[ Objective ] In order to study the influence of cadmium stress on loach liver. [ Method ] FTIR-NEXUSTM Fourier transform infrared spectrometer（FTIR） was used to scan liver sample with wavelength from 1 800 -400 cm^...[ Objective ] In order to study the influence of cadmium stress on loach liver. [ Method ] FTIR-NEXUSTM Fourier transform infrared spectrometer（FTIR） was used to scan liver sample with wavelength from 1 800 -400 cm^-1. The collected infrared spectrum was conducted deconvolution and curve fitting treatment to analyze changing trend of relevant macromolecular compounds in loach liver tissue under Cd^2＋ stress. [ Result ] The structures of protein and nucleic acid as well as their synthesis pathways changed significantly. [ Conclusion]FTIR technique possessed broad application value in studying animal resistance and environment monitoring.展开更多
[Objective] Aim to know the whole process of embryonic development of loach. [Method] DOM + LHRH-A2 was used to induce spawning of loach,then after fertilization,the embryos were cultured into freshwater water with te...[Objective] Aim to know the whole process of embryonic development of loach. [Method] DOM + LHRH-A2 was used to induce spawning of loach,then after fertilization,the embryos were cultured into freshwater water with temperature from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. The embryonic development of loach was observed and 27 concrete morphological characteristics and development time of loach from fertilized egg to newly hatched larval period were described in detail. [Result] The embryonic development of loach could be divided into cleavage stage,blastocyst stage,gastrula stage,neurula stage and organogenesis stage. The loach embryo from fertilized egg to out membrane period was 30 h 45 min in fresh water from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. [Conclusion] It provided important reference for studying artificial propagation and genetic breeding of loach.展开更多
To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste （e-waste） recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment usin...To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste （e-waste） recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach （Misgurnus anguiUicaudatus） as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept in net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site （27%, 19/70） and from reference site （70%, 49/70）. Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied, the mean concentration of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L （dissolved phase）. BDE 209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE 209 （less than 0.01% of total PBDEs） and high concentration of BDE47 （up to 39.34% of total PBDEs） were detected in loaches.展开更多
A nemacheilid loach not recorded for China so far has been collected during a survey of the Nanxinghe River,Luosuojiang River subbasin,Mekong basin.The specimens could be identified as Schistura porthos Kottelat,2000....A nemacheilid loach not recorded for China so far has been collected during a survey of the Nanxinghe River,Luosuojiang River subbasin,Mekong basin.The specimens could be identified as Schistura porthos Kottelat,2000.The occurrence in the Luosuojiang River subbasin is a distributional range extension.展开更多
Preliminary study is carried out on the endocrine-disrupting organic chemicals of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs: PCB-28, 60, 104, 153, 190) in hard roes of loaches( Misgurnus anguillicaudatas ) in Weishanhu Lake, Chi...Preliminary study is carried out on the endocrine-disrupting organic chemicals of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs: PCB-28, 60, 104, 153, 190) in hard roes of loaches( Misgurnus anguillicaudatas ) in Weishanhu Lake, China. Results showed that the hard roes of loaches collected from the areas near the influx(such as Pengkou T-PCB=0.243 μg/g) or efflux(such as Hanzhuang T-PCB=0.221 μg/g) are characterized by higher PCB contents, about 4 times that from the central lake(T-PCB=0.066 μg/g), suggesting great difference between their pollutions. The PCB distributions indicated that PCB congeners with more chlorine are more easily accumulated in roes of loaches. The microscopic characteristics reveal that the PCB contents at present cannot lead the roes of loaches to be abnormal. However, the roes with higher PCBs in Pengkou and Hanzhuang are obviously bigger than those with lower PCBs(T-PCBs≤0.176 μg/g) in other localities. It is suggested that PCBs have a stronger estrogenic activity on the roes of loaches, and the phenomenon is likely premonitory for the abnormal development of the hard roes.展开更多
A novel oligosaccharide was isolated and purified from the mucus of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. It was identified by several qualitative tests and characterized by elementary analysis, UV and IR spectrum. ...A novel oligosaccharide was isolated and purified from the mucus of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. It was identified by several qualitative tests and characterized by elementary analysis, UV and IR spectrum. Its average molecular weight (Mw=1539.4) was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The major structural monomers of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus oligosaccharide were identified to be D-galactose and L-fucose by paper chromatography and gas chromatography.展开更多
