The mobile sound source localization system is a technology that can track and locate mobile sound sources in real time and has broad application prospects in many fields.This article first provides an overview of the...The mobile sound source localization system is a technology that can track and locate mobile sound sources in real time and has broad application prospects in many fields.This article first provides an overview of the mobile sound source localization system,introducing its concept and composition,as well as its design and application significance.It elaborates on the importance of the mobile sound source localization system from multiple aspects,such as safety,production,and daily life,and deeply explores its design and application strategies.The problems faced by the mobile sound source localization system and its future development direction were pointed out.展开更多
In this paper, we integrate inertial navigation system (INS) with wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance the accuracy of indoor localization. Inertial measurement unit (IMU), the core of the INS, measures the accele...In this paper, we integrate inertial navigation system (INS) with wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance the accuracy of indoor localization. Inertial measurement unit (IMU), the core of the INS, measures the accelerated and angular rotated speed of moving objects. Meanwhile, the ranges from the object to beacons, which are sensor nodes with known coordinates, are collected by time of arrival (ToA) approach. These messages are simultaneously collected and transmitted to the terminal. At the terminal, we set up the state transition models and observation models. According to them, several recursive Bayesian algorithms are applied to producing position estimations. As shown in the experiments, all of three algorithms do not require constant moving speed and perform better than standalone ToA system or standalone IMU system. And within them, two algorithms can be applied for the tracking on any path which is not restricted by the requirement that the trajectory between the positions at two consecutive time steps is a straight line.展开更多
The paper proposes an Indoor Localization System(ILS)which uses only one fixed Base Station(BS)with simple non-reconfigurable antennas.The proposed algorithm measures Received Signal Strength(RSS)and maps it to the lo...The paper proposes an Indoor Localization System(ILS)which uses only one fixed Base Station(BS)with simple non-reconfigurable antennas.The proposed algorithm measures Received Signal Strength(RSS)and maps it to the location in the room by estimating signal strength of a direct line of sight(LOS)signal and signal of the first order reflection from the wall.The algorithm is evaluated through both simulations and empirical measurements in a furnished open space office,sampling 21 different locations in the room.It is demonstrated the system can identify user’s real-time location with a maximum estimation error below 0.7 m for 80%confidence Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF)user level,demonstrating the ability to accurately estimate the receiver’s location within the room.The system is intended as a cost-efficient indoor localization technique,offering simplicity and easy integration with existing wireless communication systems.Unlike comparable single base station localization techniques,the proposed system does not require beam scanning,offering stable communication capacity while performing the localization process.展开更多
Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the fe...Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the feasibility of the method,the model and construction of the localization system are detailed.And static and dynamic accuracy of the localization system are tested by experiments.Next,we compare the simulating results of the electromagnetic radiation aroused by the localization system with the electromagnetic safety standards of human(ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standard C95.1-1991).Finally,in terms of the results of the static and dynamic experiments,conclusions are drawn that the accuracy of portable positioning system is high(less than 10 mm)enough to satisfy the localization need of the micro invasive medical devices in vivo,and there is no harm of electromagnetic radiation to human.展开更多
Accurate vehicle localization is a key technology for autonomous driving tasks in indoor parking lots,such as automated valet parking.Additionally,infrastructure-based cooperative driving systems have become a means t...Accurate vehicle localization is a key technology for autonomous driving tasks in indoor parking lots,such as automated valet parking.Additionally,infrastructure-based cooperative driving systems have become a means to realizing intelligent driving.In this paper,we propose a novel and practical vehicle localization system using infrastructure-based RGB-D cameras for indoor parking lots.In the proposed system,we design a depth data preprocessing method with both simplicity and efficiency to reduce the computational burden resulting from a large amount of data.Meanwhile,the hardware synchronization for all cameras in the sensor network is not implemented owing to the disadvantage that it is extremely cumbersome and would significantly reduce the scalability of our system in mass deployments.Hence,to address the problem of data distortion accompanying vehicle motion,we propose a vehicle localization method by performing template point cloud registration in distributed depth data.Finally,a complete hardware system was built to verify the feasibility of our solution in a real-world environment.Experiments in an indoor parking lot demonstrated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed vehicle localization system,with a maximum root mean squared error of 5 cm at 15Hz compared with the ground truth.展开更多
