pose an ongoing challenge in lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).Here,we present a solution through far-reaching long-range electronic regulation(LRER)on single-atom active sites.N-doped carbons(Co-NC)are implanted with densely-distributed Co single atoms,and supported on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene substrates to assemble 3D Co-NC/MXene catalyst.MXene effectively mediates interlayer charge transfer(~0.70|e|)contrasted with popular carbon materials(~0.06|e|)to produce LRER through surrounding carbon atoms.The synergy of LRER with near-range electronic regulation(NRER)tunes electronic structures,and enhances heterostructural stability,thus provoking desirous catalytic kinetics of Co single atoms in sulfur reduction.Thereby,the Co-NC/MXene/S cathodes exhibit impressive rate performance and excellent cycling stability(only 0.015%capacity decay per cycle over 600 cycles at 4 C)in LSBs,surpassing state-of-the-art sulfur cathodes.This work reveals the importance of LRER for improved catalysis,and provides new guidance to tailor heterostructures to achieve high-efficient catalysts in various process.
基金supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.52271113)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(2020JM 218)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CHD300102311405)。
文摘Catalysts with asymmetric coordination exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity due to changes in the active sites,which affect the arrangement of reactants and catalytic activity/selectivity.Hence,the exploration of the inherent characteristics of active sites within diverse coordination environments holds great significance for the experimental design of catalytic structures.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)characterized by high coordination with four carbons(26 candidates)and low coordination with dinitrogen(27candidates)are constructed using nitrogen-doped graphdiyne derivatives(NGDY)as the substrate.Additionally,5 species of dual-atom catalysts(DACs)with coexistence of both high and low coordination sites are also developed and their nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)activities are systematically investigated by density functional theory.The results indicate that metals with low coordination exhibit superior catalytic performance,such as Mo^(L)-NGDY(U_(L)=-0.30 V)and Nb^(L)-NGDY(U_(L)=-0.32 V).Furthermore,machine learning(ML)methods have deeply analyzed and elucidated the primary intrinsic characteristics that influence catalytic performance.These results not only unveil the underlying mechanisms behind the exceptional catalytic performance exhibited by low-coordination metal atoms,but also provide relevant and significant descriptors.More importantly,based on an investigation of the catalytic activity of a series of DACs,the“buffer and low-coordination accumulate”asymmetric coordination mechanism is proposed to unveil the long-range interactions between low and high coordination atoms.Due to this remote communication,MoNb-NGDY(U_(L)=-0.09/-0.37 V)exhibits the best NRR activity.This mechanism provides valuable insights into the origin of long-range bipartite interactions and inspires the design and synthesis of NRR catalysts with different coordination environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11962002)the Innovation Project of the Guangxi Graduate Education(Grant Nos.YCBZ2021021 and YCSW2022070).
文摘A Hamiltonian mean-field model with long-range four-body interactions is proposed.The model describes a long-range mean-field system in which N unit-mass particles move on a unit circle.Each particleθi interacts with any three other particles through an infinite-range cosine potential with an attractive interaction(ε>0).By applying a method that remaps the average phase of global particle pairs onto a new unit circle,and using the saddle-point technique,the partition function is solved analytically after introducing four-body interactions,yielding expressions for the free energy f and the energy per particle U.These results were further validated through numerical simulations.The results show that the system undergoes a second-order phase transition at the critical energy Uc.Specifically,the critical energy corresponds to U_(c)=0.32 when the coupling constantε=5,and U_(c)=0.63 whenε=10.Finally,we calculated the system’s largest Lyapunov exponentλand kinetic energy fluctuationsΣthrough numerical simulations.It is found that the peak of the largest Lyapunov exponentλoccurs slightly below the critical energy Uc,which is consistent with the point of maximum kinetic energy fluctuationsΣ.And there is a scaling law ofΣ/N^(1/2)∝λbetween them.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12375025).
