In ghost imaging, an illumination light is split into test and reference beams which pass through two different optical systems respectively and an image is constructed with the second-order correlation between the tw...In ghost imaging, an illumination light is split into test and reference beams which pass through two different optical systems respectively and an image is constructed with the second-order correlation between the two light beams. Since both light beams are diffracted when passing through the optical systems, the spatial resolution of ghost imaging is in general lower than that of a corresponding conventional imaging system. When Gaussian-shaped light spots are used to illuminate an object, randomly scanning across the object plane, in the ghost imaging scheme, we show th√at by localizing central positions of the spots of the reference light beam, the resolution can be increased by a factor of 2^(1/2) same as that of the corresponding conventional imaging system. We also find that the resolution can be further enhanced by setting an appropriate threshold to the bucket measurement of ghost imaging.展开更多
Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the accuracies of arterial stimulation with simultaneous venous sampling(ASVS) in preoperative localization of insulinomas. Materials and Methods: A cohort consisting of 6 ma...Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the accuracies of arterial stimulation with simultaneous venous sampling(ASVS) in preoperative localization of insulinomas. Materials and Methods: A cohort consisting of 6 males and 14 females(median age, 48.5y; range, 28–62y) with pathologically proven insulinomas were included in this study. Selective angiographies were performed with the superior mesenteric artery(SMA), gastroduodenal artery(GDA), proximal splenic artery, and midsplenic artery in all individuals. Then ASVS procedures were followed after angiographies for these arteries. Clinical characteristics of the patient and the tumor number, location, and size were recorded. The accuracy of preoperative localization of insulinomas was tested. Results: A total of 22 tumors were identified by histopathological diagnosis. The mean size of the tumor was 1.40±0.60 cm. Five tumors were in the head/neck region and 17 in the body/tail region. ASVS accurately localized 17/20(85%) cases with only biochemical data and 19/20(95%) cases with biochemical data and angiography images. Variant pancreatic arterial anatomy was revealed in 2 false cases with inferior pancreatic artery replaced by the superior mesenteric artery. Conclusion: ASVS was highly accurate in localizing insulinomas and should be performed in most of the patients with suspected insulinomas before the operation.展开更多
In order to measure the position and orientation of in-vivo medical micro-devices without the line-of- sight constraints, a wireless magnetic sensor is developed for an electromagnetic localization method. In the elec...In order to measure the position and orientation of in-vivo medical micro-devices without the line-of- sight constraints, a wireless magnetic sensor is developed for an electromagnetic localization method. In the electromagnetic localization system, the wireless magnetic sensor is embedded in the micro-devices to measure alternating magnetic signals. The wireless magnetic sensor is composed of an induction coil, a signal processor, a radio frequency （R.F） transmitter, a power manager and batteries. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the induction coil converts the alternating magnetic signals into electrical signals. Via the RF transmitter, the useful data am wirelessly sent outside the body. According to the relation between the magnetic signals and the location, the position and orientation of the micro-devices can be calculated. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of localizing in-vivo medical micro-devices with the wireless magnetic sensor. The novel localization system is accurate and robust.展开更多
In the networking of loitering munitions during a battle,clustering and localizing algorithms become a major problem because of their highly dynamic topological structure,incomplete connectivity,and limited energy.Thi...In the networking of loitering munitions during a battle,clustering and localizing algorithms become a major problem because of their highly dynamic topological structure,incomplete connectivity,and limited energy.This paper proposed swarm intelligence based collaborative localizing,clustering,and routing scheme for an ad hoc network of loitering munitions in a satellite denied environment.A hybrid algorithm was first devised by integrating an improved coyote optimization algorithm with a simplified grey wolf optimizer under the sinusoidal crossover strategy.The performance of this algorithm was considerably improved thanks to integration.On this basis,a swarm intelligence based localizing algorithm was presented.Bounding cubes were created to reduce the initial search space,which effectively lowered the localizing error.Second,an energysaving clustering algorithm based on the hybrid algorithm was put forward to enhance the clustering efficiency by virtue of grey wolf hierarchy.Meanwhile,an analysis model was developed to determine the optimal number of clusters using the lowest possible number of transmissions.Ultimately,a compressed sensing routing scheme based on the hybrid algorithm was proposed to transmit data from a cluster head to a base station.This algorithm constructed an efficient routing tree from the cluster head to the base station,so as to reduce the routing delay and transmission count.As revealed in the results of simulation experiments,the proposed collaborative localizing,clustering and routing algorithms achieved better performance than other popular algorithms employed in various scenarios.展开更多
In this paper,we present a method for localization of a rail autonomous pesticide spraying and sampling robot working in greenhouse using an absolute localization system.Design and implementation of the localization s...In this paper,we present a method for localization of a rail autonomous pesticide spraying and sampling robot working in greenhouse using an absolute localization system.Design and implementation of the localization system comes from the usage of beacon systems each of which is composed of an RF single receiver and an ultrasonic transmitter.The RF single receiver gets the synchronization signal from the mobile robot,and the ultrasonic transmitter sends ultrasonic signal,thus the distance from the beacon to the ultrasonic receiver can be measured.The position of a beacon in coordinate system of robot can be calculated according to distance information from the beacons to two ultrasonic receivers which are mounted on the robot.Based on the coordinate transformation,the position of a mobile robot can be calculated from the beacon＇s absolute position information in the global coordinate system.Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in real world applications.展开更多