Most studies on device-free localization currently focus on single-person scenarios.This paper proposes a novel method for device-free localization that utilizes ZigBee received signal strength indication(RSSI)and a T...Most studies on device-free localization currently focus on single-person scenarios.This paper proposes a novel method for device-free localization that utilizes ZigBee received signal strength indication(RSSI)and a Transformer network structure.The method aims to address the limited research and low accuracy of two-person device-free localization.This paper first describes the construction of the sensor network used for collecting ZigBee RSSI.It then examines the format and features of ZigBee data packages.The algorithm design of this paper is then introduced.The box plot method is used to identify abnormal data points,and a neural network is used to establish the mapping model between ZigBee RSSI matrix and localization coordinates.This neural network includes a Transformer encoder layer as the encoder and a fully connected network as the decoder.The proposed method's classification accuracy was experimentally tested in an online test stage,resulting in an accuracy rate of 98.79%.In conclusion,the proposed two-person localization system is novel and has demonstrated high accuracy.展开更多
Localization using a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a field of interest for researchers in the past years. This information is expected to aid in routing, systems maintenance and health monitoring. For examp...Localization using a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a field of interest for researchers in the past years. This information is expected to aid in routing, systems maintenance and health monitoring. For example, many projects aiming to monitor the elderly at home include a personal area network (PAN) which can provide current location of the patient to the medical staff. This article presents an overview of the current trends in this domain. We introduce the mathematical tools used to determine position then we introduce a selection of range-free and range-based proposals. Finally, we provide a comparison of these techniques and suggest possible areas of improvement.展开更多
As an essential part of artificial intelligence,many works focus on image processing which is the branch of computer vision.Nevertheless,image localization faces complex challenges in image processing with image data ...As an essential part of artificial intelligence,many works focus on image processing which is the branch of computer vision.Nevertheless,image localization faces complex challenges in image processing with image data increases.At the same time,quantum computing has the unique advantages of improving computing power and reducing energy consumption.So,combining the advantage of quantum computing is necessary for studying the quantum image localization algorithms.At present,many quantum image localization algorithms have been proposed,and their efficiency is theoretically higher than the corresponding classical algorithms.But,in quantum computing experiments,quantum gates in quantum computing hardware need to work at very low temperatures,which brings great challenges to experiments.This paper proposes a single-photon-based quantum image localization algorithm based on the fundamental theory of single-photon image classification.This scheme realizes the operation of the mixed national institute of standards and technology database(MNIST)quantum image localization by a learned transformation for non-noise condition,noisy condition,and environmental attack condition,respectively.Compared with the regular use of entanglement between multi-qubits and low-temperature noise reduction conditions for image localization,the advantage of this method is that it does not deliberately require low temperature and entanglement resources,and it improves the lower bound of the localization success rate.This method paves a way to study quantum computer vision.展开更多
An accurate low-cost ultrasonic localization system is de- veloped for automated mobile robots in indoor environments, which is essential for automatic navigation of mobile robots with various tasks. Although ultrasen...An accurate low-cost ultrasonic localization system is de- veloped for automated mobile robots in indoor environments, which is essential for automatic navigation of mobile robots with various tasks. Although ultrasenic sensors are more cost-effective than other sensors such as Laser Range Finder （LRF） and vision, but they are inaccurate and directionally ambiguons. First, the matched filter is used to measure the distance accurately. For resolving the computational complexity of the matched filter, a new matched filter algorithm with simple compution is proposed. Then, an ultrasonic localization system is proposed which consists of three ultrasonic receivers and two or mote transmitters for improving position and orientation accuracy was developed. Finally, an extended Kalman filter is designed to estimate both the static and dynamic positions and orientations. Various simu lations and experimental results show that the proposed system is effective.展开更多
In Electronic Warfare, and more specifically in the domain of passive localization, accurate time synchronization between platforms is decisive, especially on systems relying on TDOA （time difference of arrival） and...In Electronic Warfare, and more specifically in the domain of passive localization, accurate time synchronization between platforms is decisive, especially on systems relying on TDOA （time difference of arrival） and FDOA （frequency difference of arrival）. This paper investigates this issue by presenting an analysis in terms of final localization performance of an experimental passive localization system based on off-the-shelf components. This system is detailed, as well as the methodology used to carry out the acquisition of real data. This experiment has been realized with two different kinds of clock. The results are analyzed by calculating the Allan deviation and time deviation. The choice of these metrics is explained and their properties are discussed in the scope of an airborne bi-platform passive localization context. Conclusions are drawn regarding the overall localization performance of the system.展开更多
