Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the d...Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the design and development of high-throughput genotyping tools in watermelon.In this study,we identified 112000 high quality SNPs by analyzing the resequencing data of 43 cultivated watermelon accessions.11921 and 6094 SNPs were selected for developing two sets of watermelon liquid-phase chips with different marker densities,named Watermelon 10K and 5K,respectively.Furthermore,the SNPs and Indels of most mapped gene/QTLs for many agronomic important traits in watermelon were also integrated into the two chips for foreground selection.These chips have been tested using GBTS technology in various applications in watermelon.The genotyping of 76 accessions by Watermelon 5K liquid-phase chip showed an average detection rate of 99.28%and 81.78%for cultivated and wild watermelon accessions,respectively.This provided enough markers information for GWAS and two significant QTLs,ssc1.1 and ssc1.2,associated with soluble sugar content were detected.Furthermore,BSA-seq analysis for non-lobed leaf and dwarf traits were validated by liquid-phase chips,and the candidate region was consistent with our previous studies.Additionally,we precisely introduced the Cldw1 and Clbl genes into an elite inbred line WT2 using Watermelon 5K for assisted selection,resulting in the development of three new germplasm with good plant architecture.As a high-throughput genotyping liquid-phase SNP array,the Watermelon 10K and 5K chips will greatly facilitate functional studies and molecular breeding in watermelon.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI ...Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamic evolution of catalytic active sites is vital for advancing the study of liquid-phase acetylene hydrochlorination.Here,we successfully developed a Ru-DIPEA/TMS...A comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamic evolution of catalytic active sites is vital for advancing the study of liquid-phase acetylene hydrochlorination.Here,we successfully developed a Ru-DIPEA/TMS catalyst optimised through systematic composition and condition tuning,demonstrating exceptional performance with 95.5%C_(2)H_(2)conversion and sustaining over 91.1%activity along with nearly 100%selectivity for VCM during a continuous 900-h test.Using a combination of characterisation techniques,including UV–vis spectroscopy,FT-IR spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,singlecrystal X-ray diffraction,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy,along with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the structure and dynamic behaviour of the active sites were thoroughly investigated under the synergistic influence of ligands and HCl.The results revealed that HCl activation induces a significant structural transformation of the active sites,leading to the formation of a hexacoordinate complex,Ru(CO)_(2)C_(12)(C_(6)H_(15)N·HCl)_(2).DFT calculations further elucidated the mechanism underlying active site formation,revealing that an increased electron density around the Ru centre and corresponding changes in its coordination environment play critical roles in enhancing catalyst stability and activity.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural basis of active site evolution during acetylene hydrochlorination,offering both practical insights into industrial applications and foundational knowledge for advancing liquid-phase catalysis.展开更多
We present a compact cold atom platform where an optical grating chip and planar coil chip are placed inside a compact vacuum chamber to create a magneto-optical trap.This approach significantly reduces the system vol...We present a compact cold atom platform where an optical grating chip and planar coil chip are placed inside a compact vacuum chamber to create a magneto-optical trap.This approach significantly reduces the system volume to about 20×20×20 cm^(3) compared to conventional vacuum systems and offers greater flexibility in accessing the trapped atoms.We demonstrate the trapping of 3×10^(5) cold rubidium atoms at a temperature of 100μK in a vacuum pressure below 10^(−7) mbar.The simplified optical geometry,low power consumption,and high degree of integration make this a promising platform for portable and versatile cold-atom devices in quantum sensing,timing,and information processing.展开更多
Vibration detection using sensors with both wide working frequency range,good sensitivity,and other good performances is a topic of great interest in fields such as inertial navigation,deep-sea fishing boat engines co...Vibration detection using sensors with both wide working frequency range,good sensitivity,and other good performances is a topic of great interest in fields such as inertial navigation,deep-sea fishing boat engines condition monitoring,seismic monitoring,attitude,and heading reference system,etc.This paper investigates two 6H-SIC MEMS diaphragms,one triangular and the other square,used in a fiber optic Fabry–Perot(FP)accelerometer in an experimental scenario.The triangular chip shows a wide working frequency range of 630 Hz–5300 Hz,a natural frequency of 44.3 k Hz,and a mechanical sensitivity of 0.154 nm/g.An optimal structure of the square chip used in a probe such as a fiber optic FP accelerometer also shows a wide working frequency range of 120 Hz–2300 Hz;a good sensitivity of 31.5 m V/g,a resonance frequency of7873 Hz,an accuracy of 0.96%F.S.,a frequency measurement error of 1.15%,and an excellent linearity of 0.9995.展开更多