Localizing a jammer in an indoor environment in wireless sensor networks becomes a significant research problem due to the ease of blocking the communication between legitimate nodes. An adversary may emit radio frequ...Localizing a jammer in an indoor environment in wireless sensor networks becomes a significant research problem due to the ease of blocking the communication between legitimate nodes. An adversary may emit radio frequency to prevent the transmission between nodes. In this paper, we propose detecting the position of the jammer indoor by using the received signal strength and Kalman filter (KF) to reduce the noise due to the multipath signal caused by obstacles in the indoor environment. We compare our work to the Linear Prediction Algorithm (LP) and Centroid Localization Algorithm (CL). We observed that the Kalman filter has better results when estimating the distance compared to other algorithms.展开更多
Timely acquisition of chicken behavioral information is crucial for assessing chicken health status and production performance.Video-based behavior recognition has emerged as a primary technique for obtaining such inf...Timely acquisition of chicken behavioral information is crucial for assessing chicken health status and production performance.Video-based behavior recognition has emerged as a primary technique for obtaining such information due to its accuracy and robustness.Video-based models generally predict a single behavior from a single video segment of a fixed duration.However,during periods of high activity in poultry,behavior transition may occur within a video segment,and existing models often fail to capture such transitions effectively.This limitation highlights the insufficient temporal resolution of video-based behavior recognition models.This study presents a chicken behavior recognition and localization model,CBLFormer,which is based on spatiotemporal feature learning.The model was designed to recognize behaviors that occur before and after transitions in video segments and to localize the corresponding time interval for each behavior.An improved transformer block,the cascade encoder-decoder network(CEDNet),a transformer-based head,and weighted distance intersection over union(WDIoU)loss were integrated into CBLFormer to enhance the model's ability to distinguish between different behavior categories and locate behavior boundaries.For the training and testing of CBLFormer,a dataset was created by collecting videos from 320 chickens across different ages and rearing densities.The results showed that CBLFormer achieved a mAP@0.5:0.95 of 98.34%on the test set.The integration of CEDNet contributed the most to the performance improvement of CBLFormer.The visualization results confirmed that the model effectively captured the behavioral boundaries of chickens and correctly recognized behavior categories.The transfer learning results demonstrated that the model is applicable to chicken behavior recognition and localization tasks in real-world poultry farms.The proposed method handles cases where poultry behavior transitions occur within the video segment and improves the temporal resolution of video-based behavior recognition models.展开更多
In this research, an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole at subsurface is used to simulate Seismogenic Electromagnetic(SEM) radiation emanating from a seismic zone during its gestation phase. Analytical synthesis of ...In this research, an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole at subsurface is used to simulate Seismogenic Electromagnetic(SEM) radiation emanating from a seismic zone during its gestation phase. Analytical synthesis of responses at the Lijiang magnetotelluric(MT) station has revealed that SEM radiation could induce identifiable anomalies in the electromagnetic(EM)spectrum, apparent resistivity and phase within specific frequency bands. Background variations were extracted from long-term observation data of Dali and Lijiang MT stations, enabling the identification of SEM anomalies related to the Yunlong and Yangbi earthquakes. Multiple parameters of dipole sources at subsurface were obtained by applying the Differential Ant Colony Optimization(DACO) algorithm to anomalous data of two stations with multi-frequencies and various response functions. The spatial distribution of these predicted dipoles is predominantly clustered in or around the seismogenic area, with their azimuthal orientation aligning towards the seismogenic fault in general. This study has demonstrated the potential of using subsurface electric dipole simulations for SEM radiation analysis, offering a feasible approach for the prediction and understanding of seismogenic zones.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two...BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two techniques in treatment-naive HCC.AIM To compare the risk of local tumor progression(LTP)according to the technique;secondary endpoints included technique efficacy rate at one-month,overall survival and major complication rate.METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment-naive HCC ablation by either technique was performed.Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to compare the two groups.Mixed effects multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify risk factors for LTP.RESULTS A total of 362 patients(mean age,66.1±6.2 years,308 men)were included,of which 242(323 tumors)treated by mbp-RFA and 120(168 tumors)by MWA.After a median follow-up of 27 months,cumulative LTP was 11.4%after mbp-RFA and 25.2%after MWA.Independent risk factors for LTP at multivariate analysis were MWA(hazard ratio=2.85,P<0.001)and tumor size(hazard ratio=1.08,P<0.001).Two-year LTP-free survival was higher after mbp-RFA than MWA regardless of size(<3 cm:96%vs 87.1%,P<0.01;≥3 cm:87.5%vs 74%,P=0.04).Technique efficacy rate was higher after mbp-RFA(94.1%vs 87.5%,P=0.01).No difference was observed in major complication rate(9.5%vs 7.5%,P=0.59),nor 5-year overall survival(63.6%vs 58.3%,P=0.33).CONCLUSION Mbp-RFA leads to better local tumor control of treatment-naïve HCC than MWA regardless of tumor size and has better primary efficacy,while maintaining a comparable safety profile.展开更多
BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically...BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically experience a poor prognosis,highlighting an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches.This study evaluated the overall efficacy and safety of CMT vs CMT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of EC patients with liver metastases.Furthermore,prognostic factors influencing outcomes in this patient population were identified.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for EC patients with liver metastases and to analyze prognostic factors.METHODS This retrospective study included 126 EC patients with liver metastases at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 2014 and 2024.Patients receiving CMT were compared with those receiving CMT+ICI.Analyzed variables included clinicopathological features,treatment history,characteristics of metastasis,systemic and local treatments,overall survival(OS),and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models.Finally,efficacy outcomes and TRAE profiles were compared between the two groups.RESULTS A significant difference in median OS was identified between the two groups(10.8 months in the CMT group vs 20.8 months in the CMT+ICI group,P=0.004).The CMT+ICI group also demonstrated a significantly longer median progression-free survival of 11.7 months(P<0.001).Patients receiving combination therapy exhibited significantly improved systemic objective response rate and disease control rate.Multivariate analysis identified key factors significantly influencing OS in EC patients with liver metastases:Karnofsky Performance Status score≥70,receipt of local therapy for liver metastases,and the number of cycles of CMT and immunotherapy received.Furthermore,the incidence of TRAEs did not significantly differ between the CMT+ICI and CMT groups.CONCLUSION For EC patients with liver metastases,the combination of CMT and ICIs demonstrates significantly superior efficacy compared with CMT alone,while maintaining manageable TRAEs.展开更多
