Mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 photocatalysts were synthesized by the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method. Ag was deposited on the surface of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 by a facile photoreduction process. The as‐prepared...Mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 photocatalysts were synthesized by the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method. Ag was deposited on the surface of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 by a facile photoreduction process. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by TG‐DSC, XRD, N2 adsorption, HR‐TEM andUV‐Vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 has a large specific surfacearea and uniform pore size distribution both before and after Ag deposition. The photodegradationof 2‐propanol and acetaldehyde gas under visible‐light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation was employed toevaluate the photocatalytic activities of the samples. The results showed that the photocatalyticactivity of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 is greatly improved by the Ag co‐catalyst. These mesoporousPb3Nb2O8 exhibit photocatalytic activities as much as 41 times higher when compared with thePb3Nb2O8 prepared by the solid state reaction method. The content of loaded Ag ranged from 0.5%to 5% (Ag2SO4). The optimal loading was determined to be 1% corresponding the highest photocatalyti cactivity. These results clearly indicate that the activity of Pb3Nb2O8 can be improved to obtain an outstanding performance for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.展开更多
Despite significant progress has been achieved regarding the shuttle-effect of lithium polysulfides,the suppressed specific capacity and retarded redox kinetics under high sulfur loading still threat the actual energy...Despite significant progress has been achieved regarding the shuttle-effect of lithium polysulfides,the suppressed specific capacity and retarded redox kinetics under high sulfur loading still threat the actual energy density and power density of lithium-sulfur batteries.In this study,a graham condenser-inspired carbon@WS_(2)host with coil-in-tube structure was designed and synthesized using anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)membrane with vertically aligned nanopores as template.The vertical array of carbon nanotubes with internal carbon coils not only leads to efficient charge transfer across through the thickness of the cathode,but also provides significant confinement to polysulfide diffusion towards both the lateral and longitudinal directions.Few-layer WS_(2)in the carbon coils perform a synergistic role in suppressing the shuttle-effect as well as boosting the cathodic kinetics.As a result,high specific capacity(1180 m Ah/g at 0.1 C)and long-cycling stability at 0.5 C for 500 cycles has been achieved at 3 mgS/cm^(2).Impressive areal capacity of 7.4 m Ah/cm^(2)has been demonstrated when the sulfur loading reaches 8.4 mg/cm^(2).The unique coil-in-tube structure developed in this work provides a new solution for high sulfur loading cathode towards practical lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion batteries(AIBs)are inspiring researchers’enthusiasm due to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of aluminum.Polyaniline(PANI)materials have the potential for aluminum ion stora...Rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion batteries(AIBs)are inspiring researchers’enthusiasm due to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of aluminum.Polyaniline(PANI)materials have the potential for aluminum ion storage due to the properties of its excellent conductivity and inherent theoretical capacity.However,the poor cycling stability and low loadings of PANI limit its application in energy storage.In this study,PANI-x electrodes with high mass loadings are successfully prepared by the electrodeposition method for reversible AlCl_(2)^(+)storage.Among them,the PANI-2 electrode possesses the highest areal capacity(0.59 and 0.51 mAh cm^(−2)at the current density of 0.5 and 10 mA cm^(−2))and excellent cycling stability in saturated AlCl3.Ex situ N 1s fitting spectra of PANI-2 and molecular dynamics simulations of 1 M,3 M,and saturated AlCl_(3)electrolytes demonstrate that PANI can achieve reversible redox reactions in saturated AlCl3,thereby achieving its excellent stability.Density functional theory calculations and ex situ spectra characterizations of PANI-2 demonstrate the insertion/de-insertion mechanism in the form of AlCl_(2)^(+)ions.In conclusion,PANI-2|Saturated AlCl_(3)|EG(exfoliated graphite foil)full cell is assembled successfully.This work provides promising guidance for the preparation of high-loading electrodes for AIBs.展开更多