Globally,approximately 10 million new tuberculosis(TB)cases are reported annually.Delayed diagnosis due to low detection rates is the primary cause of mortality.Although pathological examination is commonly used for d...Globally,approximately 10 million new tuberculosis(TB)cases are reported annually.Delayed diagnosis due to low detection rates is the primary cause of mortality.Although pathological examination is commonly used for diagnosing TB,5%-30%of cases remain undiagnosed,emphasizing the urgent need to establish quality control(QC)standards to reduce rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses.To address this,we introduced a novel QC chip for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB).A quantitative pathological QC model was constructed by precisely and uniformly integrating MTB and HeLa cells into a photocurable hydrogel.This model was then sliced into uniform sections to create QC chips.It demonstrated that the QC chips exhibited no significant differences in intra-batch or inter-batch variation(coefficient of variation<5%),and remained stable at−80°C for one year.Furthermore,these chips were found to be 100%effective when tested with 240 clinical samples(200 with special staining and 40 with polymerase chain reaction).In addition to enhancing TB detection rates,this approach offers visualization,quantification,and sustainable production.Overall,this work provides a novel framework for developing QC chips for pathological testing,offering a reliable solution to enhance clinical diagnostic workflows.展开更多
The current global economic and trade landscape is undergoing profound changes.Since the outbreak of the China-US trade friction in 2018,the United States has systematically promoted the“de-Sinicizat ion”strategy in...The current global economic and trade landscape is undergoing profound changes.Since the outbreak of the China-US trade friction in 2018,the United States has systematically promoted the“de-Sinicizat ion”strategy in the supply chain through measures such as imposing tariffs,exercising technology blockades,and setting up industrial subsidy barriers.Chinese products,including automot ive par ts and elect ronic equipment,have been significantly impacted.展开更多
Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technol...Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional single-organ models,providing a novel platform for investigating complex disease mechanisms and evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity.Although it demonstrates broad application prospects,its development still faces critical bottlenecks,including inadequate physiological coupling between organs,short functional maintenance durations,and limited real-time monitoring capabilities.Contemporary research is advancing along three key directions,including functional coupling,sensor integration,and full-process automation systems,to propel the technology toward enhanced levels of physiological relevance and predictive accuracy.展开更多
Pt nanoparticles entrapped in ordered mesoporous CMK-3 carbons with p6mm symmetry were prepared using a facile impregnation method, and the resulting materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, ...Pt nanoparticles entrapped in ordered mesoporous CMK-3 carbons with p6mm symmetry were prepared using a facile impregnation method, and the resulting materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Pt nanoparticles were highly dispersed in the CMK-3 with 43.7% dispersion. The Pt/CMK-3 catalyst was an effective catalyst for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and its derivatives under the experimental conditions studied here. The Pt/CMK-3 catalyst was more active than commercial Pt/C catalyst in most cases. A highest turnover frequency of 43.8 s-1 was measured when the Pt/CMK-3 catalyst was applied for the hydrogenation of 2-methyl-nitrobenzene in ethanol under optimal conditions. It is worthy of note that the Pt/CMK-3 catalyst could be recycled easily, and could be reused at least fourteen times without any loss in activity or selectivity for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in ethanol.展开更多
The effect of Ce on ignition point of AZ91D magnesium alloy chips was studied. For the AZ91D and the AZ91D-xCe magnesium alloys, changing the sizes of the chips in the range of 58 - 270 μm has a limited influence on ...The effect of Ce on ignition point of AZ91D magnesium alloy chips was studied. For the AZ91D and the AZ91D-xCe magnesium alloys, changing the sizes of the chips in the range of 58 - 270 μm has a limited influence on ignition point, however, the shift of the content of Ce has much effect on ignition point. Increasing the Ce content, x from 0.15 to 0.25, the ignition point increases with increasing of Ce; however, x from 0.25 to 0.45, the ignition point decreases with increasing of Ce. By the addition of Ce of 0.25 %. the ignition point is raised by 43℃.展开更多
