针对复杂背景下红外小目标检测面临的检测精度不足、算法计算复杂度高以及漏检和虚警等问题,提出一种基于改进RT-DETR的面向红外小目标场景的轻量级检测算法(Lightweight Infrared Small Target-Detection Transformer,LIST-DETR)。首先...针对复杂背景下红外小目标检测面临的检测精度不足、算法计算复杂度高以及漏检和虚警等问题,提出一种基于改进RT-DETR的面向红外小目标场景的轻量级检测算法(Lightweight Infrared Small Target-Detection Transformer,LIST-DETR)。首先,采用轻量化双卷积核优化主干特征提取网络,在保证网络轻量化的同时显著提升模型检测精度;其次,提出基于动态位置偏差与注意力机制的高效尺度内特征交互模块(Dynamic Position Bias-Attention-based Intrascale Feature Interaction,DPB-AIFI),有效增强了弱小目标的定位精度与背景抑制能力;此外,设计的轻量级高效特征融合模块RetBlockC3在保证实时性的同时,优化了模型的特征融合效果;最后,采用超轻量动态上采样替代最近邻上采样,提升了模型对小目标特征信息的捕捉能力。实验结果表明,LIST-DETR模型在三个具有典型复杂背景的红外数据集上均取得了优异性能:m AP@0.5指标分别达到97.2%、98.4%和85.8%,相较于基线模型分别提升2.3%、1.2%和3.2%。此外,与现有先进算法相比,LIST-DETR在模型体积、参数量及计算量等性能指标上均获得显著改善,为复杂背.景下红外小目标的高质量检测提供了新的解决方案。展开更多
In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs a...In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.展开更多
The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of p...The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of possessing academic vocabulary knowledge for academic success.Recognizing this importance,it is crucial for researchers,teachers,and learners to understand the progress made in academic word lists.This systematic review first identifies,describes,appraises,and synthesizes the development of academic word lists from 2000 to 2020.It then examines the methods used by researchers in developing academic word lists among 56 studies that meet the pre-established criteria.The word lists were classified based on some criteria such as word counting units,corpora types/sizes,and exclusion criteria.Limitations,suggestions for further study,and implications are also discussed.Additionally,recommendations for future word list establishment are provided to help advance the field of word list development.展开更多
The Reference Listed drug(RLD)plays a critical role in the development and research of generic medicinal products,serving as the comparator product used in the marketing authorization application of new generic medici...The Reference Listed drug(RLD)plays a critical role in the development and research of generic medicinal products,serving as the comparator product used in the marketing authorization application of new generic medicinal product and re-evaluation of generic medicinal product.In China,RLDs are sourced from various origins,but their quality and market availability can be constrained by multiple factors,including emergent issues such as nitrosamine impurities.Five classes of medicinal products have been reported to be at risk for containing nitrosamine impurities:sartan-based medicines,metformin-containing products,ranitidine medicines,rifampicin medicines,and Champix.This paper explores the control strategies implemented by drug regulatory agencies in the United States and the European Union to manage nitrosamine impurities and assesses their impact on the market availability and quality of RLDs in China.The aim is to offer valuable insights for generic drug manufacturers and regulatory bodies both domestically and internationally.展开更多
With the relaxation of the market access negative list,private enterprises in China are embracing more development opportunities.THE Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition)was officially released on April 24,the...With the relaxation of the market access negative list,private enterprises in China are embracing more development opportunities.THE Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition)was officially released on April 24,the fourth revision since the first edition was introduced in 2018.The new edition reduced the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106,according to the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),China’s top economic planner.展开更多
Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-med...Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-medium length regime.However,this list decoding complexity becomes formidable as the decoding output list size increases.This is primarily incurred by the OSD.Addressing this challenge,this paper proposes the low complexity SCL decoding through reducing the complexity of component code decoding,and pruning the redundant SCL decoding paths.For the former,an efficient skipping rule is introduced for the OSD so that the higher order decoding can be skipped when they are not possible to provide a more likely codeword candidate.It is further extended to the OSD variant,the box-andmatch algorithm(BMA),in facilitating the component code decoding.Moreover,through estimating the correlation distance lower bounds(CDLBs)of the component code decoding outputs,a path pruning(PP)-SCL decoding is proposed to further facilitate the decoding of U-UV codes.In particular,its integration with the improved OSD and BMA is discussed.Simulation results show that significant complexity reduction can be achieved.Consequently,the U-UV codes can outperform the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)-polar codes with a similar decoding complexity.展开更多
Rare earths,as a strategic mineral resource,play a vital role in high-tech industries such as aerospace,national defense and military,electronic information,and new energy.With the accelerated evolution of the new rou...Rare earths,as a strategic mineral resource,play a vital role in high-tech industries such as aerospace,national defense and military,electronic information,and new energy.With the accelerated evolution of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,global supply chain security risks have become more prominent.The focus of major countries'resource security assurance has also shifted from bulk minerals to critical minerals.展开更多
