In modal logic,topological semantics is an intuitive and natural special case of neighbourhood semantics.This paper stems from the observation that the satisfaction relation of topological semantics applies to subset ...In modal logic,topological semantics is an intuitive and natural special case of neighbourhood semantics.This paper stems from the observation that the satisfaction relation of topological semantics applies to subset spaces which are more general than topological spaces.The minimal modal logic which is strongly sound and complete with respect to the class of subset spaces is found.Soundness and completeness results of some famous modal logics(e.g.S4,S5 and Tr)with respect to various important classes of subset spaces(eg intersection structures and complete fields of sets)are also proved.In the meantime,some known results,e.g.the soundness and completeness of Tr with respect to the class of discrete topological spaces,are proved directly using some modifications of the method of canonical mode1,without a detour via neighbourhood semantics or relational semantics.展开更多
In connexive logic,two fundamental ideas are observed:first,no proposition im-plies or is implied by its own negation;second,if a proposition implies p then it will not imply the negation of 4p.In classical logic,neit...In connexive logic,two fundamental ideas are observed:first,no proposition im-plies or is implied by its own negation;second,if a proposition implies p then it will not imply the negation of 4p.In classical logic,neither of the ideas holds,which makes it difficult to give a natural semantics for connexive logic.By combining Kleene's three valued logic and Lewis'conditional logic,we propose a new natural semantics for connexive logic.We give four ax-iomatic systems characterizing different classes of selection models in the new semantics.We prove soundness and completeness of these logics and compare them with some comexive 1og-ics in the literature.展开更多
This article extends the foundational work of Wang and Wang on modal logic over lattices.Building upon their framework using polyadic modal logic with binary modalities<sup>and<inf>under standard Kripke se...This article extends the foundational work of Wang and Wang on modal logic over lattices.Building upon their framework using polyadic modal logic with binary modalities<sup>and<inf>under standard Kripke semantics to axiomatize lattice structures,we focus on the modal characterization of bounded lattices and their extensions relevant to logical systems.By introducing nullary modalities 1(maximum element)and 0(minimum element),we first establish a modal axiomatic system for bounded lattices.Subsequently,we provide pure formula characterizations of complementation and orthocomplementation relations in lattices,along with corresponding completeness results.As key applications,we present modal characterizations of fundamental logical algebraic structures:Boolean algebras,orthomodular lattices,and Heyting algebras.The last section develops novel axiomatization results for atomic lattices and atomless lattices.Throughout this work,all axiomatic systems are shown to be strongly complete via pureformula extensions,demonstrating how hybrid modal languages with nullary operators can uniformly capture boundary elements,complementation properties,and latticetheoretic operations central to both classical and nonclassical logics.展开更多
Institutional logic theory,a pivotal framework within organizational studies,delineates the multifaceted and intricate logics that underpin organizational fields.This theoretical perspective elucidates the manner in w...Institutional logic theory,a pivotal framework within organizational studies,delineates the multifaceted and intricate logics that underpin organizational fields.This theoretical perspective elucidates the manner in which diverse individuals or groups within an organization internalize and manifest distinct institutional logics,alongside the ensuing political and cultural conflicts.Furthermore,the theory endeavors to elucidate the complexities inherent in institutional logic across organizational fields,examining the reflection of these logics among various individuals or groups and their associated political and cultural dichotomies.Central to this discourse is the acknowledgment of the core systems that constitute the fabric of a country,encompassing the state,market,familial structures,corporate entities,professional bodies,and religious institutions.These components not only coexist with inherent conflicts but also exhibit a high degree of interdependence,underlined by their shared institutional logics.This literature attempts to review and analysis institutional logic in the field of entrepreneurship and integrates institutional logic into entrepreneurs’personal background,experience,and other social characteristics,and study how institutional logic operates.It is recommended that future researchers take entrepreneurs as the research object and conduct more in-depth research on the evolution of organizational response strategies when political and cultural conflicts occur between different groups within the enterprise,combined with institutional logic theory.展开更多
To enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web, a new fuzzy extension of description logics called the fuzzy description logics with comparison expressi...To enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web, a new fuzzy extension of description logics called the fuzzy description logics with comparison expressions （FCDLs） is presented. The syntax and semantics of FCDLs are formally defined, and the forms of axioms and assertions in FCDLs knowledge bases are specified. FCDLs combine both fuzzy concepts from the fuzzy description logics （FDLs） and cut concepts from the extended fuzzy description logics （EFDLs） in the same theory. Furthermore, cut concepts are extended into comparison cut concepts in FCDLs to represent comparison expressions between fuzzy membership degrees, which are often used in practice but not supported by the other fuzzy extensions of description logics. FCDLs have more expressive power than FDLs and EFDLs, and are able to represent expressive fuzzy knowledge and to perform reasoning tasks based on them. Therefore, FCDLs can enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web.展开更多