Indoor localization is a fundamental requirement for future 6G Intelligent Sensing and Communication(ISAC)systems,enabling precise navigation in environments where Global Positioning System(GPS)signals are unavailable...Indoor localization is a fundamental requirement for future 6G Intelligent Sensing and Communication(ISAC)systems,enabling precise navigation in environments where Global Positioning System(GPS)signals are unavailable.Existing methods,such as map-based navigation or site-specific fingerprinting,often require intensive data collection and lack generalization capability across different buildings,thereby limiting scalability.This study proposes a cross-site,map-free indoor localization framework that uses low-frequency sub-1 GHz radio signals and a Transformer-based neural network for robust positioning without prior environmental knowledge.The Transformer’s self-attention mechanisms allow it to capture spatial correlations among anchor nodes,facilitating accurate localization in unseen environments.Evaluation across two validation sites demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness.In crosssite testing(Site-A),the Transformer achieved a mean localization error of 9.44 m,outperforming the Deep Neural Network(DNN)(10.76 m)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)(12.02 m)baselines.In a real-time deployment(Site-B)spanning three floors,the Transformer maintained an overall mean error of 9.81 m,compared with 13.45 m for DNN,12.88 m for CNN,and 53.08 m for conventional trilateration.For vertical positioning,the Transformer delivered a mean error of 4.52 m,exceeding the performance of DNN(4.59 m),CNN(4.87 m),and trilateration(>45 m).The results confirm that the Transformer-based framework generalizes across heterogeneous indoor environments without requiring site-specific calibration,providing stable,sub-12 m horizontal accuracy and reliable vertical estimation.This capability makes the framework suitable for real-time applications in smart buildings,emergency response,and autonomous systems.By utilizing multipath reflections as an informative structure rather than treating them as noise,this work advances artificial intelligence(AI)-native indoor localization as a scalable and efficient component of future 6G ISAC networks.展开更多
Non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems has attracted increasing attention owing to a variety of intriguing phenomena absent in equilibrium physics.A prominent example is the quantum Mpemba effect,where ...Non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems has attracted increasing attention owing to a variety of intriguing phenomena absent in equilibrium physics.A prominent example is the quantum Mpemba effect,where subsystem symmetry is restored more rapidly under a symmetric quench from a more asymmetric initial state.In this work,we investigate symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in many-body localized systems for a range of initial states.We show that symmetry can still be restored in the many-body localization regime without approaching thermal equilibrium.Moreover,we demonstrate that the quantum Mpemba effect emerges universally for any tilted product state,in contrast to chaotic systems where its occurrence depends sensitively on the choice of the initial state.We further provide a theoretical analysis of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect using an effective model for many-body localization.Overall,this paper fills an important gap in establishing a unified understanding of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in generic many-body systems,and it advances our understanding of many-body localization.展开更多
This paper establishes a method for identifying and locating dynamic loads in time-varying systems.The proposed method linearizes time-varying parameters within small time units and uses the Wilson-θ inverse analysis...This paper establishes a method for identifying and locating dynamic loads in time-varying systems.The proposed method linearizes time-varying parameters within small time units and uses the Wilson-θ inverse analysis method to solve modal loads of each order at each time step.It then uses an exhaustive method to determine the load position.Finally,it calculates the time history of the load.Simulation examples demonstrate how the number of measuring points and step size affect load identi-fication accuracy,verifying that this algorithm achieves good identification accuracy for loads under resonance conditions.Additionally,it explores how noise affects load position and recognition accuracy,while providing a solution.Simulation examples and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can identify both the time history and position of loads simultaneously with high identification accuracy.展开更多
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistr...[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.展开更多
To realize the robotic harvesting of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums,the quick recognition and 3D vision localization system for target Chrysanthemums was investigated in this study.The system was comprised of three mai...To realize the robotic harvesting of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums,the quick recognition and 3D vision localization system for target Chrysanthemums was investigated in this study.The system was comprised of three main stages.Firstly,an end-effector and a simple freedom manipulator with three degrees were designed to meet the quality requirements of harvesting Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums.Secondly,a segmentation based on HSV color space was performed.A fast Fuzzy C-means(FCM)algorithm based on S component was proposed to extract the target image from irrelevant background.Thirdly,binocular stereo vision was used to acquire the target spatial information.According to the shape of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums,the centroids of stamens were selected as feature points to match in the right and left images.The experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to recognize Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums with the accuracy of 85%.When the distance between target and baseline was 150-450 mm,the errors between the calculated and measured distance were less than 14 mm,which could meet the requirements of the localization accuracy of the harvesting robot.展开更多
