In the production of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and recycling of spent LIBs,a large amount of low-concentration lithium-containing wastewater(LCW)is generated.The recovery of Li from this medium has attracted signific...In the production of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and recycling of spent LIBs,a large amount of low-concentration lithium-containing wastewater(LCW)is generated.The recovery of Li from this medium has attracted significant global attention from both the environmental and economic perspectives.To achieve effective Li recycling,the features of impurity removal and the interactions among different ions must be understood.However,it is generally dificult to ensure highly efficient removal of impurity ions while retaining Li in the solution for further recovery.In this study,the removal of typical impurity ions from LCW and the interactions between these species were systematically investigated from the thermodynamic and kinetics aspects.It was found that the main impurities(e.g.,Fe^+,AIP^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+)could be efficiently removed with high Li recovery by control-ling the ionic strength of the solution.The mechanisms of Fe^3+,Al^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+removal were investigated to identify the controlling steps and reaction kinetics.It was found that the precipitates are formed by a zero-order reaction,and the activation energies tend to be low with a sequence of fast chemical reactions that reach equilibrium very quickly.Moreover,this study focused on Li loss during removal of the impurities,and the corresponding removal rates of Fe^+,Al^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+were found to be 99.8%,99.5%,99%,and 99.7%,respectively.Conse-quently,high-purity LisPO4 was obtained via one-step precipitation.Thus,this research demonstrates a potential route for the effective recovery of Li from low-concentra-tion LCW and for the appropriate treatment of acidic LCW.展开更多
The demand for lithium resources is increasing sharply with the rapid development of electric vehicles.It is of great economic significance to expand the geological resources of lithium and improve the utilization rat...The demand for lithium resources is increasing sharply with the rapid development of electric vehicles.It is of great economic significance to expand the geological resources of lithium and improve the utilization rate of lithium-containing salt lakes.In this paper,the hydrochemical types of the lithium-containing salt lakes in the Tibet Plateau were classified according to a large amount of hydrochemical data obtained from a recent investigation on the Tibet Plateau.In addition,the lithium extraction methods used in the salt lakes within each hydrochemical type area were analyzed and summarized,which provided a reference for the selection of lithium extraction processes in the same hydrochemical type of lithium-containing salt lakes in the future.The binding energies of Li(l)and anions in salt lakes with different hydrochemical types were calculated by density functional theory,which provides the theoretical basis for selecting the best lithium extraction technology in different salt lakes.We emphasize that the process with the combined characteristics of high efficiency,economy and environmental protection should be selected according to the hydrochemical type of different salt lakes.In the future,different salt lakes should focus on direct lithium extraction technology from the original brine.展开更多
1 Introduction With the industrial development of lithium battery,nuclear and aerospace industry,the demands of metal lithium and its compounds are increasing significantly.Lithium is called as the energy of the metal...1 Introduction With the industrial development of lithium battery,nuclear and aerospace industry,the demands of metal lithium and its compounds are increasing significantly.Lithium is called as the energy of the metal in the new century(Zhang et al.2001).The total reserve of lithium resources around the world7展开更多
High-capacity lithium-containing alloy anodes(e.g.,Li4.4Si,Li4.4Sn,and Li3P)enable lithium-free cathodes(e.g.,Sulfur,V2O5,and FeF3)to produce next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy density.Herein,...High-capacity lithium-containing alloy anodes(e.g.,Li4.4Si,Li4.4Sn,and Li3P)enable lithium-free cathodes(e.g.,Sulfur,V2O5,and FeF3)to produce next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy density.Herein,we design a Li3P/C nanocomposite with Li3P ultrafine nanodomains embedded in micrometer-scale porous carbon particles.Benefiting from the unique micro/nanostructure of the Li3P/C nanocomposite,electrons transfer rapidly through the conductive pathway provided by the porous carbon framework and the volume change between Li3P and P is confined in the nanopores of the carbon,which avoids the collapse of the whole Li3P/C composite particles.As expected,the as-achieved Li3P/C nanocomposite provided a high available lithium-ion capacity of 791 mAh/g(calculated based on the mass of Li3P/C)at 0.1 C during the initial delithiation process.Meanwhile,the Li3P/C nanocomposite showed 75%of its 0.5 C capacity at 6 C and stable cycling stability.展开更多
As draw solute is the core element of forward osmosis(FO)technology,here Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N synthesized from a customized ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([Hbet][Tf_(2)N])and Li2CO_(3) recovered fr...As draw solute is the core element of forward osmosis(FO)technology,here Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N synthesized from a customized ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([Hbet][Tf_(2)N])and Li2CO_(3) recovered from lithium-ion battery(LIB)wastes is proposed as a novel draw solute to treat Li+-containing wastewater from LIB manufacturing through FO filtration.Having high dissociation ability and an extended structure,Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N generates a sufficiently high osmotic pressure to drive the FO filtration efficiently along with insignificant reverse solute diffusion.Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N produces a water flux of 21.3 L·(m^(2)·h)–1 at 1.0 mol∙L^(-1) against deionized water,surpassing conventional NaCl and MgCl2 draw solutes with a higher water recovery efficiency and a smaller solute loss.Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N induces a more stable and higher water permeation flux with a 10.0%water flux decline than NaCl and MgCl_(2) for which the water fluxes decline 16.7%and 16.4%,respectively,during the treatment of 2000 mg∙L^(-1) Li+-containing wastewater for 12 h.More remarkably,unlike other draw solutes which require intensive energy input and complicated processes in recycling,Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N is easily separated from water via solvent extraction.Reproducible results are achieved with the recycled Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N.Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N thus demonstrates a novel class of draw solute with great potentials to treat wastewater economically.展开更多
基金support for this research from the National Key Research and Development Program ofChina(No.2017YFB0403300 and 2017YFB0403305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51425405,51674022,and L1624051)+1 种基金Key Program of Chinese Acadermy of Sciences KFZD-SW-3151000 Talents Program of China(Z.S),as well as the Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Major Projects(MC2016-05).