Regulation of apoptosis represents a key parameter in all living organisms.In this paper,an input-induced logic-gated modular nanocalculator is designed to regulate cancer cell apoptosis by programmatically combining ...Regulation of apoptosis represents a key parameter in all living organisms.In this paper,an input-induced logic-gated modular nanocalculator is designed to regulate cancer cell apoptosis by programmatically combining and connecting logic gate modules with different functions.Via rational design of the various logic gate modules of the nanocalculator,different apoptosis related operations including cancer cell targeting,apoptosis induction,and apoptosis monitoring could be performed.Importantly,each of these logic gate modules could independently perform apoptosis related YES logic operations when ran separately.After combining each YES logic gate module into a logic circuit and connecting it to the GO scaffold to construct a logic-gated nanocalculator,the input-induced logic-gated modular nanocalculator could selectively enter cancer cells and control the drug release to logically apoptosis(output),by performing AND logic gate operations when inputs(nucleolin and H^(+)) were included at the same time.Moreover,evidence suggests that these efficient logical calculations proceed in cancer cell apoptosis regulation without the general limiations of lithography in nanotechnology.As such,this work provides a new vision for the construction of a logic-gated modular nanocalculator with logical calculation proficiency potentially useful in cancer therapy and the regulation of life.展开更多
Defining science and demarcating it from pseudoscience are longstanding core issues in the philosophy of science.Hilbert’s traditional axiomatic standards(consistency,completeness,independence)struggle with modern co...Defining science and demarcating it from pseudoscience are longstanding core issues in the philosophy of science.Hilbert’s traditional axiomatic standards(consistency,completeness,independence)struggle with modern complex systems,while existing demarcation criteria like replicability and Popper’s falsificationism have practical limitations.Analyzing incompatibilities in complex systems,this paper proposes a revised framework:modified Hilbert axiomatic standards(clearly defined concepts,logical consistency,unrefuted axioms)and dynamic demarcation criteria.Abandoning unattainable traditional requirements of completeness and independence,it emphasizes conceptual clarity,openness,and progressiveness,offering an operational,self-consistent basis for judging scientificity.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)based models have been used to predict the structural,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical properties of zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites.Machine learning(ML)models such as Artific...Artificial intelligence(AI)based models have been used to predict the structural,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical properties of zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites.Machine learning(ML)models such as Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),Support Vector Regression(SVR),Multilayer Perceptron(MLP),and hybrid,along with fuzzy logic tools,were applied to predict the different properties like wavelength at maximum intensity(444 nm),crystallite size(17.50 nm),and optical bandgap(2.85 eV).While some other properties,such as energy density,power density,and charge transfer resistance,were also predicted with the help of datasets of 1000(80:20).In general,the energy parameters were predicted more accurately by hybrid models.The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize graphene oxide(GO)and zinc oxide(ZnO)nanocomposites.The increased surface area,conductivity,and stability of graphene oxide in zinc oxide nanoparticles make the composite an ideal option for energy storage.X-ray diffraction(XRD)confirmed the crystallite size of 17.41 nm for the nanocomposite and the presence of GO(12.8○)peaks.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed anchored wrinkled GO sheets on zinc oxide with an average particle size of 2.93μm.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)confirmed the elemental composition,and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)revealed the impact of GO on functional groups and electrochemical behavior.Photoluminescence(PL)wavelength of(439 nm)and band gap of(2.81 eV)show that the material is suitable for energy applications in nanocomposites.Smart nanocomposite materials with improved performance in energy storage and related applications were fabricated by combining synthesis,characterization,fuzzy logic,and machine learning in this work.展开更多