A new monostatic array system taking advantage of diverse waveforms to improve the performance of underwater tar- get localization is proposed. Unlike the coherent signals between different elements in common active a...A new monostatic array system taking advantage of diverse waveforms to improve the performance of underwater tar- get localization is proposed. Unlike the coherent signals between different elements in common active array, the transmitted signals from different elements here are spatially orthogonal waveforms which allow for array processing in the transit mode and result in an extension of array aperture. The mathematical derivation of Capon estimator for this sonar system is described in detail. And the performance of this orthogonal-waveform based sonar is an- alyzed and compared with that of its phased-array counterpart by water tank experiments. Experimental results show that this sonar system could achieve 12 dB-15 dB additional array gain over its phased-array counterpart, which means a doubling of maximum detection range. Moreover, the angular resolution is significantly improved at lower SNR.展开更多
Protoplast has been widely used in biotechnologies to circumvent the breeding obstacles in citrus, including long juvenility, polyembryony, and male/female sterility. The protoplast-based transient gene expression sys...Protoplast has been widely used in biotechnologies to circumvent the breeding obstacles in citrus, including long juvenility, polyembryony, and male/female sterility. The protoplast-based transient gene expression system is a powerful tool for gene functional characterization and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in higher plants, but it has not been widely used in citrus. In this study, the polyethylene glycol(PEG)-mediated method was optimized for citrus callus protoplast transfection, with an improved transfection efficiency of 68.4%. Consequently, the efficiency of protein subcellular localization assay was increased to 65.8%, through transient expression of the target gene in protoplasts that stably express the fluorescent organelle marker protein. The gene editing frequencies in citrus callus protoplasts reached 14.2% after transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs. We demonstrated that the intronic polycistronic tRNAgRNA(inPTG) genome editing construct was functional in both the protoplast transient expression system and epicotyl stable transformation system in citrus. With this optimized protoplast transient expression system, we improved the efficiency of protein subcellular localization assay and developed the genome editing system in callus protoplasts, which provides an approach for prompt test of CRISPR vectors.展开更多
In spectrum sharing systems,locating mul-tiple radiation sources can efficiently find out the in-truders,which protects the shared spectrum from ma-licious jamming or other unauthorized usage.Com-pared to single-sourc...In spectrum sharing systems,locating mul-tiple radiation sources can efficiently find out the in-truders,which protects the shared spectrum from ma-licious jamming or other unauthorized usage.Com-pared to single-source localization,simultaneously lo-cating multiple sources is more challenging in prac-tice since the association between measurement pa-rameters and source nodes are not known.More-over,the number of possible measurements-source as-sociations increases exponentially with the number of sensor nodes.It is crucial to discriminate which measurements correspond to the same source before localization.In this work,we propose a central-ized localization scheme to estimate the positions of multiple sources.Firstly,we develop two computa-tionally light methods to handle the unknown RSS-AOA measurements-source association problem.One method utilizes linear coordinate conversion to com-pute the minimum spatial Euclidean distance sum-mation of measurements.Another method exploits the long-short-term memory(LSTM)network to clas-sify the measurement sequences.Then,we propose a weighted least squares(WLS)approach to obtain the closed-form estimation of the positions by linearizing the non-convex localization problem.Numerical re-sults demonstrate that the proposed scheme could gain sufficient localization accuracy under adversarial sce-narios where the sources are in close proximity and the measurement noise is strong.展开更多
A global localization system of in-pipe robot is introduced in this paper.Global position system(GPS)is applied to monitor the motion of robot along the whole pipeline which is equally divided intomany segments by tra...A global localization system of in-pipe robot is introduced in this paper.Global position system(GPS)is applied to monitor the motion of robot along the whole pipeline which is equally divided intomany segments by tracking stations.The definite segment in which robot existing can be detected and thisis long-range localization.Ultra-long wave(ULW)is adopted to solve the problem of metallic shieldingand realize effective communication between inside and outside of pipeline.ULW emitter is carried byrobot.When the plant is broken or defects on pipe-wall are inspected,the robot will stop moving.Anten-na array is presented and disposed upon the definite segment to search the accurate location of robot,andthis is short-range localization.In this paper,five-antenna array is adopted and an effective linear signalfusion algorithm is presented.The localization precision reaches R < 25cm.By tests in Shengli oil field,the whole system is verified with robust solutions.展开更多
Leakage is one of the most important reasons for failure of hydraulic systems.The accurate positioning of leakage is of great significance to ensure the safe and reliable operation of hydraulic systems.For early stage...Leakage is one of the most important reasons for failure of hydraulic systems.The accurate positioning of leakage is of great significance to ensure the safe and reliable operation of hydraulic systems.For early stage of leakage,the pressure of the hydraulic circuit does not change obviously and therefore cannot be monitored by pressure sensors.Meanwhile,the pressure of the hydraulic circuit changes frequently due to the influence of load and state of the switch,which further reduces the accuracy of leakage localization.In the work,a novel Bayesian networks(BNs)-based data-driven early leakage localization approach for multi-valve systems is proposed.Wavelet transform is used for signal noise reduction and BNs-based leak localization model is used to identify the location of leakage.A normalization model is developed to improve the robustness of the leakage localization model.A hydraulic system with eight valves is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed early micro-leakage detection and localization approach.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2013602).