文摘We investigate the parity-time(PT)symmetry-breaking quantum phase transition in a one-dimensional(1D)bosonic lattice featuring cavity-mediated long-range interactions and spatially staggered dissipation.By mapping the system to an effective spin chain under the constraints of hard-core bosons and integrating the mean-field decoupling approach with biorthogonal basis formalism,we derive a self-consistency equation.Numerical simulation results validate that the derived equation quantitatively captures thePT-symmetry order parameter’s phase diagram.Our findings reveal that coherent hopping maintainsPTsymmetry through quantum fluctuations.Conversely,cavity-engineered long-range interactions,in synergy with staggered dissipation,act in opposition to drive symmetry breaking.This competitive interplay can inspire further exploration of tunable quantum phase transitions in non-Hermitian systems.
基金supported by the Director General,Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR),New Delhithe Director,ICAR-National Rice Research Institute,Cuttack.
文摘Consecutive stresses,such as initial submergence during germination followed by water deficit during the seedling stage,pose significant challenges to direct-seeded rice cultivation.By Linkage disequilibrium analysis,Sub1 and Dro1(Δbp:10 Mb),as well as Sub1 and TPP7(Δbp:6 Mb)were identified to exhibit long-range linkage disequilibrium(LRLD).Meta-QTL analysis further revealed that Sub1 and TPP7 co-segregated for tolerance to submergence at the germination and seedling stages.Based on this,we hypothesized that LRLD might influence plant responses to consecutive stresses.To test this hypothesis,we developed a structured recombinant inbred line population from a cross between Bhalum 2 and Nagina 22,with alleles(Sub1 and TPP7)in linkage equilibrium.Mendelian randomization analysis validated that the parental alleles,rather than the recombinant alleles of Sub1 and TPP7,significantly influenced 13 out of 41 traits under consecutive stress conditions.Additionally,16 minor additive effect QTLs were detected between the genomic regions,spanning Sub1 and TPP7 for various traits.A single allele difference between these genomic regions enhanced crown root number,root dry weight,and specific root area by 11.45%,15.69%,and 33.15%,respectively,under flooded germination conditions.Candidate gene analysis identified WAK79 and MRLK59 as regulators of stress responses during flooded germination,recovery,and subsequent water deficit conditions.These findings highlight the critical role of parental allele combinations and genomic regions between Sub1 and TPP7 in regulating the stress responses under consecutive stresses.Favourable haplotypes derived from these alleles can be utilized to improve stress resilience in direct-seeded rice.
文摘The stable Bardeen-Schrieffer-Cooper(BCS)pairing state of a bosonic system has long been sought theoretically and experimentally.Here we propose that a stable BCS state of bosons can be realized in a binary Bose gas with s-wave intra-species repulsion and an inter-species attraction in the mean-field-stable region.We find that above the Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC)transition temperature,there is a phase transition from the normal state to a BCS state driven by interspecies pairing.When the temperature decreases,another phase transition from the BCS state to a mixed state featuring both atomic BEC and inter-species pairing occurs.As the temperature is further lowered,the mixed state is eventually taken over by the pure BEC state.We present the phase diagram of this system and discuss its experimental implications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.U23A2073(P.Z.)and 11547034(H.Z.)].