Belief propagation list(BPL) decoding for polar codes has attracted more attention due to its inherent parallel nature. However, a large gap still exists with CRC-aided SCL(CA-SCL) decoding.In this work, an improved s...Belief propagation list(BPL) decoding for polar codes has attracted more attention due to its inherent parallel nature. However, a large gap still exists with CRC-aided SCL(CA-SCL) decoding.In this work, an improved segmented belief propagation list decoding based on bit flipping(SBPL-BF) is proposed. On the one hand, the proposed algorithm makes use of the cooperative characteristic in BPL decoding such that the codeword is decoded in different BP decoders. Based on this characteristic, the unreliable bits for flipping could be split into multiple subblocks and could be flipped in different decoders simultaneously. On the other hand, a more flexible and effective processing strategy for the priori information of the unfrozen bits that do not need to be flipped is designed to improve the decoding convergence. In addition, this is the first proposal in BPL decoding which jointly optimizes the bit flipping of the information bits and the code bits. In particular, for bit flipping of the code bits, a H-matrix aided bit-flipping algorithm is designed to enhance the accuracy in identifying erroneous code bits. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the errorcorrection performance of BPL decoding for medium and long codes. It is more than 0.25 d B better than the state-of-the-art BPL decoding at a block error rate(BLER) of 10^(-5), and outperforms CA-SCL decoding in the low signal-to-noise(SNR) region for(1024, 0.5)polar codes.展开更多
Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linka...Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.展开更多
On Apr.26th,2024,with the release of Marumi’s financial report,the listed enterprises of domestic cosmetics announced their performance for 2023.Upon analyzing the the list of TOP 10 listed enterprises of domestic co...On Apr.26th,2024,with the release of Marumi’s financial report,the listed enterprises of domestic cosmetics announced their performance for 2023.Upon analyzing the the list of TOP 10 listed enterprises of domestic cosmetics from 2021 to 2023(Only enterprises with makeups/daily cosmetics as their main businesses have been counted),it is found that there were new changes in the list for 2023.On the one hand,the TOP 1 listed enterprise of domestic cosmetics has been replaced by PROYA.展开更多
On Mar.29th,2024,Bawei Biotechnology was listed at Beijing Stock Exchange.So far,Bawei Biotechnology has smoothly become“the first cosmetics OEM listed at Beijing Stock Exchange”,as well as the first A-share cosmeti...On Mar.29th,2024,Bawei Biotechnology was listed at Beijing Stock Exchange.So far,Bawei Biotechnology has smoothly become“the first cosmetics OEM listed at Beijing Stock Exchange”,as well as the first A-share cosmetics enterprise listed in 2024.At the opening quotation,the stock price increase of Bawei Biotechnology exceeded 200%,and the total market value exceeded 1.4 billion yuan.Bawei Biotechnology mainly engages in the R&D,production,sales and detection of cosmetics,with the product category covering skin care product,facial mask,toiletry,and makeup.So far,it has served a total of 1,000 cosmetics brands,including Unilever,Renhe Ingenuity,HBN,SKINTIFIC,Marubi Biotechnology,PROF.展开更多
In the first half of 2024,due to the diversified global supply and increasing supply in the domestic market,rare earth prices fluctuated largely and it showed an oversupply in the market in the short term.The prices o...In the first half of 2024,due to the diversified global supply and increasing supply in the domestic market,rare earth prices fluctuated largely and it showed an oversupply in the market in the short term.The prices of mainstream rare earth products slumped and the average price decreased year-on-year.The overall rare earth market was weak.Except for cerium products,the prices of major light rare earth products,such as praseodymium and neodymium,generally showed a downward trend since the beginning of the year,and the average price dropped sharply year-on-year.Driven by the continuous increase in demand for CeFeB permanent magnets,the price of cerium products ran steadily since the initial move.The price of medium and heavy rare earth products such as dysprosium and terbium showed a similar downward trend to that of praseodymium and neodymium products.Generally,the rare earth market in the first half of 2024 mainly reflected in the fast and significant price drop and lasted for a long period,which resulted in the evidently decline in the performances of both upstream and downstream rare earth enterprises in China.展开更多
The list extremal number f（G） is defined for a graph G as the smallest integer k such that the join of G with a stable set of size k is not ｜V（G）｜-choosable. In this paper, we find the exact value of f（G）, whe...The list extremal number f（G） is defined for a graph G as the smallest integer k such that the join of G with a stable set of size k is not ｜V（G）｜-choosable. In this paper, we find the exact value of f（G）, where G is the union of edge-disjoint cycles of length three, four, five and six. Our results confirm two conjectures posed by S. Gravier, F. Maffray and B. Mohar.展开更多