This paper investigates the following mixed local and nonlocal elliptic problem fea-turing concave-convex nonlinearities and a discontinuous right-hand side:{L(u)=H(u−μ)|u|^(p−2)u+λ|u|^(q−2)u,x∈Ω,u≥0,x∈Ω,u=0,x...This paper investigates the following mixed local and nonlocal elliptic problem fea-turing concave-convex nonlinearities and a discontinuous right-hand side:{L(u)=H(u−μ)|u|^(p−2)u+λ|u|^(q−2)u,x∈Ω,u≥0,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈R^(N)\Ω,where Ω R^(N)(N>2)is a bounded domain,μ≥0 and λ>0 are real parameters,H denotes the Heaviside function(H(t)=0 for t<0,H(t)=1 for t>0),and the mixed local and nolocal operator is defined as L(u)=−Δu+(−Δ)^(s)u with(−Δ)^(s) being the restricted fractional Laplace(0<s<1).The exponents satisfy 1<q<2<p.By employing a novel non-smooth variational principle,we establish the existence of an M-solution for this problem and identify a range for the exponent p.展开更多
Cell function has a tight relationship with cell architecture.Distribution of proteins to the correct compartment is one of the functions of the traffic pathway through the Golgi apparatus.The others are to ensure pro...Cell function has a tight relationship with cell architecture.Distribution of proteins to the correct compartment is one of the functions of the traffic pathway through the Golgi apparatus.The others are to ensure proper protein folding,the addition of post-translational modifications,and delivering to intracellular and extracellular destinations.Astrocytes are fundamental homeostatic cells,controlling multiple aspects of the central nervous system physiology,such as ion balance,nutrients,blood flow,neurotransmitters,and responses to insults.Astrocytes are polarized cells,and,such as neurons,extensively use the secretory pathway for secreting factors and exposing functional receptors,channels,and transporters on the plasma membrane.In this review,we will underline the importance of studying the Golgi apparatus and the secretory pathway in astrocytes,based on the possible tight connection between the Golgi apparatus and astrocytes’homeostatic function.Given the topic of this review,we will provide examples mostly about the Golgi apparatus structure,function,localization,and its involvement in astrocytes’homeostatic response,with an insight into congenital glycosylation disorders,as an example of a potential future field in the study of astrocyte homeostatic failure and Golgi apparatus alteration.展开更多
A directional random laser mediated by transverse Anderson localization in a disordered glass optical fiber is reported.Previous demonstrations of random lasers have found limited applications because of their multi-d...A directional random laser mediated by transverse Anderson localization in a disordered glass optical fiber is reported.Previous demonstrations of random lasers have found limited applications because of their multi-directionality and chaotic fluctuations in the laser emission.The random laser presented in this paper operates in the Anderson localization regime.The disorder induced localized states form isolated local channels that make the output laser beam highly directional and stabilize its spectrum.The strong transverse disorder and longitudinal invariance result in isolated lasing modes with negligible interaction with their surroundings,traveling back and forth in a Fabry–Perot cavity formed by the air–fiber interfaces.It is shown that if a localized input pump is scanned across the disordered fiber input facet,the output laser signal follows the transverse position of the pump.Moreover,a uniformly distributed pump across the input facet of the disordered fiber generates a laser signal with very low spatial coherence that can be of practical importance in many optical platforms including image transport with fiber bundles.展开更多
We demonstrate a deep-learning-based fiber imaging system that can transfer real-time artifact-free cell images through a meter-long Anderson localizing optical fiber.The cell samples are illuminated by an incoherent ...We demonstrate a deep-learning-based fiber imaging system that can transfer real-time artifact-free cell images through a meter-long Anderson localizing optical fiber.The cell samples are illuminated by an incoherent LED light source.A deep convolutional neural network is applied to the image reconstruction process.The network training uses data generated by a setup with straight fiber at room temperature(∼20°C)but can be utilized directly for high-fidelity reconstruction of cell images that are transported through fiber with a few degrees bend or fiber with segments heated up to 50°C.In addition,cell images located several millimeters away from the bare fiber end can be transported and recovered successfully without the assistance of distal optics.We provide evidence that the trained neural network is able to transfer its learning to recover images of cells featuring very different morphologies and classes that are never“seen”during the training process.展开更多
Freight has become one of the major contributors to air pollution.This research proposes a method to systematically estimate truck vehicle emissions at the road segment level through localizing MOVES,a widely-used veh...Freight has become one of the major contributors to air pollution.This research proposes a method to systematically estimate truck vehicle emissions at the road segment level through localizing MOVES,a widely-used vehicle emission estimation model.We first design a protocol of converting percentage values of rotating speed and torque of engine to second-by-second vehicle speed to accommodate the differences between driving cycles adopted in local emission standards and those used in MOVES.In order to identify the best model year for estimating emissions under different local emission standards,we propose an approach of comparing emission outcomes rather than emission factors,considering the differences in unit used between MOVES and emission standards.To calculate road seg mentlevel emission factors,we weight original factors by integrating vehicle fleet informa tion which contains the shares of vehicles under different emission standards and at different ages.We apply the approach to a major freight corridor area in Shanghai and cal culate emission factors by air pollutant,average speed of road sections,and road type.Dynamic emissions of each road section per hour are calculated to reflect the spatial dis tribution of truck emissions.The research outcomes may help local departments,especially in developing countries,better estimate freight vehicle emissions and make policies corre spondingly to control their impacts on public health.展开更多