Concrete subjected to fire loads is susceptible to explosive spalling, which can lead to the exposure of reinforcingsteel bars to the fire, substantially jeopardizing the structural safety and stability. The spalling ...Concrete subjected to fire loads is susceptible to explosive spalling, which can lead to the exposure of reinforcingsteel bars to the fire, substantially jeopardizing the structural safety and stability. The spalling of fire-loaded concreteis closely related to the evolution of pore pressure and temperature. Conventional analytical methods involve theresolution of complex, strongly coupled multifield equations, necessitating significant computational efforts. Torapidly and accurately obtain the distributions of pore-pressure and temperature, the Pix2Pix model is adoptedin this work, which is celebrated for its capabilities in image generation. The open-source dataset used hereinfeatures RGB images we generated using a sophisticated coupled model, while the grayscale images encapsulate the15 principal variables influencing spalling. After conducting a series of tests with different layers configurations,activation functions and loss functions, the Pix2Pix model suitable for assessing the spalling risk of fire-loadedconcrete has been meticulously designed and trained. The applicability and reliability of the Pix2Pix model inconcrete parameter prediction are verified by comparing its outcomes with those derived fromthe strong couplingTHC model. Notably, for the practical engineering applications, our findings indicate that utilizing monochromeimages as the initial target for analysis yields more dependable results. This work not only offers valuable insightsfor civil engineers specializing in concrete structures but also establishes a robust methodological approach forresearchers seeking to create similar predictive models.展开更多
The photocatalytic degradation effects of carbofuran solution under concentration of 0.2,0.4,0.8 g/L Re3+-doped nano-TiO2 were studied.The highest degradation rate of 54.89% was obtained after 4 h degradation when the...The photocatalytic degradation effects of carbofuran solution under concentration of 0.2,0.4,0.8 g/L Re3+-doped nano-TiO2 were studied.The highest degradation rate of 54.89% was obtained after 4 h degradation when the concentration of nano-TiO2 was 0.4 g/L.Then field trials of photocatalytic degradation with suspension nano-TiO2 were conducted.The photocatalytic degradation effect of organic phosphorus and carbamate pesticides in tomato leaves and soil with different concentratio catalyst(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 g/L) were studied.The results showed that nano-TiO2 could significantly increase photocatalytic degradation rate of pesticide residues in tomato leaves and soil.Pesticide residues degradation rate could be increased by 20%-30% on the tomato leaves and 15%-20% in soil,and the best concentration of photocatalytic degradation was 0.2-0.4 g/L.展开更多
A carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCA) and TiO2 nanoparticles was constructed by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles and ferrocene carboxylic acid into the carbon paste matrix. The ...A carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCA) and TiO2 nanoparticles was constructed by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles and ferrocene carboxylic acid into the carbon paste matrix. The electrochemical behavior of captopril (CAP) at the surface of the modified electrode was investigated using electroanalytical methods. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of CAP in aqueous solutions at physiological pH values. Cyclic voltammetric curves showed that the oxidation of CAP at the surface of the modified electrode reduced its overpotential by more than 290 mV. The modified electrode was used for detecting captopril using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. A calibration curve in the range of 0.03 to 2400 μmol/L was obtained that had a detection limit of 0.0096 μmol/L (3?) under the optimized conditions. The modified electrode was successfully used for the determination of captopril in pharmaceutical and biological samples.展开更多
Nano-TiO2 was employed for the separation and preconcentration of thallium.It was found that the adsorption ratio of thallium ions was more than 98% at pH 4.5 and the desorption ratio reached 99% under microwave irrad...Nano-TiO2 was employed for the separation and preconcentration of thallium.It was found that the adsorption ratio of thallium ions was more than 98% at pH 4.5 and the desorption ratio reached 99% under microwave irradiation for 3 min at 350 W.The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.09 mg/g[（20±0.1） °C].The nano-TiO2 was successfully applied to the determination of element thallium in the certified reference material polymetallic nodule and water samples.展开更多
