[Objective] The aim was to al eviate the constructed wetland clogging problems and to explore to the effects of hydraulic loading on wetland clogging. [Method] The experiment, through artificial soil columns, simulate...[Objective] The aim was to al eviate the constructed wetland clogging problems and to explore to the effects of hydraulic loading on wetland clogging. [Method] The experiment, through artificial soil columns, simulated vertical flow arti-ficial wetland, set four hydraulic load level at 50, 100, 150 and 200 cm/d, to identify the impact of hydraulic loading on wetland clogging and to explore the factors run-ning threshold. [Result] The results show that the different levels of hydraulic loading have greater impact; in the constructed wetland clogging process under high hy-draulic loading of 200 cm/d, the effective life was only six months, and the single factor can be speculated that the threshold of the hydraulic load should be at 100-150 cm/d; system can last for six months at low hydraulic loading and last for three months at medium hydraulic load. [Conclusion] The research provides references for wetland clogging experiments in future.展开更多
Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propa...Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propagation rule and the residual life estimation method of large-module rack is of great significance. The possible crack distribution forms of the rack in the Three Gorges shiplift were studied. By applying moving load on the model in FRANC3 D and ANSYS, quantitative analyses of interference effects on double cracks in both collinear and offset conditions were conducted. The variation rule of the stress intensity factor(SIF) influence factor, RK, of double collinear cracks changing with crack spacing ratio, RS, was researched. The horizontal and vertical crack spacing threshold of double cracks within the design life of the shiplift were obtained, which are 24 and 4 times as large as half of initial crack length, c0, respectively. The crack growth rates along the length and depth directions in the process of coalescence on double collinear cracks were also studied.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to compare the ventilatory threshold (VT) between treadmill walking against a horizontal impeding force (horizontal load walking) and a cycle ergometer exercise. Seven adult men volunteer...The purpose of this study was to compare the ventilatory threshold (VT) between treadmill walking against a horizontal impeding force (horizontal load walking) and a cycle ergometer exercise. Seven adult men volunteered to participate in this study. They performed horizontal load walking (velocity: 1.11 m/s) and a cycle ergometer exercise (pedaling frequency: 60 rpm), with loads imposed using a ramp slope technique. Oxygen uptake at the VT during horizontal load walking was greater than that during a cycle ergometer exercise展开更多
Tackling the problems of underground water storage in collieries in arid regions requires knowledge of the effect of water intrusion and loading rate on the mechanical properties of and crack development in coal–rock...Tackling the problems of underground water storage in collieries in arid regions requires knowledge of the effect of water intrusion and loading rate on the mechanical properties of and crack development in coal–rock combinations. Fifty-four coal–rock combinations were prepared and split equally into groups containing different moisture contents(dry, natural moisture and saturated) to conduct acoustic emission testing under uniaxial compression with loading rates ranging from 0.1 mm/min to 0.6 mm/min. The results show that the peak stress and strength-softening modulus, elastic modulus, strain-softening modulus, and post-peak modulus partly decrease with increasing moisture content and loading rate. In contrast, peak strain increases with increasing moisture content and fluctuates with rising loading rate. More significantly, the relationship between stiffness and stress, combined with accumulated counts of acoustic emission, can be used to precisely predict all phases of crack propagation. This is helpful in studying the impact of moisture content and loading rate on crack propagation and accurately calculating mechanical properties. We also determined that the stress thresholds of crack closure, crack initiation, and crack damage do not vary with changes of moisture content and loading rate, constituting 15.22%, 32.20%, and 80.98% of peak stress, respectively. These outcomes assist in developing approaches to water storage in coal mines, determining the necessary width of waterproof coal–rock pillars, and methods of supporting water-enriched roadways, while also advances understanding the mechanical properties of coal–rock combinations and laws of crack propagation.展开更多
极端天气事件的发生会导致电力负荷产生突增或突降,对电网的稳定性和供电能力带来挑战。然而,现有的超短期负荷预测方法对极端天气下非线性和动态变化的负荷特征预测能力有限。为应对极端天气下负荷突变性强及波动剧烈导致的预测精度降...极端天气事件的发生会导致电力负荷产生突增或突降,对电网的稳定性和供电能力带来挑战。然而,现有的超短期负荷预测方法对极端天气下非线性和动态变化的负荷特征预测能力有限。为应对极端天气下负荷突变性强及波动剧烈导致的预测精度降低的问题,提出了一种考虑极端天气的二次重构分解去噪和双向长短时记忆网络(bidirectional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)的超短期电力负荷预测方法。首先,利用最大信息系数选取出能够最大程度反映对负荷影响的气候特征。然后,通过二次重构分解去噪方法提取到负荷多个频段的特征,降低数据复杂性,为BiLSTM模型提供更干净和信息量更清晰的输入序列,从而改善模型的训练效果和预测能力。最后基于比利时、福建省某区域以及得土安市的历史数据集进行算例分析,不同算例中平均绝对百分比误差分别下降到1.024%、0.875%、1.270%和1.009%,实验结果验证了所提方法在极端天气发生时的电力负荷超短期预测方面具有较好的预测性能和广阔的应用前景。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41071214)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to al eviate the constructed wetland clogging problems and to explore to the effects of hydraulic loading on wetland clogging. [Method] The experiment, through artificial soil columns, simulated vertical flow arti-ficial wetland, set four hydraulic load level at 50, 100, 150 and 200 cm/d, to identify the impact of hydraulic loading on wetland clogging and to explore the factors run-ning threshold. [Result] The results show that the different levels of hydraulic loading have greater impact; in the constructed wetland clogging process under high hy-draulic loading of 200 cm/d, the effective life was only six months, and the single factor can be speculated that the threshold of the hydraulic load should be at 100-150 cm/d; system can last for six months at low hydraulic loading and last for three months at medium hydraulic load. [Conclusion] The research provides references for wetland clogging experiments in future.