Recently,advanced sensing techniques ensure a large number of multivariate sensing data for intelligent fault diagnosis of machines.Given the advantage of obtaining accurate diagnosis results,multi-sensor fusion has l...Recently,advanced sensing techniques ensure a large number of multivariate sensing data for intelligent fault diagnosis of machines.Given the advantage of obtaining accurate diagnosis results,multi-sensor fusion has long been studied in the fault diagnosis field.However,existing studies suffer from two weaknesses.First,the relations of multiple sensors are either neglected or calculated only to improve the diagnostic accuracy of fault types.Second,the localization for multi-source faults is seldom investigated,although locating the anomaly variable over multivariate sensing data for certain types of faults is desirable.This article attempts to overcome the above weaknesses by proposing a global method to recognize fault types and localize fault sources with the help of multi-sensor relations(MSRs).First,an MSR model is developed to learn MSRs automatically and further obtain fault recognition results.Second,centrality measures are employed to analyze the MSR graphs learned by the MSR model,and fault sources are therefore determined.The proposed method is demonstrated by experiments on an induction motor and a centrifugal pump.Results show the proposed method’s validity in diagnosing fault types and sources.展开更多
Machine learning algorithms operating in an unsupervised fashion has emerged as promising tools for detecting structural damage in an automated fashion.Its essence relies on selecting appropriate features to train the...Machine learning algorithms operating in an unsupervised fashion has emerged as promising tools for detecting structural damage in an automated fashion.Its essence relies on selecting appropriate features to train the model using the reference data set collected from the healthy structure and employing the trained model to identify outlier conditions representing the damaged state.In this paper,the coefficients and the residuals of the autoregressive model with exogenous input created using only the measured output signals are extracted as damage features.These features obtained at the baseline state for each sensor cluster are then utilized to train the one class support vector machine,an unsupervised classifier generating a decision function using only patterns belonging to this baseline state.Structural damage,once detected by the trained machine,a damage index based on comparison of the residuals between the trained class and the outlier state is implemented for localizing damage.The two-step damage assessment framework is first implemented on an eight degree-of-freedom numerical model with the effects of measurement noise integrated.Subsequently,vibration data collected from a one-story one-bay reinforced concrete frame inflicted with progressive levels of damage have been utilized to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology.展开更多
The Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region has an active gaming community,with Arab gamers being reliant on games produced in Europe,America,and Japan due to the lack of significant game production companies in the ...The Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region has an active gaming community,with Arab gamers being reliant on games produced in Europe,America,and Japan due to the lack of significant game production companies in the MENA region.This study explores the gamers’reactions to the localization process of two video games,namely PUBG and Free Fire.For data collection purposes,a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that consisted of 18 items and six constructs,namely need for subtitled games,technical aspects,language issues,language preference,attitudes to game localization,and future actions and recommendations,was designed to elicit the reactions of 112 participants.Upon analyzing the responses,the findings showed that the better the technical aspects and language issues of the games’performance,the more positive participants’attitudes to game localization.The study recommends that further research could be conducted on the localization of video games with different themes into Arabic.展开更多
The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile testing.In-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmiss...The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile testing.In-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the progressive transformation-induced plasticity process and associated fracture initiation mechanisms.These findings were discussed with the local strain measurements via digital image correlation.The results indicated that Lüders band formation in the steel was limited to 1.5%strain,which was mainly due to the early-stage martensitic phase transformation of a very small amount of the less stable large-sized retained austenite(RA),which led to localized stress concentrations and strain hardening and further retardation of yielding.The small-sized RA exhibited high stability and progressively transformed into martensite and contributed to a stably extended Portevin-Le Chatelier effect.The volume fraction of RA gradually decreased from 26.8%to 8.2%prior to fracture.In the late deformation stage,fracture initiation primarily occurred at the austenite/martensite and ferrite/martensite interfaces and the ferrite phase.展开更多
In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):104...In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):1045-1049]and Monrad and Rootzén[Probab.Theory Related Fields,1995,101(2):173-192].展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11534008,11605126,and 11804271)the Fund from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2016YFA0301404)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2017JQ1025)the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant Nos.2016M592772 and 2018M631137)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘In ghost imaging, an illumination light is split into test and reference beams which pass through two different optical systems respectively and an image is constructed with the second-order correlation between the two light beams. Since both light beams are diffracted when passing through the optical systems, the spatial resolution of ghost imaging is in general lower than that of a corresponding conventional imaging system. When Gaussian-shaped light spots are used to illuminate an object, randomly scanning across the object plane, in the ghost imaging scheme, we show th√at by localizing central positions of the spots of the reference light beam, the resolution can be increased by a factor of 2^(1/2) same as that of the corresponding conventional imaging system. We also find that the resolution can be further enhanced by setting an appropriate threshold to the bucket measurement of ghost imaging.