文摘The mobile sound source localization system is a technology that can track and locate mobile sound sources in real time and has broad application prospects in many fields.This article first provides an overview of the mobile sound source localization system,introducing its concept and composition,as well as its design and application significance.It elaborates on the importance of the mobile sound source localization system from multiple aspects,such as safety,production,and daily life,and deeply explores its design and application strategies.The problems faced by the mobile sound source localization system and its future development direction were pointed out.
基金Project(61301181) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In this paper, we integrate inertial navigation system (INS) with wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance the accuracy of indoor localization. Inertial measurement unit (IMU), the core of the INS, measures the accelerated and angular rotated speed of moving objects. Meanwhile, the ranges from the object to beacons, which are sensor nodes with known coordinates, are collected by time of arrival (ToA) approach. These messages are simultaneously collected and transmitted to the terminal. At the terminal, we set up the state transition models and observation models. According to them, several recursive Bayesian algorithms are applied to producing position estimations. As shown in the experiments, all of three algorithms do not require constant moving speed and perform better than standalone ToA system or standalone IMU system. And within them, two algorithms can be applied for the tracking on any path which is not restricted by the requirement that the trajectory between the positions at two consecutive time steps is a straight line.
基金This work is supported by Climate Change Institute,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
文摘The paper proposes an Indoor Localization System(ILS)which uses only one fixed Base Station(BS)with simple non-reconfigurable antennas.The proposed algorithm measures Received Signal Strength(RSS)and maps it to the location in the room by estimating signal strength of a direct line of sight(LOS)signal and signal of the first order reflection from the wall.The algorithm is evaluated through both simulations and empirical measurements in a furnished open space office,sampling 21 different locations in the room.It is demonstrated the system can identify user’s real-time location with a maximum estimation error below 0.7 m for 80%confidence Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF)user level,demonstrating the ability to accurately estimate the receiver’s location within the room.The system is intended as a cost-efficient indoor localization technique,offering simplicity and easy integration with existing wireless communication systems.Unlike comparable single base station localization techniques,the proposed system does not require beam scanning,offering stable communication capacity while performing the localization process.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.30570485)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863)(No.2006AA04Z368)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.06ER1406)
文摘Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the feasibility of the method,the model and construction of the localization system are detailed.And static and dynamic accuracy of the localization system are tested by experiments.Next,we compare the simulating results of the electromagnetic radiation aroused by the localization system with the electromagnetic safety standards of human(ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standard C95.1-1991).Finally,in terms of the results of the static and dynamic experiments,conclusions are drawn that the accuracy of portable positioning system is high(less than 10 mm)enough to satisfy the localization need of the micro invasive medical devices in vivo,and there is no harm of electromagnetic radiation to human.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62173228)。
文摘Accurate vehicle localization is a key technology for autonomous driving tasks in indoor parking lots,such as automated valet parking.Additionally,infrastructure-based cooperative driving systems have become a means to realizing intelligent driving.In this paper,we propose a novel and practical vehicle localization system using infrastructure-based RGB-D cameras for indoor parking lots.In the proposed system,we design a depth data preprocessing method with both simplicity and efficiency to reduce the computational burden resulting from a large amount of data.Meanwhile,the hardware synchronization for all cameras in the sensor network is not implemented owing to the disadvantage that it is extremely cumbersome and would significantly reduce the scalability of our system in mass deployments.Hence,to address the problem of data distortion accompanying vehicle motion,we propose a vehicle localization method by performing template point cloud registration in distributed depth data.Finally,a complete hardware system was built to verify the feasibility of our solution in a real-world environment.Experiments in an indoor parking lot demonstrated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed vehicle localization system,with a maximum root mean squared error of 5 cm at 15Hz compared with the ground truth.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2031208,61571244)。
文摘Most studies on device-free localization currently focus on single-person scenarios.This paper proposes a novel method for device-free localization that utilizes ZigBee received signal strength indication(RSSI)and a Transformer network structure.The method aims to address the limited research and low accuracy of two-person device-free localization.This paper first describes the construction of the sensor network used for collecting ZigBee RSSI.It then examines the format and features of ZigBee data packages.The algorithm design of this paper is then introduced.The box plot method is used to identify abnormal data points,and a neural network is used to establish the mapping model between ZigBee RSSI matrix and localization coordinates.This neural network includes a Transformer encoder layer as the encoder and a fully connected network as the decoder.The proposed method's classification accuracy was experimentally tested in an online test stage,resulting in an accuracy rate of 98.79%.In conclusion,the proposed two-person localization system is novel and has demonstrated high accuracy.