The modification of the traditional interior wall paint was carried out by means of adding nano-TiO2 as a functional pigment. By regulating the dosage of dispersant, the nano-particles can be dispersed in paint homoge...The modification of the traditional interior wall paint was carried out by means of adding nano-TiO2 as a functional pigment. By regulating the dosage of dispersant, the nano-particles can be dispersed in paint homogeneously. With two aspects of experiments： dosage of nano-TiO2 and pigment volume concentration （PVC）, the paint formulation can be optimized and its properties~ such as hardness, scrub resistance, storage stability, contrast ratio and gloss can be improved. Finally an interior wall paint with high performance and air purification was prepared. Its character of formaldehyde degradation would be discussed in the next article.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11274150, 11574124)the Education Minister of Liaoning Province (JG2016ZD0015)the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University~~
文摘Mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 photocatalysts were synthesized by the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method. Ag was deposited on the surface of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 by a facile photoreduction process. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by TG‐DSC, XRD, N2 adsorption, HR‐TEM andUV‐Vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 has a large specific surfacearea and uniform pore size distribution both before and after Ag deposition. The photodegradationof 2‐propanol and acetaldehyde gas under visible‐light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation was employed toevaluate the photocatalytic activities of the samples. The results showed that the photocatalyticactivity of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 is greatly improved by the Ag co‐catalyst. These mesoporousPb3Nb2O8 exhibit photocatalytic activities as much as 41 times higher when compared with thePb3Nb2O8 prepared by the solid state reaction method. The content of loaded Ag ranged from 0.5%to 5% (Ag2SO4). The optimal loading was determined to be 1% corresponding the highest photocatalyti cactivity. These results clearly indicate that the activity of Pb3Nb2O8 can be improved to obtain an outstanding performance for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22075027,52003030)Starting Grant from Beijing Institute of Technology and financial support from the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Nos.YBKT2106,YBKT23-05)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
文摘Despite significant progress has been achieved regarding the shuttle-effect of lithium polysulfides,the suppressed specific capacity and retarded redox kinetics under high sulfur loading still threat the actual energy density and power density of lithium-sulfur batteries.In this study,a graham condenser-inspired carbon@WS_(2)host with coil-in-tube structure was designed and synthesized using anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)membrane with vertically aligned nanopores as template.The vertical array of carbon nanotubes with internal carbon coils not only leads to efficient charge transfer across through the thickness of the cathode,but also provides significant confinement to polysulfide diffusion towards both the lateral and longitudinal directions.Few-layer WS_(2)in the carbon coils perform a synergistic role in suppressing the shuttle-effect as well as boosting the cathodic kinetics.As a result,high specific capacity(1180 m Ah/g at 0.1 C)and long-cycling stability at 0.5 C for 500 cycles has been achieved at 3 mgS/cm^(2).Impressive areal capacity of 7.4 m Ah/cm^(2)has been demonstrated when the sulfur loading reaches 8.4 mg/cm^(2).The unique coil-in-tube structure developed in this work provides a new solution for high sulfur loading cathode towards practical lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21906015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2205006 and N2225013).
文摘Rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion batteries(AIBs)are inspiring researchers’enthusiasm due to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of aluminum.Polyaniline(PANI)materials have the potential for aluminum ion storage due to the properties of its excellent conductivity and inherent theoretical capacity.However,the poor cycling stability and low loadings of PANI limit its application in energy storage.In this study,PANI-x electrodes with high mass loadings are successfully prepared by the electrodeposition method for reversible AlCl_(2)^(+)storage.Among them,the PANI-2 electrode possesses the highest areal capacity(0.59 and 0.51 mAh cm^(−2)at the current density of 0.5 and 10 mA cm^(−2))and excellent cycling stability in saturated AlCl3.Ex situ N 1s fitting spectra of PANI-2 and molecular dynamics simulations of 1 M,3 M,and saturated AlCl_(3)electrolytes demonstrate that PANI can achieve reversible redox reactions in saturated AlCl3,thereby achieving its excellent stability.Density functional theory calculations and ex situ spectra characterizations of PANI-2 demonstrate the insertion/de-insertion mechanism in the form of AlCl_(2)^(+)ions.In conclusion,PANI-2|Saturated AlCl_(3)|EG(exfoliated graphite foil)full cell is assembled successfully.This work provides promising guidance for the preparation of high-loading electrodes for AIBs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52178324).