基金This work was supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(16PJ1406200)the Scientific Research Innovation Projects of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(15ZZ060)
文摘Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the accuracies of arterial stimulation with simultaneous venous sampling(ASVS) in preoperative localization of insulinomas. Materials and Methods: A cohort consisting of 6 males and 14 females(median age, 48.5y; range, 28–62y) with pathologically proven insulinomas were included in this study. Selective angiographies were performed with the superior mesenteric artery(SMA), gastroduodenal artery(GDA), proximal splenic artery, and midsplenic artery in all individuals. Then ASVS procedures were followed after angiographies for these arteries. Clinical characteristics of the patient and the tumor number, location, and size were recorded. The accuracy of preoperative localization of insulinomas was tested. Results: A total of 22 tumors were identified by histopathological diagnosis. The mean size of the tumor was 1.40±0.60 cm. Five tumors were in the head/neck region and 17 in the body/tail region. ASVS accurately localized 17/20(85%) cases with only biochemical data and 19/20(95%) cases with biochemical data and angiography images. Variant pancreatic arterial anatomy was revealed in 2 false cases with inferior pancreatic artery replaced by the superior mesenteric artery. Conclusion: ASVS was highly accurate in localizing insulinomas and should be performed in most of the patients with suspected insulinomas before the operation.
基金Sup.ported by the High TechnologyResearch and Development Programme of China （No.2006AA04Z368）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30900320, 30570485） and Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission （No. 10YZ93）.
文摘In order to measure the position and orientation of in-vivo medical micro-devices without the line-of- sight constraints, a wireless magnetic sensor is developed for an electromagnetic localization method. In the electromagnetic localization system, the wireless magnetic sensor is embedded in the micro-devices to measure alternating magnetic signals. The wireless magnetic sensor is composed of an induction coil, a signal processor, a radio frequency （R.F） transmitter, a power manager and batteries. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the induction coil converts the alternating magnetic signals into electrical signals. Via the RF transmitter, the useful data am wirelessly sent outside the body. According to the relation between the magnetic signals and the location, the position and orientation of the micro-devices can be calculated. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of localizing in-vivo medical micro-devices with the wireless magnetic sensor. The novel localization system is accurate and robust.
文摘In the networking of loitering munitions during a battle,clustering and localizing algorithms become a major problem because of their highly dynamic topological structure,incomplete connectivity,and limited energy.This paper proposed swarm intelligence based collaborative localizing,clustering,and routing scheme for an ad hoc network of loitering munitions in a satellite denied environment.A hybrid algorithm was first devised by integrating an improved coyote optimization algorithm with a simplified grey wolf optimizer under the sinusoidal crossover strategy.The performance of this algorithm was considerably improved thanks to integration.On this basis,a swarm intelligence based localizing algorithm was presented.Bounding cubes were created to reduce the initial search space,which effectively lowered the localizing error.Second,an energysaving clustering algorithm based on the hybrid algorithm was put forward to enhance the clustering efficiency by virtue of grey wolf hierarchy.Meanwhile,an analysis model was developed to determine the optimal number of clusters using the lowest possible number of transmissions.Ultimately,a compressed sensing routing scheme based on the hybrid algorithm was proposed to transmit data from a cluster head to a base station.This algorithm constructed an efficient routing tree from the cluster head to the base station,so as to reduce the routing delay and transmission count.As revealed in the results of simulation experiments,the proposed collaborative localizing,clustering and routing algorithms achieved better performance than other popular algorithms employed in various scenarios.