Language is the tool of communication. English is a compulsory course for every student. English listening, as an essential part of English learning, is an effective way to obtain new information. But for many student...Language is the tool of communication. English is a compulsory course for every student. English listening, as an essential part of English learning, is an effective way to obtain new information. But for many students, the most difficult part for them is listening. The paper aims to give some suggestions to the college English learners and to help them to improve their listening comprehension abilities. Such as: to strengthen language knowledge, to build up self-confidence, to use listening strategies, to learn western culture, and to listen extensively.展开更多
文摘In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.
文摘The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of possessing academic vocabulary knowledge for academic success.Recognizing this importance,it is crucial for researchers,teachers,and learners to understand the progress made in academic word lists.This systematic review first identifies,describes,appraises,and synthesizes the development of academic word lists from 2000 to 2020.It then examines the methods used by researchers in developing academic word lists among 56 studies that meet the pre-established criteria.The word lists were classified based on some criteria such as word counting units,corpora types/sizes,and exclusion criteria.Limitations,suggestions for further study,and implications are also discussed.Additionally,recommendations for future word list establishment are provided to help advance the field of word list development.
基金Subject construction funding project of Institute for Chemical Drug Control(Grant No.2024HYZX42)in National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing,China。
文摘The Reference Listed drug(RLD)plays a critical role in the development and research of generic medicinal products,serving as the comparator product used in the marketing authorization application of new generic medicinal product and re-evaluation of generic medicinal product.In China,RLDs are sourced from various origins,but their quality and market availability can be constrained by multiple factors,including emergent issues such as nitrosamine impurities.Five classes of medicinal products have been reported to be at risk for containing nitrosamine impurities:sartan-based medicines,metformin-containing products,ranitidine medicines,rifampicin medicines,and Champix.This paper explores the control strategies implemented by drug regulatory agencies in the United States and the European Union to manage nitrosamine impurities and assesses their impact on the market availability and quality of RLDs in China.The aim is to offer valuable insights for generic drug manufacturers and regulatory bodies both domestically and internationally.
文摘With the relaxation of the market access negative list,private enterprises in China are embracing more development opportunities.THE Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition)was officially released on April 24,the fourth revision since the first edition was introduced in 2018.The new edition reduced the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106,according to the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),China’s top economic planner.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)with project ID 62071498the Guangdong National Science Foundation(GDNSF)with project ID 2024A1515010213.
文摘Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-medium length regime.However,this list decoding complexity becomes formidable as the decoding output list size increases.This is primarily incurred by the OSD.Addressing this challenge,this paper proposes the low complexity SCL decoding through reducing the complexity of component code decoding,and pruning the redundant SCL decoding paths.For the former,an efficient skipping rule is introduced for the OSD so that the higher order decoding can be skipped when they are not possible to provide a more likely codeword candidate.It is further extended to the OSD variant,the box-andmatch algorithm(BMA),in facilitating the component code decoding.Moreover,through estimating the correlation distance lower bounds(CDLBs)of the component code decoding outputs,a path pruning(PP)-SCL decoding is proposed to further facilitate the decoding of U-UV codes.In particular,its integration with the improved OSD and BMA is discussed.Simulation results show that significant complexity reduction can be achieved.Consequently,the U-UV codes can outperform the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)-polar codes with a similar decoding complexity.
文摘Rare earths,as a strategic mineral resource,play a vital role in high-tech industries such as aerospace,national defense and military,electronic information,and new energy.With the accelerated evolution of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,global supply chain security risks have become more prominent.The focus of major countries'resource security assurance has also shifted from bulk minerals to critical minerals.