文摘The measurement of the pairing gap is crucial for investigating the physical properties of superconductors or superfluids.We propose a strategy to measure the pairing gap through the dynamical excitations.With the random phase approximation(RPA),we study the dynamical excitations of a two-dimensional attractive Fermi-Hubbard model by calculating its dynamical structure factor.Two distinct collective modes emerge:a Goldstone phonon mode at transferred momentum q=[0,0]and a roton mode at q=[p,p].The roton mode exhibits a sharp molecular peak in the low-energy regime.Notably,the area under the roton molecular peak scales with the square of the pairing gap,which holds even in three-dimensional and spin-orbit coupled(SOC)optical lattices.This finding suggests an experimental approach to measure the pairing gap in lattice systems by analyzing the dynamical structure factor at q=[p,p].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12447103)financial support from the MERIT-WINGS course provided by the University of Tokyo+10 种基金the Fellowship for Integrated Materials Science and Career Development provided by the Japan Science and Technology Agencysupport from the computational resource of Wisteria/BDEC-01 provided by Information Technology Center, the University of Tokyo, for the Monte Carlo simulationthe support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12404275)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202403021212015)support from the Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence on Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter-ct.qmat (EXC 2147, Project No. 390858490)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12274289)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFA1402702 and 2021YFA1401400)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0301902)Yangyang Development Fund, and Startup Funds from SJTUsupported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFA1407300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12047503)。
文摘Recent various experiments have provided evidence supporting the emergence of loop-current order in kagome metals. Particularly superconductivity in AV_(3)Sb_(5) is significantly enhanced when this charge order is suppressed by pressure or doping. Distinct from magnetic order, loop-current order does not couple directly to spin and thus whether such fluctuations can enhance superconductivity remains elusive. We design a sign problem-free bilayer kagome model coupled to quantum Ising spins through bond currents and perform determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations to explore single-particle properties and superconductivity arising from 2 × 2 loopcurrent fluctuations. We find that this loop-current order induces intriguing band folding, band broadening,and gap opening around saddle points. Remarkably, our pairing susceptibility analysis identifies a dominant enhancement of superconductivity due to loop-current fluctuations, with the dominant pairing being the chiral d-wave channel. This pairing primarily occurs within the intra-sublattice channel and involves third nearestneighbor sites, attributed to the unique sublattice texture associated with van Hove singularities. We also discuss potential experimental implications for kagome superconductors.
基金financed by the grant from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2019-JYB-TD004)。
文摘The infection of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the fever and respiratory symptoms in the process of coronavirus infections, gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea, are prominent features of its acute infection and long COVID. The associations between the lung and large intestine have been demonstrated by Western medicine in aspects such as tissue origin, microflora homeostasis, mucosal immunity, renin-angiotensin system(RAS) and autonomic nervous system as well, which are considered as the evidence of material basis and potential regulatory mechanisms for “gutlung crosstalk(肺肠串扰)” in COVID-19. We have noticed that probiotics and other preparations can regulate the intestines, and further treat COVID-19 with effective and gratifying results. In the system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), there's a term of “exterior-interior pairing of the lung and large intestine(肺与大肠相表里)”, showing an interconnection of the lung and the bowels. “Exterior-interior pairing of the lung and large intestine” is an important part of the theory of visceral activities proposed by ancient physicians through a long-term observation and practice. It's considered that “lung” and “large intestine” are interconnected and mutually exterior-interior in the normal physical activities and the disease development, providing a theoretical basis for treating lung diseases and bowel diseases from the perspective of overall concept. The study aims to compare the term of “exterior-interior pairing of the lung and large intestine” in TCM and “gut-lung crosstalk” in Western medicine regarding the development of COVID-19 and its intestinal symptoms, and provide more ideas for diagnosing and treating lung and bowel related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52573299)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province(No.20242BAB25223,20232BCJ23025,20232BCJ25040,20232BAB214024)the Special Funding Program for Graduate Student Innovation of Jiangxi Province(No.YC2024-S594).