文摘Localization using a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a field of interest for researchers in the past years. This information is expected to aid in routing, systems maintenance and health monitoring. For example, many projects aiming to monitor the elderly at home include a personal area network (PAN) which can provide current location of the patient to the medical staff. This article presents an overview of the current trends in this domain. We introduce the mathematical tools used to determine position then we introduce a selection of range-free and range-based proposals. Finally, we provide a comparison of these techniques and suggest possible areas of improvement.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant No.2018YFA0306703Chengdu Innovation and Technology Project,No.2021-YF05-02413-GX.
文摘As an essential part of artificial intelligence,many works focus on image processing which is the branch of computer vision.Nevertheless,image localization faces complex challenges in image processing with image data increases.At the same time,quantum computing has the unique advantages of improving computing power and reducing energy consumption.So,combining the advantage of quantum computing is necessary for studying the quantum image localization algorithms.At present,many quantum image localization algorithms have been proposed,and their efficiency is theoretically higher than the corresponding classical algorithms.But,in quantum computing experiments,quantum gates in quantum computing hardware need to work at very low temperatures,which brings great challenges to experiments.This paper proposes a single-photon-based quantum image localization algorithm based on the fundamental theory of single-photon image classification.This scheme realizes the operation of the mixed national institute of standards and technology database(MNIST)quantum image localization by a learned transformation for non-noise condition,noisy condition,and environmental attack condition,respectively.Compared with the regular use of entanglement between multi-qubits and low-temperature noise reduction conditions for image localization,the advantage of this method is that it does not deliberately require low temperature and entanglement resources,and it improves the lower bound of the localization success rate.This method paves a way to study quantum computer vision.
基金supported by the MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy,Korea)the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(ⅡTA-2009-(C1090-0902-0007))
文摘An accurate low-cost ultrasonic localization system is de- veloped for automated mobile robots in indoor environments, which is essential for automatic navigation of mobile robots with various tasks. Although ultrasenic sensors are more cost-effective than other sensors such as Laser Range Finder （LRF） and vision, but they are inaccurate and directionally ambiguons. First, the matched filter is used to measure the distance accurately. For resolving the computational complexity of the matched filter, a new matched filter algorithm with simple compution is proposed. Then, an ultrasonic localization system is proposed which consists of three ultrasonic receivers and two or mote transmitters for improving position and orientation accuracy was developed. Finally, an extended Kalman filter is designed to estimate both the static and dynamic positions and orientations. Various simu lations and experimental results show that the proposed system is effective.
文摘In Electronic Warfare, and more specifically in the domain of passive localization, accurate time synchronization between platforms is decisive, especially on systems relying on TDOA （time difference of arrival） and FDOA （frequency difference of arrival）. This paper investigates this issue by presenting an analysis in terms of final localization performance of an experimental passive localization system based on off-the-shelf components. This system is detailed, as well as the methodology used to carry out the acquisition of real data. This experiment has been realized with two different kinds of clock. The results are analyzed by calculating the Allan deviation and time deviation. The choice of these metrics is explained and their properties are discussed in the scope of an airborne bi-platform passive localization context. Conclusions are drawn regarding the overall localization performance of the system.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,under grant number MOST 114-2224-E-A49-002was received by En-Cheng Liou.