Paper-based flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) chips have been demonstrated to have great potential for future practical applications in point-of-care testing(POCT) due to the potentials of massive fabri...Paper-based flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) chips have been demonstrated to have great potential for future practical applications in point-of-care testing(POCT) due to the potentials of massive fabrication, low cost, efficient sample collection and short signal acquisition time. In this work,common filter paper and Ag@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles(NP) have been utilized to fabricate SERS chips based on shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SHINERS). The SERS performance of the chips for POCT applications was systematically investigated. We used crystal violet as the model molecule to study the influence of the size of the Ag core and the thickness of the Si O2 coating layer on the SERS activity and then the morphology optimized Ag@Si O2 core-shell NPs was employed to detect thiram. By utilizing the smartphone as a miniaturized Raman spectral analyzer, high SERS sensitivity of thiram with a detection limit of 10^-9 M was obtained. The study on the stability of the SERS chips shows that a Si O2 shell of 3 nm can effectively protect the as-prepared SERS chips against oxidation in ambient atmosphere without seriously weakening the SERS sensitivity. Our results indicated that the SERS chips by SHINERS had great potential of practical application, such as pesticide residues detection in POCT.展开更多
趋化抑制蛋白(Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein ofStaphylococcus aureus,CHIPS)是由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌到菌体外的一种蛋白。在感染早期,它能特异性地与中性粒细胞和单核细胞上的C5a受体(C5aR)和fMLP受体(FPR)结合,从而阻止中性粒细胞...趋化抑制蛋白(Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein ofStaphylococcus aureus,CHIPS)是由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌到菌体外的一种蛋白。在感染早期,它能特异性地与中性粒细胞和单核细胞上的C5a受体(C5aR)和fMLP受体(FPR)结合,从而阻止中性粒细胞和单核细胞对C5a和fMLP的结合作用,导致对病原吞噬作用的延迟。人们可以利用CHIPS对C5a-C5aR的阻止作用来研制治疗由C5a诱发的炎症性疾病的药物。将CHIPS作为免疫原防治疾病也将成为新的研究课题。实验成功构建了CHIPS蛋白的原核表达系统,为CHIPS免疫原性研究及蛋白的其他功能研究奠定了基础。展开更多
Liquid phase oxidation of toluene is an environmental benign route for the production of benzoic acid.In a φ48mm bubble column reactor,the commercial process of toluene liquid phase oxidation was conducted with Co(CH...Liquid phase oxidation of toluene is an environmental benign route for the production of benzoic acid.In a φ48mm bubble column reactor,the commercial process of toluene liquid phase oxidation was conducted with Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O as catalyst.The Co2+ concentration [Co2+] was determined by extraction spectrophotometry and hereby the Co3+ concentration [Co3+] was obtained by mass balance.The results showed that [Co3+] reached the maximum at about 25-30min.[Co3+] increased with increasing Co catalyst amount at total Co concentration<150 mg.L-1 of toluene.The conversion of toluene,yield and selectivity of benzoic acid increased with the increasing [Co3+/Co2+] max.A high [Co3+] and a high [Co3+]/[Co2+] ratio are beneficial to the reaction.展开更多
The homogeneous liquid was separated into two phases, （Fe, Co）-rich LI and Cu-rich L2, once the melt was undercooled below a liquid-phase separation temperature Tsep. If the duration from Tsep to Tsl （solidificatio...The homogeneous liquid was separated into two phases, （Fe, Co）-rich LI and Cu-rich L2, once the melt was undercooled below a liquid-phase separation temperature Tsep. If the duration from Tsep to Tsl （solidification temperature of LI phase）, termed the liquid-phase separation interval Δt, exceeded a critical value, an eggtype structure was observed. By utilizing differential thermal analyses （DTA）, the solidification process of the undercooled Fe-Co-Cu alloys was studied. Additionally, an immiscible boundary was obtained, which was a convex parabola with a symmetrical axis of XCu=0.52. Depending on the relative amounts of LI and L2, the minor phase was nucleated firstly to form liquid droplets and separated from the original liquids at the beginning of liquid-phase separation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172602,32472739)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(Grant No.221100110400)+3 种基金the Funding of Joint Research on Agricultural Varietie Improvement of Henan Province(Grant No.2022010503)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.242300421030)the Key Scientifc and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant Nos.242102111124,242102111115)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region(2023B02017-2).