In recent years,terbium radioisotopes have been investigated for their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications in nuclear medicine.This study aimed to investigate the production of ^(152) Tb and ^(155) Tb by...In recent years,terbium radioisotopes have been investigated for their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications in nuclear medicine.This study aimed to investigate the production of ^(152) Tb and ^(155) Tb by alpha-induced reactions in detail,with a specific focus on determining the optimum production parameters and testing existing nuclear models.Given the limited number of experiments conducted on reactions related to terbium isotope production,it is necessary to perform theoretical calculations of cross sections over a wide energy range to gain a detailed understanding of terbium isotope production.To achieve this objective,the cross sections of the ^(151)Eu(α,n)^(154) Tb reactions were calculated up to 60 MeV using the TALYS computer code with 432 different combinations of optical model parameters,level density,and strength function models.The theoretical reaction cross-section results were compared with the experimental results in the literature.The best input parameters were determined using the Threshold Logic Unit method,and these parameters were used in all isotope production calculations.Once the optimal model combination was determined,the total activity production and isotopic fraction of ^(152) Tb and ^(155) Tb isotopes were calculated in detail for beam energies of 17–50 MeV,different irradiation times,and varying ^(151) Eu and ^(153) Eu target thicknesses.展开更多
Ontology is defined as an explicit specification of a conceptualization. In this paper, an extended ontology model was constructed using description logics, which is a 5-tuples including term set, individual set, term...Ontology is defined as an explicit specification of a conceptualization. In this paper, an extended ontology model was constructed using description logics, which is a 5-tuples including term set, individual set, term definition set, instantiation assertion set and term restriction set. Based on the extended model, the issue on ontology checking was studied with the conclusion that the four kinds of term checking, including term satisfiability checking, term subsumption checking, term equivalence checking and term disjointness checking, can be reduced to the satisfiability checking, and satisfiability checking can be transformed into instantiation consistence checking.展开更多
We demonstrate the flaws of Mao's method, which is an augmentation ofprotocol idealization in BAN-like logics, and then offer some new idealization rules based on Mao'smethod. Furthermore, we give some theoret...We demonstrate the flaws of Mao's method, which is an augmentation ofprotocol idealization in BAN-like logics, and then offer some new idealization rules based on Mao'smethod. Furthermore, we give some theoretical analysis of our rules using the strand spaceformalism, and show the soundness of our idealization rules under strand spaces Some examples onusing the new rules to analyze security protocols are also concerned. Our idealization method ismore effective than Mao's method towards many protocol instances, and is supported by a formalmodel.展开更多
Neurons with complex-valued weights have stronger capability because of their multi-valued threshold logic. Neurons with such features may be suitable for solution of different kinds of problems including associative ...Neurons with complex-valued weights have stronger capability because of their multi-valued threshold logic. Neurons with such features may be suitable for solution of different kinds of problems including associative memory,image recognition and digital logical mapping. In this paper,robustness or tolerance is introduced and newly defined for this kind of neuron ac-cording to both their mathematical model and the perceptron neuron's definition of robustness. Also,the most robust design for basic digital logics of multiple variables is proposed based on these robust neurons. Our proof procedure shows that,in robust design each weight only takes the value of i or -i,while the value of threshold is with respect to the number of variables. The results demonstrate the validity and simplicity of using robust neurons for realizing arbitrary digital logical functions.展开更多
This paper proposes an algorithm applied in se mantic P2P network based on the description logics with the purpose for realizing the concepts distribution of resources, which makes the resources semantic locating easy...This paper proposes an algorithm applied in se mantic P2P network based on the description logics with the purpose for realizing the concepts distribution of resources, which makes the resources semantic locating easy. With the idea of the consistent hashing in the Chord, our algorithm stores the addresses and resources with the values of the same type to select instance. In addition, each peer has its own ontology, which will be completed by the knowledge distributed over the network during the exchange of CHGs （classification hierarchy graphs）. The hierarchy classification of concepts allows to find matching resource by querying to the upper level concept because the all concepts described in the CHG have the same root.展开更多
In the quantum mechanical Hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hoc add-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model itself. A m...In the quantum mechanical Hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hoc add-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model itself. A model involving a clear probabilistic interpretation from the very beginning is provided by the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. It includes the projection lattices in von Neumann algebras and here probability conditionalization becomes identical with the state transition of the Lueders-von Neumann measurement process. This motivates the definition of a hierarchy of five compatibility and comeasurability levels in the abstract setting of the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. Their meanings are： the absence of quantum interference or influence, the existence of a joint distribution, simultaneous measurability, and the independence of the final state after two successive measurements from the sequential order of these two measurements. A further level means that two elements of the quantum logic （events） belong to the same Boolean subalgebra. In the general case, the five compatibility and comeasurability levels appear to differ, but they all coincide in the common Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics, in von Neumann algebras, and in some other cases.展开更多
Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to esti-mate the number. Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both thoseof interest to math...Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to esti-mate the number. Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both thoseof interest to mathematics and those of interest to philosophy and computer science. (Henceforth Iwill use the term "intelligent systems theory" for the common ground of philosophical logic and展开更多
Nonmonotonic reasoning and nonmonotonic truth maintenance are two important research aspects of artificial intelligence, which have close relations. Existing nonmonotonic truth maintenance systems can be used as the t...Nonmonotonic reasoning and nonmonotonic truth maintenance are two important research aspects of artificial intelligence, which have close relations. Existing nonmonotonic truth maintenance systems can be used as the theorem provers of conventional nonmonotonic logics, but they can't represent and deal with prioritized nonmonotonic reasoning. This paper presented stratified truth maintenance systems which can represent and deal with prioritized justifications. It will be shown that the stratified ATMS can be used as a theorem prover of prioritized nonmonotonic logics.展开更多
Cells are open systems that exchange energy and molecules with their environment.As any material system,they perform all the complex activities required for homeostasis and reproduction,obeying the thermodynamic laws....Cells are open systems that exchange energy and molecules with their environment.As any material system,they perform all the complex activities required for homeostasis and reproduction,obeying the thermodynamic laws.This viewpoint will argue that the basic logic governing the energy flux required to preserve cell organization and function is simple:to decrease the activation energy(Ea)of specific processes.Almost none of the possible chemical reactions and energy transformations inside a cell occur at a measurable speed at room or body temperature.Enzymes or other macromolecular structures speed up particular transformations by decreasing the corresponding energetic barriers.However,to maintain the systems in a homeostatic state,capable of sophisticated functions based on this simple strategy requires an inconceivably complex solution.The conclusion will point to the challenging and intricate problems that cells have solved to carve the highly regulated channel through which the energy flows,fueling the work of these nanoscale machines.展开更多
Description logics (DLs) are a family of logic-based knowledge representation formalisms with a number of computer science applications. DLs are especially well-known to be valuable for obtaining logical foundations o...Description logics (DLs) are a family of logic-based knowledge representation formalisms with a number of computer science applications. DLs are especially well-known to be valuable for obtaining logical foundations of web ontology languages (e.g., W3C’s ontology language OWL). Paraconsistent (or inconsistency-tolerant) description logics (PDLs) have been studied to cope with inconsistencies which may frequently occur in an open world. In this paper, a comparison and survey of PDLs is presented. It is shown that four existing paraconsistent semantics (i.e., four-valued semantics, quasi-classical semantics, single-interpretation semantics and dual-interpretation semantics) for PDLs are essentially the same semantics. To show this, two generalized and extended new semantics are introduced, and an equivalence between them is proved.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(No.20CZX048)。
文摘In modal logic,topological semantics is an intuitive and natural special case of neighbourhood semantics.This paper stems from the observation that the satisfaction relation of topological semantics applies to subset spaces which are more general than topological spaces.The minimal modal logic which is strongly sound and complete with respect to the class of subset spaces is found.Soundness and completeness results of some famous modal logics(e.g.S4,S5 and Tr)with respect to various important classes of subset spaces(eg intersection structures and complete fields of sets)are also proved.In the meantime,some known results,e.g.the soundness and completeness of Tr with respect to the class of discrete topological spaces,are proved directly using some modifications of the method of canonical mode1,without a detour via neighbourhood semantics or relational semantics.
基金supported by the MOE Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of China(Grant No.21YJA72040001)。
文摘In connexive logic,two fundamental ideas are observed:first,no proposition im-plies or is implied by its own negation;second,if a proposition implies p then it will not imply the negation of 4p.In classical logic,neither of the ideas holds,which makes it difficult to give a natural semantics for connexive logic.By combining Kleene's three valued logic and Lewis'conditional logic,we propose a new natural semantics for connexive logic.We give four ax-iomatic systems characterizing different classes of selection models in the new semantics.We prove soundness and completeness of these logics and compare them with some comexive 1og-ics in the literature.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750225).