The developmental fate of the pronuclei in recombined embryos obtained by transplanting the donor nuclei into the non-enucleated eggs remains controversial in the case of fish. In the present study, the nuclei from th...The developmental fate of the pronuclei in recombined embryos obtained by transplanting the donor nuclei into the non-enucleated eggs remains controversial in the case of fish. In the present study, the nuclei from the loach blastulae were transplanted into non-enucleated zebrafish eggs, the resulting 9 inter-family nuclear transplant embryos developed to larval stages. Although the development timing of the nuclear transplants resembled that of zebrafish, chromosome examination revealed that most of the recombined embryos were diploids with karyotype characteristic of loach, which was also proved by RAPD analysis. Moreover, 3 out of the 9 larval fish formed barb rudiments specific to loach. It was therefore concluded that the nuclear transplant larval fish were inter-family nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids; and that only the donor nuclei were involved in the development of the nuclear transplant embryos, while the pronuclei in the non-enucleated eggs were likely automatically eliminated during the development.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of acetochlor in loaches. [Methods]Loaches were put into the acetochlor solution with concentrations of 0,0. 062 5,0. 125,0. 25,0. 5 and 1 μl/L,re...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of acetochlor in loaches. [Methods]Loaches were put into the acetochlor solution with concentrations of 0,0. 062 5,0. 125,0. 25,0. 5 and 1 μl/L,respectively. The effects on dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD),catalase( CAT) and glutathione( GSH) activity and malondialdehyde( MDA) content in the liver of loaches were analyzed after 12,24,48 and 72 h of exposure. [Results] The activity of SOD,POD,CAT and GSH increased with the stress time and concentration,reached their maximums at 48 h after acetochlor treatment,and then decreased.However,MDA content increased with the stress time and concentration. [Conclusions] Acetochlor had obvious oxidative stress on loaches,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and GSH showed an obvious induction-inhibition effect with the increase of acetochlor concentration and the extension of stress time.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of new fly maggot protein feed on the mRNA expression of genes related to the TOR signaling pathway in loaches(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). [Methods] Two ki...[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of new fly maggot protein feed on the mRNA expression of genes related to the TOR signaling pathway in loaches(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). [Methods] Two kinds of test feed with equal nitrogen and energy were prepared by replacing 60% of the fish meal in the control group with the new fly maggot protein feed, i.e., Diet1(control group) and Diet2(60% fish meal replacement group). The feeding experiment was carried out in an indoor circulating water system, and the breeding period was 60 d. [Results] For the livers, the mRNA levels of TOR and 4EBP1 in the Diet2 group were significantly higher than those in the Diet1 group(P<0.05), while the expression of 4 EBP2 was lower than in the Diet1 group(P<0.05);and as to the muscles, the mRNA levels of TOR and 4EBP1 in the Diet2 group were significantly lower than those in the Diet1 group(P<0.05), while there was no significant change in the mRNA level of 4EBP2 between the two groups. [Conclusions] The replacement of fish meal by fly maggot cultures affected the mRNA expression of TOR, 4EBP1 and 4EBP2 in loach livers and muscles.展开更多
Electrofusion between blastula cells and unfertilized eggs in loach were investigated usingdielectrophoretic field where, under alternating sinusoidal electric field, blastula cells formed beads-like chain in close co...Electrofusion between blastula cells and unfertilized eggs in loach were investigated usingdielectrophoretic field where, under alternating sinusoidal electric field, blastula cells formed beads-like chain in close contact with the unfertilized egg and cell fusion occurred between eggs and thecells in tight contact with them. The nuclei ofblastula cells were brought into the cytoplasm of therecipient eggs, where they promoted the development of the fused eggs just like the zygote nuclei.But the development of the fused eggs was different from that of zygotes. Several nuclei might enterone and the same egg simultaneously and all of them could undergo division, resulting in severalblastomere after the first cleavage of the recipient egg. Before blastula stage, the embryo developingfrom the fused egg showcd irregular shape, but it was soon regulated and developed to a normalblastula which often continued its development into a normal individual. Cell/egg electrofusion cameto its highest fosion rate (80%) 8nd hatching rate (20%), with cell density at 1×10~3 cells/ml, Ca^(++)concentration at 10 mM, mannitol at 0.2 M and when the blastula cells were digested with 100μg/ml pronase E for 6-10 min at 20℃. The mechanism underlying development of electrofused eggsis discussed. As the result indicates, electrofusion might prove to be a promising biotechnology justas nuclear transplantation.展开更多