文摘Concrete subjected to fire loads is susceptible to explosive spalling, which can lead to the exposure of reinforcingsteel bars to the fire, substantially jeopardizing the structural safety and stability. The spalling of fire-loaded concreteis closely related to the evolution of pore pressure and temperature. Conventional analytical methods involve theresolution of complex, strongly coupled multifield equations, necessitating significant computational efforts. Torapidly and accurately obtain the distributions of pore-pressure and temperature, the Pix2Pix model is adoptedin this work, which is celebrated for its capabilities in image generation. The open-source dataset used hereinfeatures RGB images we generated using a sophisticated coupled model, while the grayscale images encapsulate the15 principal variables influencing spalling. After conducting a series of tests with different layers configurations,activation functions and loss functions, the Pix2Pix model suitable for assessing the spalling risk of fire-loadedconcrete has been meticulously designed and trained. The applicability and reliability of the Pix2Pix model inconcrete parameter prediction are verified by comparing its outcomes with those derived fromthe strong couplingTHC model. Notably, for the practical engineering applications, our findings indicate that utilizing monochromeimages as the initial target for analysis yields more dependable results. This work not only offers valuable insightsfor civil engineers specializing in concrete structures but also establishes a robust methodological approach forresearchers seeking to create similar predictive models.
基金Project supported by the Elenventh Five-Year National Science and Technology Support Program (2006BAD6B03)National 863 Project (2006AA11Z4023)
文摘The photocatalytic degradation effects of carbofuran solution under concentration of 0.2,0.4,0.8 g/L Re3+-doped nano-TiO2 were studied.The highest degradation rate of 54.89% was obtained after 4 h degradation when the concentration of nano-TiO2 was 0.4 g/L.Then field trials of photocatalytic degradation with suspension nano-TiO2 were conducted.The photocatalytic degradation effect of organic phosphorus and carbamate pesticides in tomato leaves and soil with different concentratio catalyst(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 g/L) were studied.The results showed that nano-TiO2 could significantly increase photocatalytic degradation rate of pesticide residues in tomato leaves and soil.Pesticide residues degradation rate could be increased by 20%-30% on the tomato leaves and 15%-20% in soil,and the best concentration of photocatalytic degradation was 0.2-0.4 g/L.
文摘A carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCA) and TiO2 nanoparticles was constructed by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles and ferrocene carboxylic acid into the carbon paste matrix. The electrochemical behavior of captopril (CAP) at the surface of the modified electrode was investigated using electroanalytical methods. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of CAP in aqueous solutions at physiological pH values. Cyclic voltammetric curves showed that the oxidation of CAP at the surface of the modified electrode reduced its overpotential by more than 290 mV. The modified electrode was used for detecting captopril using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. A calibration curve in the range of 0.03 to 2400 μmol/L was obtained that had a detection limit of 0.0096 μmol/L (3?) under the optimized conditions. The modified electrode was successfully used for the determination of captopril in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
基金Supported by the Excellent Talents Project(No.2009R30)Innovation Team Project(No.2007T053)of the Education Department of Liaoning Province,China
文摘Nano-TiO2 was employed for the separation and preconcentration of thallium.It was found that the adsorption ratio of thallium ions was more than 98% at pH 4.5 and the desorption ratio reached 99% under microwave irradiation for 3 min at 350 W.The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.09 mg/g[（20±0.1） °C].The nano-TiO2 was successfully applied to the determination of element thallium in the certified reference material polymetallic nodule and water samples.
基金Project supported by the Foundation of National Key Technologies Research and Development Program-Shanghai World Expo Special Project (Grant No.04DZ05803)
文摘The modification of the traditional interior wall paint was carried out by means of adding nano-TiO2 as a functional pigment. By regulating the dosage of dispersant, the nano-particles can be dispersed in paint homogeneously. With two aspects of experiments： dosage of nano-TiO2 and pigment volume concentration （PVC）, the paint formulation can be optimized and its properties~ such as hardness, scrub resistance, storage stability, contrast ratio and gloss can be improved. Finally an interior wall paint with high performance and air purification was prepared. Its character of formaldehyde degradation would be discussed in the next article.