文摘Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the design and development of high-throughput genotyping tools in watermelon.In this study,we identified 112000 high quality SNPs by analyzing the resequencing data of 43 cultivated watermelon accessions.11921 and 6094 SNPs were selected for developing two sets of watermelon liquid-phase chips with different marker densities,named Watermelon 10K and 5K,respectively.Furthermore,the SNPs and Indels of most mapped gene/QTLs for many agronomic important traits in watermelon were also integrated into the two chips for foreground selection.These chips have been tested using GBTS technology in various applications in watermelon.The genotyping of 76 accessions by Watermelon 5K liquid-phase chip showed an average detection rate of 99.28%and 81.78%for cultivated and wild watermelon accessions,respectively.This provided enough markers information for GWAS and two significant QTLs,ssc1.1 and ssc1.2,associated with soluble sugar content were detected.Furthermore,BSA-seq analysis for non-lobed leaf and dwarf traits were validated by liquid-phase chips,and the candidate region was consistent with our previous studies.Additionally,we precisely introduced the Cldw1 and Clbl genes into an elite inbred line WT2 using Watermelon 5K for assisted selection,resulting in the development of three new germplasm with good plant architecture.As a high-throughput genotyping liquid-phase SNP array,the Watermelon 10K and 5K chips will greatly facilitate functional studies and molecular breeding in watermelon.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-WZ1Y,1-W34U,4-YWER).
文摘Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22378308)Jing-Jin-Ji Regional Integrated Environmental Improvement-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2024ZD1200301–2)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metal Laboratory(No.YPML2023050202)。
文摘A comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamic evolution of catalytic active sites is vital for advancing the study of liquid-phase acetylene hydrochlorination.Here,we successfully developed a Ru-DIPEA/TMS catalyst optimised through systematic composition and condition tuning,demonstrating exceptional performance with 95.5%C_(2)H_(2)conversion and sustaining over 91.1%activity along with nearly 100%selectivity for VCM during a continuous 900-h test.Using a combination of characterisation techniques,including UV–vis spectroscopy,FT-IR spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,singlecrystal X-ray diffraction,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy,along with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the structure and dynamic behaviour of the active sites were thoroughly investigated under the synergistic influence of ligands and HCl.The results revealed that HCl activation induces a significant structural transformation of the active sites,leading to the formation of a hexacoordinate complex,Ru(CO)_(2)C_(12)(C_(6)H_(15)N·HCl)_(2).DFT calculations further elucidated the mechanism underlying active site formation,revealing that an increased electron density around the Ru centre and corresponding changes in its coordination environment play critical roles in enhancing catalyst stability and activity.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural basis of active site evolution during acetylene hydrochlorination,offering both practical insights into industrial applications and foundational knowledge for advancing liquid-phase catalysis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant Nos.2021YFA1402004 and 2021YFF0603701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12134014,U21A20433,U21A6006,and 92265108)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative。
文摘We present a compact cold atom platform where an optical grating chip and planar coil chip are placed inside a compact vacuum chamber to create a magneto-optical trap.This approach significantly reduces the system volume to about 20×20×20 cm^(3) compared to conventional vacuum systems and offers greater flexibility in accessing the trapped atoms.We demonstrate the trapping of 3×10^(5) cold rubidium atoms at a temperature of 100μK in a vacuum pressure below 10^(−7) mbar.The simplified optical geometry,low power consumption,and high degree of integration make this a promising platform for portable and versatile cold-atom devices in quantum sensing,timing,and information processing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32473216)Ningbo Youth Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project(Grant No.2023QL004)。
文摘Vibration detection using sensors with both wide working frequency range,good sensitivity,and other good performances is a topic of great interest in fields such as inertial navigation,deep-sea fishing boat engines condition monitoring,seismic monitoring,attitude,and heading reference system,etc.This paper investigates two 6H-SIC MEMS diaphragms,one triangular and the other square,used in a fiber optic Fabry–Perot(FP)accelerometer in an experimental scenario.The triangular chip shows a wide working frequency range of 630 Hz–5300 Hz,a natural frequency of 44.3 k Hz,and a mechanical sensitivity of 0.154 nm/g.An optimal structure of the square chip used in a probe such as a fiber optic FP accelerometer also shows a wide working frequency range of 120 Hz–2300 Hz;a good sensitivity of 31.5 m V/g,a resonance frequency of7873 Hz,an accuracy of 0.96%F.S.,a frequency measurement error of 1.15%,and an excellent linearity of 0.9995.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52325504 and 52235007)the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province(No.LGY23H160089)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Taizhou City(No.24ywa08).