To assess the interaction effect between cadmium (Cd) and 17-estradiol (E2),male Chinese loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were exposed to E2 (1 g/L) and Cd (50 or 500 g/L) alone and in combination using a semi-sta...To assess the interaction effect between cadmium (Cd) and 17-estradiol (E2),male Chinese loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were exposed to E2 (1 g/L) and Cd (50 or 500 g/L) alone and in combination using a semi-static waterborne exposure system.The effects of E2 on the accumulation and distribution of Cd,as well as the effects of Cd on vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis induced by E2,were investigated.Cd mainly accumulated in the kidneys,liver,intestines,and gills,with little amounts in muscles,bones,and gonads.Co-exposure with E2 did not change the main targets for Cd.E2 could induce Vtg synthesis in male Chinese loaches,and co-exposure with 50 or 500 g/L Cd could inhibit the Vtg induced by 1 g/L E2.Compared with the results reported in the literature,it can be concluded that factors such as fish species,Cd dosage,and manner of exposure might make contributions to the interaction between Cd and E2.Our results also suggested that male Chinese loaches are susceptible to Cd,and can be recommended as a potential sentinel species to study the ecotoxicology of heavy metals.展开更多
Male Chinese loaches were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) both singly and in combination for 42 days using semi-static waterborne exposure system. Plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) was chosen as determinin...Male Chinese loaches were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) both singly and in combination for 42 days using semi-static waterborne exposure system. Plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) was chosen as determining endpoint. The results demonstrated that 0.5 μg/L E2 could induce the enhancement of Vtg contents in male Chinese loaches after exposure for 21 days, which showed a time-related increasing manner; NP was also estrogenic to male Chinese loach, and the vitellogenic responses showed in a time-and dose-related manner, which was less potent than that of E2. The bi- nary mixtures of E2 and NP can significantly elicit the production of Vtg in male Chinese loaches, which was more potent than that of individual compounds, and Vtg induced in the binary mixture groups was higher than the summation of Vtg induced in the corresponding single-compound groups at the same concentration.展开更多
文摘[ Objective ] In order to study the influence of cadmium stress on loach liver. [ Method ] FTIR-NEXUSTM Fourier transform infrared spectrometer（FTIR） was used to scan liver sample with wavelength from 1 800 -400 cm^-1. The collected infrared spectrum was conducted deconvolution and curve fitting treatment to analyze changing trend of relevant macromolecular compounds in loach liver tissue under Cd^2＋ stress. [ Result ] The structures of protein and nucleic acid as well as their synthesis pathways changed significantly. [ Conclusion]FTIR technique possessed broad application value in studying animal resistance and environment monitoring.
文摘[Objective] Aim to know the whole process of embryonic development of loach. [Method] DOM + LHRH-A2 was used to induce spawning of loach,then after fertilization,the embryos were cultured into freshwater water with temperature from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. The embryonic development of loach was observed and 27 concrete morphological characteristics and development time of loach from fertilized egg to newly hatched larval period were described in detail. [Result] The embryonic development of loach could be divided into cleavage stage,blastocyst stage,gastrula stage,neurula stage and organogenesis stage. The loach embryo from fertilized egg to out membrane period was 30 h 45 min in fresh water from 24 to 26 ℃ and pH from 7.0 to 7.5. [Conclusion] It provided important reference for studying artificial propagation and genetic breeding of loach.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KZCX2-YW-420-3)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2003CB415005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20437020, 20677074)
文摘To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste （e-waste） recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach （Misgurnus anguiUicaudatus） as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept in net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site （27%, 19/70） and from reference site （70%, 49/70）. Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied, the mean concentration of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L （dissolved phase）. BDE 209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE 209 （less than 0.01% of total PBDEs） and high concentration of BDE47 （up to 39.34% of total PBDEs） were detected in loaches.