文摘Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy is proposed to construct adjacent Nb-Nb diatomic pairs with Se/O-coordination(Se4-Nb2-O2)in N-doped carbon-confined amorphous selenide clusters(a-Nb-Se/O@NC).Synergistic carbon confinement and hydrothermal oxygenation induce amorphization of Nb–Se bonds,eliminating crystalline rigidity while creating isotropic dual-ion transport channels and high-density active sites enriched with dangling bonds,thereby enhancing structural integrity and Na+storage capacity.The unique Se/O-coordinated Nb-Nb diatomic configuration establishes an electron-delocalized system,where the low electronegativity of Se counterbalances electron withdrawal from coordinated O at Nb centers.These strengthen d-p orbital hybridization,reduce Na+adsorption energy,and optimize charge transfer pathways and reaction kinetics in the amorphous clusters.Electrochemical tests reveal that the a-Nb-Se/O@NC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 312.57 mAh g^(−1)and exceptional cyclic stability(103%capacity retention)after 5000 cycles at 10.0 A g^(−1).Assembled SIHCs achieve outstanding energy/power densities(207.1 Wh kg^(−1)/18966 W kg^(−1)),surpassing most amorphous and crystalline counterparts.This work provides methodological insights for the design of electrodes in high-power storage devices through atomic modulation and electronic optimization of amorphous selenides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12474477,12550405,and 61888102)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2024YFA1207700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty (Grant No.SRICSPYF- ZY2025071)the Robotic AI-Scientist Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesfinancial support from the Flemish Research Foundation (Grant Nos.FWO/11E5821N and FWO/G0A5921N)。
文摘erized by a periodic real-space modulation of the superconducting pairing order parameter,is a novel quantum phase observed in superconducting(SC)systems.It is believed to play a key role in understanding the pseudogap phase of superconductors and has recently been discovered in bulk cuprates,transition-metal dichalcogenide,and other unconventional superconductors.However,artificially engineered PDW in designable two-dimensional materials remain rare.In this paper,we report a strain-assisted strategy to realize cooper-pair density modulation in a van der Waals heterostructure:graphene on SC 2H-NbSe2.Superconductivity is induced in graphene via the proximity effect.Meanwhile,the graphene membrane spontaneously buckles into a periodic structure owing to strain,featuring a spatially modulated local density of states(LDOS).The interplay between the spatially modulated LDOS and the proximity-induced superconductivity results in an oscillatory pair density determined by the buckled geometry,constituting an artificial PDW.This approach enables the engineering of PDWs with periodicities of up to tens of nanometers and allows their realization in a variety of heterostructures with tailored designs.Our work provides new insights into the investigation of PDW physics using predesigned two-dimensional materials.
基金Project Funded by Chongqing Changjiang Electrical Appliances Industries Group Co.,Ltd
文摘Accurate navigation is important for long-range rocket projectile＇s precise striking. To obtain stable and high-per- formance navigation result, a ultra-tight global positioning system/inertial navigation system （GPS/INS） integration based nav- igation approach is proposed. The accurate short-time output of INS is used by GPS receiver to assist in acquisition of signal, and output information of INS and GPS is fused based on federated filter. Meanwhile, the improved cubature Kalman filter with strong tracking ability is chosen to serve as the local filter, and then the federated filter is enhanced based on vector sharing theory. Finally, simulation results show that the navigation accuracy with the proposed method is higher than that with traditional methods. It provides reference for long-range rocket projectile navigation.
文摘The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops variabilis Eig. (or rye), a significant increase in the chiasmata of homoeologous pairing was shown by the phKL+Ph2(-) plants with respect to their phKL+Ph2 sibs, which indicates that Ph2-deficiency and phKL showed an additive effect on promoting pairing. The effects were shown in the increment of rod bivalents, ring bivalents and trivalents and reduction of univalents, of which, reduction of univalents was mainly due to the increment of rod bivalents. The combined lines are probably more desirable materials for alien gene transferring than phKL or Ph2(-) lines alone. In comparison with that of ph1b X Ae. variabilis (or rye), phKL+Ph2(-) X Ae. variabilis (or rye) show higher (or similar) numbers of rod bivalents, while the total chromosome pairing level significantly reduced that ascribed to the decrement in ring bivalents and multivalents. These results probably indicate the different genetic mechanisms for Ph1 and Ph2 or phKL on controlling homoeologous pairing.
文摘The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is found that, on one hand, the system can achieve the transition of neural firing patterns from the fewer-period state to the multi-period one, when the number of the added shortcuts in the neural network is greater than a threshold value, indicating the occurrence of in-transition of neural firing patterns. On the other hand, for a stronger coupling strength, we can also find the similar but reverse results by adding some proper random connections. In addition, the influences of system size and coupling strength on such transition behavior, as well as the internality between the transition degree of firing patterns and its critical characteristics for different external stimulation current, are also discussed.