文摘In the production of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and recycling of spent LIBs,a large amount of low-concentration lithium-containing wastewater(LCW)is generated.The recovery of Li from this medium has attracted significant global attention from both the environmental and economic perspectives.To achieve effective Li recycling,the features of impurity removal and the interactions among different ions must be understood.However,it is generally dificult to ensure highly efficient removal of impurity ions while retaining Li in the solution for further recovery.In this study,the removal of typical impurity ions from LCW and the interactions between these species were systematically investigated from the thermodynamic and kinetics aspects.It was found that the main impurities(e.g.,Fe^+,AIP^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+)could be efficiently removed with high Li recovery by control-ling the ionic strength of the solution.The mechanisms of Fe^3+,Al^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+removal were investigated to identify the controlling steps and reaction kinetics.It was found that the precipitates are formed by a zero-order reaction,and the activation energies tend to be low with a sequence of fast chemical reactions that reach equilibrium very quickly.Moreover,this study focused on Li loss during removal of the impurities,and the corresponding removal rates of Fe^+,Al^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+were found to be 99.8%,99.5%,99%,and 99.7%,respectively.Conse-quently,high-purity LisPO4 was obtained via one-step precipitation.Thus,this research demonstrates a potential route for the effective recovery of Li from low-concentra-tion LCW and for the appropriate treatment of acidic LCW.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(No.91962219).
文摘The demand for lithium resources is increasing sharply with the rapid development of electric vehicles.It is of great economic significance to expand the geological resources of lithium and improve the utilization rate of lithium-containing salt lakes.In this paper,the hydrochemical types of the lithium-containing salt lakes in the Tibet Plateau were classified according to a large amount of hydrochemical data obtained from a recent investigation on the Tibet Plateau.In addition,the lithium extraction methods used in the salt lakes within each hydrochemical type area were analyzed and summarized,which provided a reference for the selection of lithium extraction processes in the same hydrochemical type of lithium-containing salt lakes in the future.The binding energies of Li(l)and anions in salt lakes with different hydrochemical types were calculated by density functional theory,which provides the theoretical basis for selecting the best lithium extraction technology in different salt lakes.We emphasize that the process with the combined characteristics of high efficiency,economy and environmental protection should be selected according to the hydrochemical type of different salt lakes.In the future,different salt lakes should focus on direct lithium extraction technology from the original brine.
基金Financial supports from National Natural Science of China (21276194)the Key Pillar Program of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology (11ZCKGX02800)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Chinese Higher Education (20101208110003)The Research Fund of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry (201206)
文摘1 Introduction With the industrial development of lithium battery,nuclear and aerospace industry,the demands of metal lithium and its compounds are increasing significantly.Lithium is called as the energy of the metal in the new century(Zhang et al.2001).The total reserve of lithium resources around the world7
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51802105)and Innovation Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.E.M.acknowledges support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:2019JYCXJJ014).The authors would like to thank the Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology as well as the Center for Nanoscale Characterization&Devices of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics for providing the facilities to conduct the characterization.
文摘High-capacity lithium-containing alloy anodes(e.g.,Li4.4Si,Li4.4Sn,and Li3P)enable lithium-free cathodes(e.g.,Sulfur,V2O5,and FeF3)to produce next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy density.Herein,we design a Li3P/C nanocomposite with Li3P ultrafine nanodomains embedded in micrometer-scale porous carbon particles.Benefiting from the unique micro/nanostructure of the Li3P/C nanocomposite,electrons transfer rapidly through the conductive pathway provided by the porous carbon framework and the volume change between Li3P and P is confined in the nanopores of the carbon,which avoids the collapse of the whole Li3P/C composite particles.As expected,the as-achieved Li3P/C nanocomposite provided a high available lithium-ion capacity of 791 mAh/g(calculated based on the mass of Li3P/C)at 0.1 C during the initial delithiation process.Meanwhile,the Li3P/C nanocomposite showed 75%of its 0.5 C capacity at 6 C and stable cycling stability.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21677035)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J01629).
文摘As draw solute is the core element of forward osmosis(FO)technology,here Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N synthesized from a customized ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([Hbet][Tf_(2)N])and Li2CO_(3) recovered from lithium-ion battery(LIB)wastes is proposed as a novel draw solute to treat Li+-containing wastewater from LIB manufacturing through FO filtration.Having high dissociation ability and an extended structure,Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N generates a sufficiently high osmotic pressure to drive the FO filtration efficiently along with insignificant reverse solute diffusion.Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N produces a water flux of 21.3 L·(m^(2)·h)–1 at 1.0 mol∙L^(-1) against deionized water,surpassing conventional NaCl and MgCl2 draw solutes with a higher water recovery efficiency and a smaller solute loss.Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N induces a more stable and higher water permeation flux with a 10.0%water flux decline than NaCl and MgCl_(2) for which the water fluxes decline 16.7%and 16.4%,respectively,during the treatment of 2000 mg∙L^(-1) Li+-containing wastewater for 12 h.More remarkably,unlike other draw solutes which require intensive energy input and complicated processes in recycling,Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N is easily separated from water via solvent extraction.Reproducible results are achieved with the recycled Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N.Li-Bet-Tf_(2)N thus demonstrates a novel class of draw solute with great potentials to treat wastewater economically.