文摘A nemacheilid loach not recorded for China so far has been collected during a survey of the Nanxinghe River,Luosuojiang River subbasin,Mekong basin.The specimens could be identified as Schistura porthos Kottelat,2000.The occurrence in the Luosuojiang River subbasin is a distributional range extension.
文摘Preliminary study is carried out on the endocrine-disrupting organic chemicals of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs: PCB-28, 60, 104, 153, 190) in hard roes of loaches( Misgurnus anguillicaudatas ) in Weishanhu Lake, China. Results showed that the hard roes of loaches collected from the areas near the influx(such as Pengkou T-PCB=0.243 μg/g) or efflux(such as Hanzhuang T-PCB=0.221 μg/g) are characterized by higher PCB contents, about 4 times that from the central lake(T-PCB=0.066 μg/g), suggesting great difference between their pollutions. The PCB distributions indicated that PCB congeners with more chlorine are more easily accumulated in roes of loaches. The microscopic characteristics reveal that the PCB contents at present cannot lead the roes of loaches to be abnormal. However, the roes with higher PCBs in Pengkou and Hanzhuang are obviously bigger than those with lower PCBs(T-PCBs≤0.176 μg/g) in other localities. It is suggested that PCBs have a stronger estrogenic activity on the roes of loaches, and the phenomenon is likely premonitory for the abnormal development of the hard roes.
文摘A novel oligosaccharide was isolated and purified from the mucus of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. It was identified by several qualitative tests and characterized by elementary analysis, UV and IR spectrum. Its average molecular weight (Mw=1539.4) was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The major structural monomers of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus oligosaccharide were identified to be D-galactose and L-fucose by paper chromatography and gas chromatography.
文摘The developmental fate of the pronuclei in recombined embryos obtained by transplanting the donor nuclei into the non-enucleated eggs remains controversial in the case of fish. In the present study, the nuclei from the loach blastulae were transplanted into non-enucleated zebrafish eggs, the resulting 9 inter-family nuclear transplant embryos developed to larval stages. Although the development timing of the nuclear transplants resembled that of zebrafish, chromosome examination revealed that most of the recombined embryos were diploids with karyotype characteristic of loach, which was also proved by RAPD analysis. Moreover, 3 out of the 9 larval fish formed barb rudiments specific to loach. It was therefore concluded that the nuclear transplant larval fish were inter-family nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids; and that only the donor nuclei were involved in the development of the nuclear transplant embryos, while the pronuclei in the non-enucleated eggs were likely automatically eliminated during the development.
基金Supported by the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Plan Program (NO. 2019NK4170)the Important Project of Hunan Province Education Department (NO. 19A259)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of acetochlor in loaches. [Methods]Loaches were put into the acetochlor solution with concentrations of 0,0. 062 5,0. 125,0. 25,0. 5 and 1 μl/L,respectively. The effects on dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD),catalase( CAT) and glutathione( GSH) activity and malondialdehyde( MDA) content in the liver of loaches were analyzed after 12,24,48 and 72 h of exposure. [Results] The activity of SOD,POD,CAT and GSH increased with the stress time and concentration,reached their maximums at 48 h after acetochlor treatment,and then decreased.However,MDA content increased with the stress time and concentration. [Conclusions] Acetochlor had obvious oxidative stress on loaches,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and GSH showed an obvious induction-inhibition effect with the increase of acetochlor concentration and the extension of stress time.