文摘Indoor localization is a fundamental requirement for future 6G Intelligent Sensing and Communication(ISAC)systems,enabling precise navigation in environments where Global Positioning System(GPS)signals are unavailable.Existing methods,such as map-based navigation or site-specific fingerprinting,often require intensive data collection and lack generalization capability across different buildings,thereby limiting scalability.This study proposes a cross-site,map-free indoor localization framework that uses low-frequency sub-1 GHz radio signals and a Transformer-based neural network for robust positioning without prior environmental knowledge.The Transformer’s self-attention mechanisms allow it to capture spatial correlations among anchor nodes,facilitating accurate localization in unseen environments.Evaluation across two validation sites demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness.In crosssite testing(Site-A),the Transformer achieved a mean localization error of 9.44 m,outperforming the Deep Neural Network(DNN)(10.76 m)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)(12.02 m)baselines.In a real-time deployment(Site-B)spanning three floors,the Transformer maintained an overall mean error of 9.81 m,compared with 13.45 m for DNN,12.88 m for CNN,and 53.08 m for conventional trilateration.For vertical positioning,the Transformer delivered a mean error of 4.52 m,exceeding the performance of DNN(4.59 m),CNN(4.87 m),and trilateration(>45 m).The results confirm that the Transformer-based framework generalizes across heterogeneous indoor environments without requiring site-specific calibration,providing stable,sub-12 m horizontal accuracy and reliable vertical estimation.This capability makes the framework suitable for real-time applications in smart buildings,emergency response,and autonomous systems.By utilizing multipath reflections as an informative structure rather than treating them as noise,this work advances artificial intelligence(AI)-native indoor localization as a scalable and efficient component of future 6G ISAC networks.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12347107 and 12334003)the MOSTC(2021YFA1400100)+15 种基金the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplorer Prizesupported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship ProgramChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20250169)the support from Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2024ZD0301700)the start-up grant at IOP-CASsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12075324 and 12222515)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangdong Province(2021QN02X561)supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(GBMF8685)toward the Princeton Theory Programthe Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative(GBMF11070)the Office of Naval Research(N00014-20–12303)the Global Collaborative Network Grant at Princeton Universitythe Simons Investigator Grant(404513)the BSF Israel US foundation(2018226)the NSF-MERSEC(MERSEC DMR 2011750)the Simons Collaboration on New Frontiers in Superconductivitythe Schmidt Foundation at the Princeton University。
文摘Non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems has attracted increasing attention owing to a variety of intriguing phenomena absent in equilibrium physics.A prominent example is the quantum Mpemba effect,where subsystem symmetry is restored more rapidly under a symmetric quench from a more asymmetric initial state.In this work,we investigate symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in many-body localized systems for a range of initial states.We show that symmetry can still be restored in the many-body localization regime without approaching thermal equilibrium.Moreover,we demonstrate that the quantum Mpemba effect emerges universally for any tilted product state,in contrast to chaotic systems where its occurrence depends sensitively on the choice of the initial state.We further provide a theoretical analysis of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect using an effective model for many-body localization.Overall,this paper fills an important gap in establishing a unified understanding of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in generic many-body systems,and it advances our understanding of many-body localization.
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘This paper establishes a method for identifying and locating dynamic loads in time-varying systems.The proposed method linearizes time-varying parameters within small time units and uses the Wilson-θ inverse analysis method to solve modal loads of each order at each time step.It then uses an exhaustive method to determine the load position.Finally,it calculates the time history of the load.Simulation examples demonstrate how the number of measuring points and step size affect load identi-fication accuracy,verifying that this algorithm achieves good identification accuracy for loads under resonance conditions.Additionally,it explores how noise affects load position and recognition accuracy,while providing a solution.Simulation examples and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can identify both the time history and position of loads simultaneously with high identification accuracy.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(NZ0932)National Key Technology R & D Program of China(20068AI06A15-11)~~
文摘[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.
基金This work was financially supported by the project of National Science and Technology Supporting Plan(2015BAF01B02)the Open Foundation of Intelligent Robots and Systems at the University of Beijing Institute of Technology,High-tech Innovation Center(2016IRS03).