基金Project(0722018)supported by the China Three Gorges CorporationProject(2012KJX01)supported by the Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design&Maintenance,China
文摘Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propagation rule and the residual life estimation method of large-module rack is of great significance. The possible crack distribution forms of the rack in the Three Gorges shiplift were studied. By applying moving load on the model in FRANC3 D and ANSYS, quantitative analyses of interference effects on double cracks in both collinear and offset conditions were conducted. The variation rule of the stress intensity factor(SIF) influence factor, RK, of double collinear cracks changing with crack spacing ratio, RS, was researched. The horizontal and vertical crack spacing threshold of double cracks within the design life of the shiplift were obtained, which are 24 and 4 times as large as half of initial crack length, c0, respectively. The crack growth rates along the length and depth directions in the process of coalescence on double collinear cracks were also studied.
文摘The purpose of this study was to compare the ventilatory threshold (VT) between treadmill walking against a horizontal impeding force (horizontal load walking) and a cycle ergometer exercise. Seven adult men volunteered to participate in this study. They performed horizontal load walking (velocity: 1.11 m/s) and a cycle ergometer exercise (pedaling frequency: 60 rpm), with loads imposed using a ramp slope technique. Oxygen uptake at the VT during horizontal load walking was greater than that during a cycle ergometer exercise
基金Project(2014QNB31)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProjects(51674248)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China
文摘Tackling the problems of underground water storage in collieries in arid regions requires knowledge of the effect of water intrusion and loading rate on the mechanical properties of and crack development in coal–rock combinations. Fifty-four coal–rock combinations were prepared and split equally into groups containing different moisture contents(dry, natural moisture and saturated) to conduct acoustic emission testing under uniaxial compression with loading rates ranging from 0.1 mm/min to 0.6 mm/min. The results show that the peak stress and strength-softening modulus, elastic modulus, strain-softening modulus, and post-peak modulus partly decrease with increasing moisture content and loading rate. In contrast, peak strain increases with increasing moisture content and fluctuates with rising loading rate. More significantly, the relationship between stiffness and stress, combined with accumulated counts of acoustic emission, can be used to precisely predict all phases of crack propagation. This is helpful in studying the impact of moisture content and loading rate on crack propagation and accurately calculating mechanical properties. We also determined that the stress thresholds of crack closure, crack initiation, and crack damage do not vary with changes of moisture content and loading rate, constituting 15.22%, 32.20%, and 80.98% of peak stress, respectively. These outcomes assist in developing approaches to water storage in coal mines, determining the necessary width of waterproof coal–rock pillars, and methods of supporting water-enriched roadways, while also advances understanding the mechanical properties of coal–rock combinations and laws of crack propagation.
文摘极端天气事件的发生会导致电力负荷产生突增或突降,对电网的稳定性和供电能力带来挑战。然而,现有的超短期负荷预测方法对极端天气下非线性和动态变化的负荷特征预测能力有限。为应对极端天气下负荷突变性强及波动剧烈导致的预测精度降低的问题,提出了一种考虑极端天气的二次重构分解去噪和双向长短时记忆网络(bidirectional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)的超短期电力负荷预测方法。首先,利用最大信息系数选取出能够最大程度反映对负荷影响的气候特征。然后,通过二次重构分解去噪方法提取到负荷多个频段的特征,降低数据复杂性,为BiLSTM模型提供更干净和信息量更清晰的输入序列,从而改善模型的训练效果和预测能力。最后基于比利时、福建省某区域以及得土安市的历史数据集进行算例分析,不同算例中平均绝对百分比误差分别下降到1.024%、0.875%、1.270%和1.009%,实验结果验证了所提方法在极端天气发生时的电力负荷超短期预测方面具有较好的预测性能和广阔的应用前景。