文摘This article extends the foundational work of Wang and Wang on modal logic over lattices.Building upon their framework using polyadic modal logic with binary modalities<sup>and<inf>under standard Kripke semantics to axiomatize lattice structures,we focus on the modal characterization of bounded lattices and their extensions relevant to logical systems.By introducing nullary modalities 1(maximum element)and 0(minimum element),we first establish a modal axiomatic system for bounded lattices.Subsequently,we provide pure formula characterizations of complementation and orthocomplementation relations in lattices,along with corresponding completeness results.As key applications,we present modal characterizations of fundamental logical algebraic structures:Boolean algebras,orthomodular lattices,and Heyting algebras.The last section develops novel axiomatization results for atomic lattices and atomless lattices.Throughout this work,all axiomatic systems are shown to be strongly complete via pureformula extensions,demonstrating how hybrid modal languages with nullary operators can uniformly capture boundary elements,complementation properties,and latticetheoretic operations central to both classical and nonclassical logics.
文摘Institutional logic theory,a pivotal framework within organizational studies,delineates the multifaceted and intricate logics that underpin organizational fields.This theoretical perspective elucidates the manner in which diverse individuals or groups within an organization internalize and manifest distinct institutional logics,alongside the ensuing political and cultural conflicts.Furthermore,the theory endeavors to elucidate the complexities inherent in institutional logic across organizational fields,examining the reflection of these logics among various individuals or groups and their associated political and cultural dichotomies.Central to this discourse is the acknowledgment of the core systems that constitute the fabric of a country,encompassing the state,market,familial structures,corporate entities,professional bodies,and religious institutions.These components not only coexist with inherent conflicts but also exhibit a high degree of interdependence,underlined by their shared institutional logics.This literature attempts to review and analysis institutional logic in the field of entrepreneurship and integrates institutional logic into entrepreneurs’personal background,experience,and other social characteristics,and study how institutional logic operates.It is recommended that future researchers take entrepreneurs as the research object and conduct more in-depth research on the evolution of organizational response strategies when political and cultural conflicts occur between different groups within the enterprise,combined with institutional logic theory.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60373066,60425206,90412003),the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China (973Program)(No.2002CB312000),the Innovation Plan for Jiangsu High School Graduate Student, the High TechnologyResearch Project of Jiangsu Province (No.BG2005032), and the Weap-onry Equipment Foundation of PLA Equipment Ministry ( No.51406020105JB8103).
文摘To enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web, a new fuzzy extension of description logics called the fuzzy description logics with comparison expressions （FCDLs） is presented. The syntax and semantics of FCDLs are formally defined, and the forms of axioms and assertions in FCDLs knowledge bases are specified. FCDLs combine both fuzzy concepts from the fuzzy description logics （FDLs） and cut concepts from the extended fuzzy description logics （EFDLs） in the same theory. Furthermore, cut concepts are extended into comparison cut concepts in FCDLs to represent comparison expressions between fuzzy membership degrees, which are often used in practice but not supported by the other fuzzy extensions of description logics. FCDLs have more expressive power than FDLs and EFDLs, and are able to represent expressive fuzzy knowledge and to perform reasoning tasks based on them. Therefore, FCDLs can enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Nos.22134005 and 22074124)Chongqing Talents Program for Outstanding Scientists (No.cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0178)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0521)the Chongqing Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Project (No.CYB21119)。
文摘Regulation of apoptosis represents a key parameter in all living organisms.In this paper,an input-induced logic-gated modular nanocalculator is designed to regulate cancer cell apoptosis by programmatically combining and connecting logic gate modules with different functions.Via rational design of the various logic gate modules of the nanocalculator,different apoptosis related operations including cancer cell targeting,apoptosis induction,and apoptosis monitoring could be performed.Importantly,each of these logic gate modules could independently perform apoptosis related YES logic operations when ran separately.After combining each YES logic gate module into a logic circuit and connecting it to the GO scaffold to construct a logic-gated nanocalculator,the input-induced logic-gated modular nanocalculator could selectively enter cancer cells and control the drug release to logically apoptosis(output),by performing AND logic gate operations when inputs(nucleolin and H^(+)) were included at the same time.Moreover,evidence suggests that these efficient logical calculations proceed in cancer cell apoptosis regulation without the general limiations of lithography in nanotechnology.As such,this work provides a new vision for the construction of a logic-gated modular nanocalculator with logical calculation proficiency potentially useful in cancer therapy and the regulation of life.
基金supported by the start-up funding from Westlake University under Grant Number 041030150118 and the scientific research project of Westlake University“Theoretical Research and Demonstration Application of Complex Systems and Deep-Sea Technology(Phase I)”under Grant Number WU2025A006.