文摘To realize the robotic harvesting of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums,the quick recognition and 3D vision localization system for target Chrysanthemums was investigated in this study.The system was comprised of three main stages.Firstly,an end-effector and a simple freedom manipulator with three degrees were designed to meet the quality requirements of harvesting Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums.Secondly,a segmentation based on HSV color space was performed.A fast Fuzzy C-means(FCM)algorithm based on S component was proposed to extract the target image from irrelevant background.Thirdly,binocular stereo vision was used to acquire the target spatial information.According to the shape of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums,the centroids of stamens were selected as feature points to match in the right and left images.The experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to recognize Hangzhou White Chrysanthemums with the accuracy of 85%.When the distance between target and baseline was 150-450 mm,the errors between the calculated and measured distance were less than 14 mm,which could meet the requirements of the localization accuracy of the harvesting robot.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60572098)
文摘A new monostatic array system taking advantage of diverse waveforms to improve the performance of underwater tar- get localization is proposed. Unlike the coherent signals between different elements in common active array, the transmitted signals from different elements here are spatially orthogonal waveforms which allow for array processing in the transit mode and result in an extension of array aperture. The mathematical derivation of Capon estimator for this sonar system is described in detail. And the performance of this orthogonal-waveform based sonar is an- alyzed and compared with that of its phased-array counterpart by water tank experiments. Experimental results show that this sonar system could achieve 12 dB-15 dB additional array gain over its phased-array counterpart, which means a doubling of maximum detection range. Moreover, the angular resolution is significantly improved at lower SNR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaChina (Grant Nos. 31872051, 32072528)the Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (Grant No.2021hszd009)。
文摘Protoplast has been widely used in biotechnologies to circumvent the breeding obstacles in citrus, including long juvenility, polyembryony, and male/female sterility. The protoplast-based transient gene expression system is a powerful tool for gene functional characterization and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in higher plants, but it has not been widely used in citrus. In this study, the polyethylene glycol(PEG)-mediated method was optimized for citrus callus protoplast transfection, with an improved transfection efficiency of 68.4%. Consequently, the efficiency of protein subcellular localization assay was increased to 65.8%, through transient expression of the target gene in protoplasts that stably express the fluorescent organelle marker protein. The gene editing frequencies in citrus callus protoplasts reached 14.2% after transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs. We demonstrated that the intronic polycistronic tRNAgRNA(inPTG) genome editing construct was functional in both the protoplast transient expression system and epicotyl stable transformation system in citrus. With this optimized protoplast transient expression system, we improved the efficiency of protein subcellular localization assay and developed the genome editing system in callus protoplasts, which provides an approach for prompt test of CRISPR vectors.
基金This work was supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(No.U20B2038,No.61901520,No.61871398 and No.61931011),the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190030),and the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFB1801103.
文摘In spectrum sharing systems,locating mul-tiple radiation sources can efficiently find out the in-truders,which protects the shared spectrum from ma-licious jamming or other unauthorized usage.Com-pared to single-source localization,simultaneously lo-cating multiple sources is more challenging in prac-tice since the association between measurement pa-rameters and source nodes are not known.More-over,the number of possible measurements-source as-sociations increases exponentially with the number of sensor nodes.It is crucial to discriminate which measurements correspond to the same source before localization.In this work,we propose a central-ized localization scheme to estimate the positions of multiple sources.Firstly,we develop two computa-tionally light methods to handle the unknown RSS-AOA measurements-source association problem.One method utilizes linear coordinate conversion to com-pute the minimum spatial Euclidean distance sum-mation of measurements.Another method exploits the long-short-term memory(LSTM)network to clas-sify the measurement sequences.Then,we propose a weighted least squares(WLS)approach to obtain the closed-form estimation of the positions by linearizing the non-convex localization problem.Numerical re-sults demonstrate that the proposed scheme could gain sufficient localization accuracy under adversarial sce-narios where the sources are in close proximity and the measurement noise is strong.
基金Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China (No. 2006AA04Z205)
文摘A global localization system of in-pipe robot is introduced in this paper.Global position system(GPS)is applied to monitor the motion of robot along the whole pipeline which is equally divided intomany segments by tracking stations.The definite segment in which robot existing can be detected and thisis long-range localization.Ultra-long wave(ULW)is adopted to solve the problem of metallic shieldingand realize effective communication between inside and outside of pipeline.ULW emitter is carried byrobot.When the plant is broken or defects on pipe-wall are inspected,the robot will stop moving.Anten-na array is presented and disposed upon the definite segment to search the accurate location of robot,andthis is short-range localization.In this paper,five-antenna array is adopted and an effective linear signalfusion algorithm is presented.The localization precision reaches R < 25cm.By tests in Shengli oil field,the whole system is verified with robust solutions.
基金Project(51779267)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019YFE0105100)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China+2 种基金Project(tsqn201909063)supported by the Taishan Scholars Project,ChinaProject(20CX02301A)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(2019KJB016)supported by the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Universities in Shandong Province,China。
文摘Leakage is one of the most important reasons for failure of hydraulic systems.The accurate positioning of leakage is of great significance to ensure the safe and reliable operation of hydraulic systems.For early stage of leakage,the pressure of the hydraulic circuit does not change obviously and therefore cannot be monitored by pressure sensors.Meanwhile,the pressure of the hydraulic circuit changes frequently due to the influence of load and state of the switch,which further reduces the accuracy of leakage localization.In the work,a novel Bayesian networks(BNs)-based data-driven early leakage localization approach for multi-valve systems is proposed.Wavelet transform is used for signal noise reduction and BNs-based leak localization model is used to identify the location of leakage.A normalization model is developed to improve the robustness of the leakage localization model.A hydraulic system with eight valves is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed early micro-leakage detection and localization approach.