文摘Globally,approximately 10 million new tuberculosis(TB)cases are reported annually.Delayed diagnosis due to low detection rates is the primary cause of mortality.Although pathological examination is commonly used for diagnosing TB,5%-30%of cases remain undiagnosed,emphasizing the urgent need to establish quality control(QC)standards to reduce rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses.To address this,we introduced a novel QC chip for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB).A quantitative pathological QC model was constructed by precisely and uniformly integrating MTB and HeLa cells into a photocurable hydrogel.This model was then sliced into uniform sections to create QC chips.It demonstrated that the QC chips exhibited no significant differences in intra-batch or inter-batch variation(coefficient of variation<5%),and remained stable at−80°C for one year.Furthermore,these chips were found to be 100%effective when tested with 240 clinical samples(200 with special staining and 40 with polymerase chain reaction).In addition to enhancing TB detection rates,this approach offers visualization,quantification,and sustainable production.Overall,this work provides a novel framework for developing QC chips for pathological testing,offering a reliable solution to enhance clinical diagnostic workflows.
文摘The current global economic and trade landscape is undergoing profound changes.Since the outbreak of the China-US trade friction in 2018,the United States has systematically promoted the“de-Sinicizat ion”strategy in the supply chain through measures such as imposing tariffs,exercising technology blockades,and setting up industrial subsidy barriers.Chinese products,including automot ive par ts and elect ronic equipment,have been significantly impacted.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Grant No.A2303049)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2023A1515010647)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22004135)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCBS20210706092409020,GXWD20201231165807008,20200824162253002).
文摘Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional single-organ models,providing a novel platform for investigating complex disease mechanisms and evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity.Although it demonstrates broad application prospects,its development still faces critical bottlenecks,including inadequate physiological coupling between organs,short functional maintenance durations,and limited real-time monitoring capabilities.Contemporary research is advancing along three key directions,including functional coupling,sensor integration,and full-process automation systems,to propel the technology toward enhanced levels of physiological relevance and predictive accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21273076 and 21373089)the Open Research Fund of Top Key Discipline of Chemistry in Zhejiang Provincial Colleges and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Catalysis Materials(Zhejiang Normal University,ZJHX2013)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B409)~~
文摘Pt nanoparticles entrapped in ordered mesoporous CMK-3 carbons with p6mm symmetry were prepared using a facile impregnation method, and the resulting materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Pt nanoparticles were highly dispersed in the CMK-3 with 43.7% dispersion. The Pt/CMK-3 catalyst was an effective catalyst for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and its derivatives under the experimental conditions studied here. The Pt/CMK-3 catalyst was more active than commercial Pt/C catalyst in most cases. A highest turnover frequency of 43.8 s-1 was measured when the Pt/CMK-3 catalyst was applied for the hydrogenation of 2-methyl-nitrobenzene in ethanol under optimal conditions. It is worthy of note that the Pt/CMK-3 catalyst could be recycled easily, and could be reused at least fourteen times without any loss in activity or selectivity for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in ethanol.