文摘Defining science and demarcating it from pseudoscience are longstanding core issues in the philosophy of science.Hilbert’s traditional axiomatic standards(consistency,completeness,independence)struggle with modern complex systems,while existing demarcation criteria like replicability and Popper’s falsificationism have practical limitations.Analyzing incompatibilities in complex systems,this paper proposes a revised framework:modified Hilbert axiomatic standards(clearly defined concepts,logical consistency,unrefuted axioms)and dynamic demarcation criteria.Abandoning unattainable traditional requirements of completeness and independence,it emphasizes conceptual clarity,openness,and progressiveness,offering an operational,self-consistent basis for judging scientificity.
基金extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work under the Ambitious Researcher program(Project No.KFU253806).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)based models have been used to predict the structural,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical properties of zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites.Machine learning(ML)models such as Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),Support Vector Regression(SVR),Multilayer Perceptron(MLP),and hybrid,along with fuzzy logic tools,were applied to predict the different properties like wavelength at maximum intensity(444 nm),crystallite size(17.50 nm),and optical bandgap(2.85 eV).While some other properties,such as energy density,power density,and charge transfer resistance,were also predicted with the help of datasets of 1000(80:20).In general,the energy parameters were predicted more accurately by hybrid models.The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize graphene oxide(GO)and zinc oxide(ZnO)nanocomposites.The increased surface area,conductivity,and stability of graphene oxide in zinc oxide nanoparticles make the composite an ideal option for energy storage.X-ray diffraction(XRD)confirmed the crystallite size of 17.41 nm for the nanocomposite and the presence of GO(12.8○)peaks.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed anchored wrinkled GO sheets on zinc oxide with an average particle size of 2.93μm.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)confirmed the elemental composition,and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)revealed the impact of GO on functional groups and electrochemical behavior.Photoluminescence(PL)wavelength of(439 nm)and band gap of(2.81 eV)show that the material is suitable for energy applications in nanocomposites.Smart nanocomposite materials with improved performance in energy storage and related applications were fabricated by combining synthesis,characterization,fuzzy logic,and machine learning in this work.
文摘In recent years,terbium radioisotopes have been investigated for their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications in nuclear medicine.This study aimed to investigate the production of ^(152) Tb and ^(155) Tb by alpha-induced reactions in detail,with a specific focus on determining the optimum production parameters and testing existing nuclear models.Given the limited number of experiments conducted on reactions related to terbium isotope production,it is necessary to perform theoretical calculations of cross sections over a wide energy range to gain a detailed understanding of terbium isotope production.To achieve this objective,the cross sections of the ^(151)Eu(α,n)^(154) Tb reactions were calculated up to 60 MeV using the TALYS computer code with 432 different combinations of optical model parameters,level density,and strength function models.The theoretical reaction cross-section results were compared with the experimental results in the literature.The best input parameters were determined using the Threshold Logic Unit method,and these parameters were used in all isotope production calculations.Once the optimal model combination was determined,the total activity production and isotopic fraction of ^(152) Tb and ^(155) Tb isotopes were calculated in detail for beam energies of 17–50 MeV,different irradiation times,and varying ^(151) Eu and ^(153) Eu target thicknesses.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2521005,12174144,12474009,12174146,and 124B2059)the Special Construction Project Fund for Shan-dong Province Taishan Scholars.
文摘Multifunctional optical responsive materials have grown increasingly pivotal in addressingthe escalating demands of sensing,detection,and anti-counterfeiting applications[1,2].These materials exhibit distinct visible optical variations upon exposure to external stimuli,such as pressure,temperature,light,solvents,pH fluctuations,or mechanical force.Fluorescent sensing and anti-counterfeiting technologies leveraging these optical responses have emerged as highly promising solutions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.70 2 710 3 8)
文摘Ontology is defined as an explicit specification of a conceptualization. In this paper, an extended ontology model was constructed using description logics, which is a 5-tuples including term set, individual set, term definition set, instantiation assertion set and term restriction set. Based on the extended model, the issue on ontology checking was studied with the conclusion that the four kinds of term checking, including term satisfiability checking, term subsumption checking, term equivalence checking and term disjointness checking, can be reduced to the satisfiability checking, and satisfiability checking can be transformed into instantiation consistence checking.