基金supported by the MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2010-C1090-1021-0010)
文摘In this paper,we present a method for localization of a rail autonomous pesticide spraying and sampling robot working in greenhouse using an absolute localization system.Design and implementation of the localization system comes from the usage of beacon systems each of which is composed of an RF single receiver and an ultrasonic transmitter.The RF single receiver gets the synchronization signal from the mobile robot,and the ultrasonic transmitter sends ultrasonic signal,thus the distance from the beacon to the ultrasonic receiver can be measured.The position of a beacon in coordinate system of robot can be calculated according to distance information from the beacons to two ultrasonic receivers which are mounted on the robot.Based on the coordinate transformation,the position of a mobile robot can be calculated from the beacon＇s absolute position information in the global coordinate system.Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in real world applications.
文摘Localizing a jammer in an indoor environment in wireless sensor networks becomes a significant research problem due to the ease of blocking the communication between legitimate nodes. An adversary may emit radio frequency to prevent the transmission between nodes. In this paper, we propose detecting the position of the jammer indoor by using the received signal strength and Kalman filter (KF) to reduce the noise due to the multipath signal caused by obstacles in the indoor environment. We compare our work to the Linear Prediction Algorithm (LP) and Centroid Localization Algorithm (CL). We observed that the Kalman filter has better results when estimating the distance compared to other algorithms.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202457020).
文摘Timely acquisition of chicken behavioral information is crucial for assessing chicken health status and production performance.Video-based behavior recognition has emerged as a primary technique for obtaining such information due to its accuracy and robustness.Video-based models generally predict a single behavior from a single video segment of a fixed duration.However,during periods of high activity in poultry,behavior transition may occur within a video segment,and existing models often fail to capture such transitions effectively.This limitation highlights the insufficient temporal resolution of video-based behavior recognition models.This study presents a chicken behavior recognition and localization model,CBLFormer,which is based on spatiotemporal feature learning.The model was designed to recognize behaviors that occur before and after transitions in video segments and to localize the corresponding time interval for each behavior.An improved transformer block,the cascade encoder-decoder network(CEDNet),a transformer-based head,and weighted distance intersection over union(WDIoU)loss were integrated into CBLFormer to enhance the model's ability to distinguish between different behavior categories and locate behavior boundaries.For the training and testing of CBLFormer,a dataset was created by collecting videos from 320 chickens across different ages and rearing densities.The results showed that CBLFormer achieved a mAP@0.5:0.95 of 98.34%on the test set.The integration of CEDNet contributed the most to the performance improvement of CBLFormer.The visualization results confirmed that the model effectively captured the behavioral boundaries of chickens and correctly recognized behavior categories.The transfer learning results demonstrated that the model is applicable to chicken behavior recognition and localization tasks in real-world poultry farms.The proposed method handles cases where poultry behavior transitions occur within the video segment and improves the temporal resolution of video-based behavior recognition models.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41574064)the Independent Research Projects of State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (Grant No. LED2023A07)the National Major Science and Technology Facilities Project (Grant No. 1512Z0000001)。
文摘In this research, an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole at subsurface is used to simulate Seismogenic Electromagnetic(SEM) radiation emanating from a seismic zone during its gestation phase. Analytical synthesis of responses at the Lijiang magnetotelluric(MT) station has revealed that SEM radiation could induce identifiable anomalies in the electromagnetic(EM)spectrum, apparent resistivity and phase within specific frequency bands. Background variations were extracted from long-term observation data of Dali and Lijiang MT stations, enabling the identification of SEM anomalies related to the Yunlong and Yangbi earthquakes. Multiple parameters of dipole sources at subsurface were obtained by applying the Differential Ant Colony Optimization(DACO) algorithm to anomalous data of two stations with multi-frequencies and various response functions. The spatial distribution of these predicted dipoles is predominantly clustered in or around the seismogenic area, with their azimuthal orientation aligning towards the seismogenic fault in general. This study has demonstrated the potential of using subsurface electric dipole simulations for SEM radiation analysis, offering a feasible approach for the prediction and understanding of seismogenic zones.
文摘BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two techniques in treatment-naive HCC.AIM To compare the risk of local tumor progression(LTP)according to the technique;secondary endpoints included technique efficacy rate at one-month,overall survival and major complication rate.METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment-naive HCC ablation by either technique was performed.Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to compare the two groups.Mixed effects multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify risk factors for LTP.RESULTS A total of 362 patients(mean age,66.1±6.2 years,308 men)were included,of which 242(323 tumors)treated by mbp-RFA and 120(168 tumors)by MWA.After a median follow-up of 27 months,cumulative LTP was 11.4%after mbp-RFA and 25.2%after MWA.Independent risk factors for LTP at multivariate analysis were MWA(hazard ratio=2.85,P<0.001)and tumor size(hazard ratio=1.08,P<0.001).Two-year LTP-free survival was higher after mbp-RFA than MWA regardless of size(<3 cm:96%vs 87.1%,P<0.01;≥3 cm:87.5%vs 74%,P=0.04).Technique efficacy rate was higher after mbp-RFA(94.1%vs 87.5%,P=0.01).No difference was observed in major complication rate(9.5%vs 7.5%,P=0.59),nor 5-year overall survival(63.6%vs 58.3%,P=0.33).CONCLUSION Mbp-RFA leads to better local tumor control of treatment-naïve HCC than MWA regardless of tumor size and has better primary efficacy,while maintaining a comparable safety profile.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82303672Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission and Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine through the Targeted Project for Medical and Health Research,No.2025ZL017and China Primary Health Care Foundation,No.ZLMY20240311001ZJ.