文摘The effect of Ce on ignition point of AZ91D magnesium alloy chips was studied. For the AZ91D and the AZ91D-xCe magnesium alloys, changing the sizes of the chips in the range of 58 - 270 μm has a limited influence on ignition point, however, the shift of the content of Ce has much effect on ignition point. Increasing the Ce content, x from 0.15 to 0.25, the ignition point increases with increasing of Ce; however, x from 0.25 to 0.45, the ignition point decreases with increasing of Ce. By the addition of Ce of 0.25 %. the ignition point is raised by 43℃.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51802060)the Shenzhen Innovation Project (No. KQJSCX20170726104623185)the Shenzhen Peacock Group (KQTD20170809110344233)
文摘Paper-based flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) chips have been demonstrated to have great potential for future practical applications in point-of-care testing(POCT) due to the potentials of massive fabrication, low cost, efficient sample collection and short signal acquisition time. In this work,common filter paper and Ag@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles(NP) have been utilized to fabricate SERS chips based on shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SHINERS). The SERS performance of the chips for POCT applications was systematically investigated. We used crystal violet as the model molecule to study the influence of the size of the Ag core and the thickness of the Si O2 coating layer on the SERS activity and then the morphology optimized Ag@Si O2 core-shell NPs was employed to detect thiram. By utilizing the smartphone as a miniaturized Raman spectral analyzer, high SERS sensitivity of thiram with a detection limit of 10^-9 M was obtained. The study on the stability of the SERS chips shows that a Si O2 shell of 3 nm can effectively protect the as-prepared SERS chips against oxidation in ambient atmosphere without seriously weakening the SERS sensitivity. Our results indicated that the SERS chips by SHINERS had great potential of practical application, such as pesticide residues detection in POCT.
文摘趋化抑制蛋白(Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein ofStaphylococcus aureus,CHIPS)是由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌到菌体外的一种蛋白。在感染早期,它能特异性地与中性粒细胞和单核细胞上的C5a受体(C5aR)和fMLP受体(FPR)结合,从而阻止中性粒细胞和单核细胞对C5a和fMLP的结合作用,导致对病原吞噬作用的延迟。人们可以利用CHIPS对C5a-C5aR的阻止作用来研制治疗由C5a诱发的炎症性疾病的药物。将CHIPS作为免疫原防治疾病也将成为新的研究课题。实验成功构建了CHIPS蛋白的原核表达系统,为CHIPS免疫原性研究及蛋白的其他功能研究奠定了基础。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20576081, 20736009） and the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China （20070610128）.
文摘Liquid phase oxidation of toluene is an environmental benign route for the production of benzoic acid.In a φ48mm bubble column reactor,the commercial process of toluene liquid phase oxidation was conducted with Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O as catalyst.The Co2+ concentration [Co2+] was determined by extraction spectrophotometry and hereby the Co3+ concentration [Co3+] was obtained by mass balance.The results showed that [Co3+] reached the maximum at about 25-30min.[Co3+] increased with increasing Co catalyst amount at total Co concentration<150 mg.L-1 of toluene.The conversion of toluene,yield and selectivity of benzoic acid increased with the increasing [Co3+/Co2+] max.A high [Co3+] and a high [Co3+]/[Co2+] ratio are beneficial to the reaction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50771084)the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangsu province,China (Grant No.09KJB430004)
文摘The homogeneous liquid was separated into two phases, （Fe, Co）-rich LI and Cu-rich L2, once the melt was undercooled below a liquid-phase separation temperature Tsep. If the duration from Tsep to Tsl （solidification temperature of LI phase）, termed the liquid-phase separation interval Δt, exceeded a critical value, an eggtype structure was observed. By utilizing differential thermal analyses （DTA）, the solidification process of the undercooled Fe-Co-Cu alloys was studied. Additionally, an immiscible boundary was obtained, which was a convex parabola with a symmetrical axis of XCu=0.52. Depending on the relative amounts of LI and L2, the minor phase was nucleated firstly to form liquid droplets and separated from the original liquids at the beginning of liquid-phase separation.