文摘We demonstrate the flaws of Mao's method, which is an augmentation ofprotocol idealization in BAN-like logics, and then offer some new idealization rules based on Mao'smethod. Furthermore, we give some theoretical analysis of our rules using the strand spaceformalism, and show the soundness of our idealization rules under strand spaces Some examples onusing the new rules to analyze security protocols are also concerned. Our idealization method ismore effective than Mao's method towards many protocol instances, and is supported by a formalmodel.
文摘Neurons with complex-valued weights have stronger capability because of their multi-valued threshold logic. Neurons with such features may be suitable for solution of different kinds of problems including associative memory,image recognition and digital logical mapping. In this paper,robustness or tolerance is introduced and newly defined for this kind of neuron ac-cording to both their mathematical model and the perceptron neuron's definition of robustness. Also,the most robust design for basic digital logics of multiple variables is proposed based on these robust neurons. Our proof procedure shows that,in robust design each weight only takes the value of i or -i,while the value of threshold is with respect to the number of variables. The results demonstrate the validity and simplicity of using robust neurons for realizing arbitrary digital logical functions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (60403027)
文摘This paper proposes an algorithm applied in se mantic P2P network based on the description logics with the purpose for realizing the concepts distribution of resources, which makes the resources semantic locating easy. With the idea of the consistent hashing in the Chord, our algorithm stores the addresses and resources with the values of the same type to select instance. In addition, each peer has its own ontology, which will be completed by the knowledge distributed over the network during the exchange of CHGs （classification hierarchy graphs）. The hierarchy classification of concepts allows to find matching resource by querying to the upper level concept because the all concepts described in the CHG have the same root.
文摘In the quantum mechanical Hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hoc add-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model itself. A model involving a clear probabilistic interpretation from the very beginning is provided by the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. It includes the projection lattices in von Neumann algebras and here probability conditionalization becomes identical with the state transition of the Lueders-von Neumann measurement process. This motivates the definition of a hierarchy of five compatibility and comeasurability levels in the abstract setting of the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. Their meanings are： the absence of quantum interference or influence, the existence of a joint distribution, simultaneous measurability, and the independence of the final state after two successive measurements from the sequential order of these two measurements. A further level means that two elements of the quantum logic （events） belong to the same Boolean subalgebra. In the general case, the five compatibility and comeasurability levels appear to differ, but they all coincide in the common Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics, in von Neumann algebras, and in some other cases.
文摘Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to esti-mate the number. Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both thoseof interest to mathematics and those of interest to philosophy and computer science. (Henceforth Iwill use the term "intelligent systems theory" for the common ground of philosophical logic and
文摘Nonmonotonic reasoning and nonmonotonic truth maintenance are two important research aspects of artificial intelligence, which have close relations. Existing nonmonotonic truth maintenance systems can be used as the theorem provers of conventional nonmonotonic logics, but they can't represent and deal with prioritized nonmonotonic reasoning. This paper presented stratified truth maintenance systems which can represent and deal with prioritized justifications. It will be shown that the stratified ATMS can be used as a theorem prover of prioritized nonmonotonic logics.
文摘Cells are open systems that exchange energy and molecules with their environment.As any material system,they perform all the complex activities required for homeostasis and reproduction,obeying the thermodynamic laws.This viewpoint will argue that the basic logic governing the energy flux required to preserve cell organization and function is simple:to decrease the activation energy(Ea)of specific processes.Almost none of the possible chemical reactions and energy transformations inside a cell occur at a measurable speed at room or body temperature.Enzymes or other macromolecular structures speed up particular transformations by decreasing the corresponding energetic barriers.However,to maintain the systems in a homeostatic state,capable of sophisticated functions based on this simple strategy requires an inconceivably complex solution.The conclusion will point to the challenging and intricate problems that cells have solved to carve the highly regulated channel through which the energy flows,fueling the work of these nanoscale machines.
文摘Description logics (DLs) are a family of logic-based knowledge representation formalisms with a number of computer science applications. DLs are especially well-known to be valuable for obtaining logical foundations of web ontology languages (e.g., W3C’s ontology language OWL). Paraconsistent (or inconsistency-tolerant) description logics (PDLs) have been studied to cope with inconsistencies which may frequently occur in an open world. In this paper, a comparison and survey of PDLs is presented. It is shown that four existing paraconsistent semantics (i.e., four-valued semantics, quasi-classical semantics, single-interpretation semantics and dual-interpretation semantics) for PDLs are essentially the same semantics. To show this, two generalized and extended new semantics are introduced, and an equivalence between them is proved.