基金funded by the Key Project of NSFC-Guangdong Province Joint Program(Grant No.U2001204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61873290 and 61972431)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(Grant No.202002030470)the Funding Project of Featured Major of Guangzhou Xinhua University(2021TZ002).
文摘Belief propagation list(BPL) decoding for polar codes has attracted more attention due to its inherent parallel nature. However, a large gap still exists with CRC-aided SCL(CA-SCL) decoding.In this work, an improved segmented belief propagation list decoding based on bit flipping(SBPL-BF) is proposed. On the one hand, the proposed algorithm makes use of the cooperative characteristic in BPL decoding such that the codeword is decoded in different BP decoders. Based on this characteristic, the unreliable bits for flipping could be split into multiple subblocks and could be flipped in different decoders simultaneously. On the other hand, a more flexible and effective processing strategy for the priori information of the unfrozen bits that do not need to be flipped is designed to improve the decoding convergence. In addition, this is the first proposal in BPL decoding which jointly optimizes the bit flipping of the information bits and the code bits. In particular, for bit flipping of the code bits, a H-matrix aided bit-flipping algorithm is designed to enhance the accuracy in identifying erroneous code bits. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the errorcorrection performance of BPL decoding for medium and long codes. It is more than 0.25 d B better than the state-of-the-art BPL decoding at a block error rate(BLER) of 10^(-5), and outperforms CA-SCL decoding in the low signal-to-noise(SNR) region for(1024, 0.5)polar codes.
基金Under the auspices of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China(No.22JJD790029)。
文摘Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.
文摘On Apr.26th,2024,with the release of Marumi’s financial report,the listed enterprises of domestic cosmetics announced their performance for 2023.Upon analyzing the the list of TOP 10 listed enterprises of domestic cosmetics from 2021 to 2023(Only enterprises with makeups/daily cosmetics as their main businesses have been counted),it is found that there were new changes in the list for 2023.On the one hand,the TOP 1 listed enterprise of domestic cosmetics has been replaced by PROYA.
文摘On Mar.29th,2024,Bawei Biotechnology was listed at Beijing Stock Exchange.So far,Bawei Biotechnology has smoothly become“the first cosmetics OEM listed at Beijing Stock Exchange”,as well as the first A-share cosmetics enterprise listed in 2024.At the opening quotation,the stock price increase of Bawei Biotechnology exceeded 200%,and the total market value exceeded 1.4 billion yuan.Bawei Biotechnology mainly engages in the R&D,production,sales and detection of cosmetics,with the product category covering skin care product,facial mask,toiletry,and makeup.So far,it has served a total of 1,000 cosmetics brands,including Unilever,Renhe Ingenuity,HBN,SKINTIFIC,Marubi Biotechnology,PROF.
文摘In the first half of 2024,due to the diversified global supply and increasing supply in the domestic market,rare earth prices fluctuated largely and it showed an oversupply in the market in the short term.The prices of mainstream rare earth products slumped and the average price decreased year-on-year.The overall rare earth market was weak.Except for cerium products,the prices of major light rare earth products,such as praseodymium and neodymium,generally showed a downward trend since the beginning of the year,and the average price dropped sharply year-on-year.Driven by the continuous increase in demand for CeFeB permanent magnets,the price of cerium products ran steadily since the initial move.The price of medium and heavy rare earth products such as dysprosium and terbium showed a similar downward trend to that of praseodymium and neodymium products.Generally,the rare earth market in the first half of 2024 mainly reflected in the fast and significant price drop and lasted for a long period,which resulted in the evidently decline in the performances of both upstream and downstream rare earth enterprises in China.
文摘The list extremal number f（G） is defined for a graph G as the smallest integer k such that the join of G with a stable set of size k is not ｜V（G）｜-choosable. In this paper, we find the exact value of f（G）, where G is the union of edge-disjoint cycles of length three, four, five and six. Our results confirm two conjectures posed by S. Gravier, F. Maffray and B. Mohar.
文摘Language is the tool of communication. English is a compulsory course for every student. English listening, as an essential part of English learning, is an effective way to obtain new information. But for many students, the most difficult part for them is listening. The paper aims to give some suggestions to the college English learners and to help them to improve their listening comprehension abilities. Such as: to strengthen language knowledge, to build up self-confidence, to use listening strategies, to learn western culture, and to listen extensively.