基金Supported by General Project of Natural Science Research in Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(18KJD240001)Xuzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(KC19200)2018“Qinglan Project”of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of new fly maggot protein feed on the mRNA expression of genes related to the TOR signaling pathway in loaches(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). [Methods] Two kinds of test feed with equal nitrogen and energy were prepared by replacing 60% of the fish meal in the control group with the new fly maggot protein feed, i.e., Diet1(control group) and Diet2(60% fish meal replacement group). The feeding experiment was carried out in an indoor circulating water system, and the breeding period was 60 d. [Results] For the livers, the mRNA levels of TOR and 4EBP1 in the Diet2 group were significantly higher than those in the Diet1 group(P<0.05), while the expression of 4 EBP2 was lower than in the Diet1 group(P<0.05);and as to the muscles, the mRNA levels of TOR and 4EBP1 in the Diet2 group were significantly lower than those in the Diet1 group(P<0.05), while there was no significant change in the mRNA level of 4EBP2 between the two groups. [Conclusions] The replacement of fish meal by fly maggot cultures affected the mRNA expression of TOR, 4EBP1 and 4EBP2 in loach livers and muscles.
基金This work was supported by grants from Chinese National High-Tech.Project.
文摘Electrofusion between blastula cells and unfertilized eggs in loach were investigated usingdielectrophoretic field where, under alternating sinusoidal electric field, blastula cells formed beads-like chain in close contact with the unfertilized egg and cell fusion occurred between eggs and thecells in tight contact with them. The nuclei ofblastula cells were brought into the cytoplasm of therecipient eggs, where they promoted the development of the fused eggs just like the zygote nuclei.But the development of the fused eggs was different from that of zygotes. Several nuclei might enterone and the same egg simultaneously and all of them could undergo division, resulting in severalblastomere after the first cleavage of the recipient egg. Before blastula stage, the embryo developingfrom the fused egg showcd irregular shape, but it was soon regulated and developed to a normalblastula which often continued its development into a normal individual. Cell/egg electrofusion cameto its highest fosion rate (80%) 8nd hatching rate (20%), with cell density at 1×10~3 cells/ml, Ca^(++)concentration at 10 mM, mannitol at 0.2 M and when the blastula cells were digested with 100μg/ml pronase E for 6-10 min at 20℃. The mechanism underlying development of electrofused eggsis discussed. As the result indicates, electrofusion might prove to be a promising biotechnology justas nuclear transplantation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20905007)State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KF2010-09)
文摘To assess the interaction effect between cadmium (Cd) and 17-estradiol (E2),male Chinese loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were exposed to E2 (1 g/L) and Cd (50 or 500 g/L) alone and in combination using a semi-static waterborne exposure system.The effects of E2 on the accumulation and distribution of Cd,as well as the effects of Cd on vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis induced by E2,were investigated.Cd mainly accumulated in the kidneys,liver,intestines,and gills,with little amounts in muscles,bones,and gonads.Co-exposure with E2 did not change the main targets for Cd.E2 could induce Vtg synthesis in male Chinese loaches,and co-exposure with 50 or 500 g/L Cd could inhibit the Vtg induced by 1 g/L E2.Compared with the results reported in the literature,it can be concluded that factors such as fish species,Cd dosage,and manner of exposure might make contributions to the interaction between Cd and E2.Our results also suggested that male Chinese loaches are susceptible to Cd,and can be recommended as a potential sentinel species to study the ecotoxicology of heavy metals.
基金Supported by the State High Tech Development Plan (Grant No. 2006AA06Z424)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2003CB415001)+1 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40503014)Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-431)
文摘Male Chinese loaches were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) both singly and in combination for 42 days using semi-static waterborne exposure system. Plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) was chosen as determining endpoint. The results demonstrated that 0.5 μg/L E2 could induce the enhancement of Vtg contents in male Chinese loaches after exposure for 21 days, which showed a time-related increasing manner; NP was also estrogenic to male Chinese loach, and the vitellogenic responses showed in a time-and dose-related manner, which was less potent than that of E2. The bi- nary mixtures of E2 and NP can significantly elicit the production of Vtg in male Chinese loaches, which was more potent than that of individual compounds, and Vtg induced in the binary mixture groups was higher than the summation of Vtg induced in the corresponding single-compound groups at the same concentration.