文摘BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically experience a poor prognosis,highlighting an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches.This study evaluated the overall efficacy and safety of CMT vs CMT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of EC patients with liver metastases.Furthermore,prognostic factors influencing outcomes in this patient population were identified.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for EC patients with liver metastases and to analyze prognostic factors.METHODS This retrospective study included 126 EC patients with liver metastases at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 2014 and 2024.Patients receiving CMT were compared with those receiving CMT+ICI.Analyzed variables included clinicopathological features,treatment history,characteristics of metastasis,systemic and local treatments,overall survival(OS),and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models.Finally,efficacy outcomes and TRAE profiles were compared between the two groups.RESULTS A significant difference in median OS was identified between the two groups(10.8 months in the CMT group vs 20.8 months in the CMT+ICI group,P=0.004).The CMT+ICI group also demonstrated a significantly longer median progression-free survival of 11.7 months(P<0.001).Patients receiving combination therapy exhibited significantly improved systemic objective response rate and disease control rate.Multivariate analysis identified key factors significantly influencing OS in EC patients with liver metastases:Karnofsky Performance Status score≥70,receipt of local therapy for liver metastases,and the number of cycles of CMT and immunotherapy received.Furthermore,the incidence of TRAEs did not significantly differ between the CMT+ICI and CMT groups.CONCLUSION For EC patients with liver metastases,the combination of CMT and ICIs demonstrates significantly superior efficacy compared with CMT alone,while maintaining manageable TRAEs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12361026)the Discipline Con-struction Fund Project of Northwest Minzu University.
文摘This paper investigates the following mixed local and nonlocal elliptic problem fea-turing concave-convex nonlinearities and a discontinuous right-hand side:{L(u)=H(u−μ)|u|^(p−2)u+λ|u|^(q−2)u,x∈Ω,u≥0,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈R^(N)\Ω,where Ω R^(N)(N>2)is a bounded domain,μ≥0 and λ>0 are real parameters,H denotes the Heaviside function(H(t)=0 for t<0,H(t)=1 for t>0),and the mixed local and nolocal operator is defined as L(u)=−Δu+(−Δ)^(s)u with(−Δ)^(s) being the restricted fractional Laplace(0<s<1).The exponents satisfy 1<q<2<p.By employing a novel non-smooth variational principle,we establish the existence of an M-solution for this problem and identify a range for the exponent p.
文摘Cell function has a tight relationship with cell architecture.Distribution of proteins to the correct compartment is one of the functions of the traffic pathway through the Golgi apparatus.The others are to ensure proper protein folding,the addition of post-translational modifications,and delivering to intracellular and extracellular destinations.Astrocytes are fundamental homeostatic cells,controlling multiple aspects of the central nervous system physiology,such as ion balance,nutrients,blood flow,neurotransmitters,and responses to insults.Astrocytes are polarized cells,and,such as neurons,extensively use the secretory pathway for secreting factors and exposing functional receptors,channels,and transporters on the plasma membrane.In this review,we will underline the importance of studying the Golgi apparatus and the secretory pathway in astrocytes,based on the possible tight connection between the Golgi apparatus and astrocytes’homeostatic function.Given the topic of this review,we will provide examples mostly about the Golgi apparatus structure,function,localization,and its involvement in astrocytes’homeostatic response,with an insight into congenital glycosylation disorders,as an example of a potential future field in the study of astrocyte homeostatic failure and Golgi apparatus alteration.
文摘A directional random laser mediated by transverse Anderson localization in a disordered glass optical fiber is reported.Previous demonstrations of random lasers have found limited applications because of their multi-directionality and chaotic fluctuations in the laser emission.The random laser presented in this paper operates in the Anderson localization regime.The disorder induced localized states form isolated local channels that make the output laser beam highly directional and stabilize its spectrum.The strong transverse disorder and longitudinal invariance result in isolated lasing modes with negligible interaction with their surroundings,traveling back and forth in a Fabry–Perot cavity formed by the air–fiber interfaces.It is shown that if a localized input pump is scanned across the disordered fiber input facet,the output laser signal follows the transverse position of the pump.Moreover,a uniformly distributed pump across the input facet of the disordered fiber generates a laser signal with very low spatial coherence that can be of practical importance in many optical platforms including image transport with fiber bundles.
文摘We demonstrate a deep-learning-based fiber imaging system that can transfer real-time artifact-free cell images through a meter-long Anderson localizing optical fiber.The cell samples are illuminated by an incoherent LED light source.A deep convolutional neural network is applied to the image reconstruction process.The network training uses data generated by a setup with straight fiber at room temperature(∼20°C)but can be utilized directly for high-fidelity reconstruction of cell images that are transported through fiber with a few degrees bend or fiber with segments heated up to 50°C.In addition,cell images located several millimeters away from the bare fiber end can be transported and recovered successfully without the assistance of distal optics.We provide evidence that the trained neural network is able to transfer its learning to recover images of cells featuring very different morphologies and classes that are never“seen”during the training process.
基金The research is also supported by the Shanghai sailing project(Grant ID 20YF1451700)Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment(Grant ID Huhuanke 2022-25).
文摘Freight has become one of the major contributors to air pollution.This research proposes a method to systematically estimate truck vehicle emissions at the road segment level through localizing MOVES,a widely-used vehicle emission estimation model.We first design a protocol of converting percentage values of rotating speed and torque of engine to second-by-second vehicle speed to accommodate the differences between driving cycles adopted in local emission standards and those used in MOVES.In order to identify the best model year for estimating emissions under different local emission standards,we propose an approach of comparing emission outcomes rather than emission factors,considering the differences in unit used between MOVES and emission standards.To calculate road seg mentlevel emission factors,we weight original factors by integrating vehicle fleet informa tion which contains the shares of vehicles under different emission standards and at different ages.We apply the approach to a major freight corridor area in Shanghai and cal culate emission factors by air pollutant,average speed of road sections,and road type.Dynamic emissions of each road section per hour are calculated to reflect the spatial dis tribution of truck emissions.The research outcomes may help local departments,especially in developing countries,better estimate freight vehicle emissions and make policies corre spondingly to control their impacts on public health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52025056)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Recently,advanced sensing techniques ensure a large number of multivariate sensing data for intelligent fault diagnosis of machines.Given the advantage of obtaining accurate diagnosis results,multi-sensor fusion has long been studied in the fault diagnosis field.However,existing studies suffer from two weaknesses.First,the relations of multiple sensors are either neglected or calculated only to improve the diagnostic accuracy of fault types.Second,the localization for multi-source faults is seldom investigated,although locating the anomaly variable over multivariate sensing data for certain types of faults is desirable.This article attempts to overcome the above weaknesses by proposing a global method to recognize fault types and localize fault sources with the help of multi-sensor relations(MSRs).First,an MSR model is developed to learn MSRs automatically and further obtain fault recognition results.Second,centrality measures are employed to analyze the MSR graphs learned by the MSR model,and fault sources are therefore determined.The proposed method is demonstrated by experiments on an induction motor and a centrifugal pump.Results show the proposed method’s validity in diagnosing fault types and sources.
基金funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye(TÜBİTAK).
文摘Machine learning algorithms operating in an unsupervised fashion has emerged as promising tools for detecting structural damage in an automated fashion.Its essence relies on selecting appropriate features to train the model using the reference data set collected from the healthy structure and employing the trained model to identify outlier conditions representing the damaged state.In this paper,the coefficients and the residuals of the autoregressive model with exogenous input created using only the measured output signals are extracted as damage features.These features obtained at the baseline state for each sensor cluster are then utilized to train the one class support vector machine,an unsupervised classifier generating a decision function using only patterns belonging to this baseline state.Structural damage,once detected by the trained machine,a damage index based on comparison of the residuals between the trained class and the outlier state is implemented for localizing damage.The two-step damage assessment framework is first implemented on an eight degree-of-freedom numerical model with the effects of measurement noise integrated.Subsequently,vibration data collected from a one-story one-bay reinforced concrete frame inflicted with progressive levels of damage have been utilized to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology.
基金This work was supported by the Literature,Publishing and Translation Commission,Ministry of Culture,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(No.135/2022)as part of the Arabic Observatory of Translation.
文摘The Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region has an active gaming community,with Arab gamers being reliant on games produced in Europe,America,and Japan due to the lack of significant game production companies in the MENA region.This study explores the gamers’reactions to the localization process of two video games,namely PUBG and Free Fire.For data collection purposes,a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that consisted of 18 items and six constructs,namely need for subtitled games,technical aspects,language issues,language preference,attitudes to game localization,and future actions and recommendations,was designed to elicit the reactions of 112 participants.Upon analyzing the responses,the findings showed that the better the technical aspects and language issues of the games’performance,the more positive participants’attitudes to game localization.The study recommends that further research could be conducted on the localization of video games with different themes into Arabic.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0304402)。
文摘The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile testing.In-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the progressive transformation-induced plasticity process and associated fracture initiation mechanisms.These findings were discussed with the local strain measurements via digital image correlation.The results indicated that Lüders band formation in the steel was limited to 1.5%strain,which was mainly due to the early-stage martensitic phase transformation of a very small amount of the less stable large-sized retained austenite(RA),which led to localized stress concentrations and strain hardening and further retardation of yielding.The small-sized RA exhibited high stability and progressively transformed into martensite and contributed to a stably extended Portevin-Le Chatelier effect.The volume fraction of RA gradually decreased from 26.8%to 8.2%prior to fracture.In the late deformation stage,fracture initiation primarily occurred at the austenite/martensite and ferrite/martensite interfaces and the ferrite phase.
基金Supported by NSFC(Nos.11661025,12161024)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Nos.2020GXNSFAA159118,2021GXNSFAA196045)+2 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Project(No.Guike AD20297006)Training Program for 1000 Young and Middle-aged Cadre Teachers in Universities of GuangxiNational College Student's Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202110595049)。
文摘In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):1045-1049]and Monrad and Rootzén[Probab.Theory Related Fields,1995,101(2):173-192].
